Transcription
[Music] [Music]
To achieve stability, they are joined by three types of covalent, ionic bonds, and metals. The chemical bond is the set of electrostatic and magnetic forces that hold the atoms of the molecules together.
Precisely for that, to achieve stability, in this video we are going to work on exercises to learn to identify the type of bond in each case. They give us several elements here, and we are going to forget about them, and we are going to understand in each case what type of bond it is.
We will do it through the electronic configuration. I am going to give you some tricks that will be super easy for you to understand the type of bonds in each case.
Welcome to the education channel and this chemistry video that we are going to dedicate to the chemical bond. If you like it, then you can leave me a like as a comment, you can share it on the networks, and you can also subscribe to the channel so that none of our flickrs are fired.
And now I invite you to watch the video. Don't move! We begin our explanation with some rules or notions about these three types of links that allow us to identify them later when we see each other in exercises.
So we are going to have the ionic bond, where we are going to have non-metal plus metal, and there is going to be a transfer of electrons. The covalent bond is going to be non-metal plus non-metal, where electrons are going to be shared.
Then we have the metallic bond, which is going to be a super element and it will also be metallic. The most important thing of all is that we need to understand the periodic table, what metals are, and what non-metals are, so that we can then work on the exercises and understand what type of bond it will be in each case.
Because if we do not know an element is a metal or non-metal, we cannot work. Then in the periodic table, in this area that appears colored orange, are the metals. In this blue area are the non-metals, and hydrogen, which occupies the first box of the table, is also a non-metal.
Here are the elementals in this area that appears in red. Well, when we refer to the non-metal plus metal, it means that we have to take an element from this area that is a non-metal and a metal from this area to be able to know that it is going to be a bond.
In this case, we are going to learn to differentiate the types of bonds, and we are going to see it with the electronic configuration of these elements that have given us their atomic number here, but that we don't know what element it is.
In any case, atomic number 8. If you look in the table, what is this element at number 8? Then we are going to see that it is oxygen.
Starting from the fact that it has atomic number 8, helping us with the diagram, we go back to make the configuration, and we will follow the arrows that indicate the order of filling by electrons of the levels and their levels within a socket.
Then, as it has an atomic number of 8, we would put 1s² for level 1, its electron levels. Then we go to the next, 2s², and then we go to the next one, and there would be 2p⁴. In total, oxygen has 8, well, 2 and 6, and we would already have the 8 electrons.
Well, with this electronic configuration, we see that oxygen will be in group 6. Oxygen, sulfur, and selenium are one of the chalcogens. We are going to see that its position is this.
We are going to know that it is a non-metal. We are also going to know that it has 6 electrons in the last layer and that it is in period 2. But I want to give you the trick that when the element in its electronic configuration has more than 4 electrons in the last shell, it is a non-metal.
We see since it has 6 in the last layer, which is layer 2, as it has more than 4, we will know that it is a non-metal.
So here we will put this element is non-metal. Let's go with the second element. It has atomic number 19. We can look for this element in the periodic table, and we can now identify if it is a metal or a non-metal.
In this group, lithium, sodium, potassium is one of the alkali metals. Then we will notice that it says potassium. Now, following the mole diagram, we will make the configuration, completing those 19 electrons.
In the configuration of atomic number 19, it will coincide with the number of electrons that must be completed in the configuration: 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s¹.
Now we are going to count: 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, and since there are 19, we are going to count the electrons to see the trick that we explained before.
Here we have how many electrons in the last shell. An element has less than 4 electrons. Let's go, namely, what is non-metal.
If they give us the number of elements, looking at the last layer occupied by electrons, if they have less than 4, it is a metal, and if they have more than 4 in the last layer, it is a non-metal.
Now then, the same with the next element, which has atomic number 26. If you look for it, it is iron, and we make its electronic configuration following the diagram.
It would be 1s², 2s², 2p⁶, 3s², 3p⁶, 4s², 3d⁶. Now we are going to count how many we have to have 26 protons. Well, 26 electrons: 2, 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26.
As it has to have 6, then it will end in 6. So now we are going to count the electrons of its last shell.
Here we have layer 1, here we have layer 2, here we have layer 3, and this 3 is also for 3. The last layer it has is layer 4. It has less than 4 electrons because it only has 2.
So then this element is a metal. Then in this way, you see that it is very simple to find out when an element is a metal or a non-metal.
If they give us the electronic configuration, our last element has the atomic number 33. Then 33 protons, therefore 33 electrons, and you must explain its electronic configuration.
Now, as I have said before, let's look at its last layer, which is the last layer. Here it has levels 1, 2, 3, and 4. The last layer is 4, which has 4, and 4, which has 2, and 3, 5 electrons.
Since it has more than 4 electrons, that's not true. So then we have identified metals and non-metals, and I have given you a trick to identify them when they simply give us the atomic number.
We know how to do it with the diagram to determine the electronic configuration. In addition, the periodic table is divided into blocks.
This block is here, the metallic elements, alkaline and alkaline earth metals. That is, when an element is in these groups, they are metals. Here would be the transition elements in the block of metals, and the metals in this area here of the periodic table are precisely where you can apply with less than 4 electrons in the last shell because it can help you identify metals and non-metals.
Now we are going to work on an exercise to identify the type of bond of these elements that have been given to us. Now we have proposed here what type of link would occur between these two atoms: oxygen and potassium.
If we had oxygen, that is represented by potassium with the letter K, today we are going to see oxygen and potassium. We have said that it was a metal, no, non-metal plus metal.
Let's see what would happen if we had oxygen or iron. Let's describe oxygen or iron. Oxygen, we have said that it was a non-metal, where love was here.
No, they give me more. They gave me that it is a metal, so we will be in the same case when we have non-metal plus metal.
The bond will be ionic, and it will be a bond in which there will be a transfer of electrons. One element has a great tendency to capture electrons, and the other has a great tendency to give them up, so that is why steel is produced.
Now let's see if it is oxygen with arsenic. Oxygen, oxygen, and that one that is arsenic. Then this is going to be non-metal plus non-metal.
That is, arsenic plus oxygen, then it will also be non-metal plus non-metal. It will not be the bond with it.
And well, we have iron. If we have iron, and there is only one element, and iron is a metal, as we well know, then this would be a bond.
[Music]
Chemical bond: introduction to the ionic, covalent, and metallic chemical bond. We define chemical bond as the set of electrostatic and magnetic forces that hold atoms together in molecules to achieve stability.
There are three types: ionic, covalent, and metallic chemical bonds. [Music]
We must know where the chemical bonds are placed: non-metals and metals. In the periodic table, metals occupy the orange-colored area, and non-metals occupy the blue area.
In addition, hydrogen occupies the first box on the periodic table and is also a non-metal. In the ionic bond, metal and non-metal intervene, as the main characteristic is that there is a transfer of electrons, and a single crystalline network is also formed.
For example, in sodium chloride, there is a transfer of electrons from the metal to the non-metal, forming positive sodium ions and negative chlorine ions.
A covalent bond involves non-metal plus non-metal. [Music]
Electrons are shared, and molecules or crystals are formed. For example, in hydrochloric acid, where there is a simple covalent bond, a molecule is formed.
Finally, in the metallic bond, the metallic element intervenes, as for example, silver, copper, gold, and iron.
And that's all for the video we've dedicated to chemical bonds and how to identify what type of bond it is in each case.
If you liked it, you can leave me a like or a comment, you can share it on the networks, and you can also subscribe for free to this channel, Hero Anza, that grows day by day with your support.
I thank you so much for watching this video, and see you next time. Bye!
Visit the website teacherarantxa.com. Leave me a like if the video has been useful to you. I encourage you to subscribe to the channel and hit the bell to receive notifications of new videos. Together we will continue.
[Music]
Follow me on YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on the Own Education Channel. You can learn easy, basic challenges in mathematics, physics, and chemistry on Sundays once a month.
[Music]
Learn, study, practice, and pass with work and perseverance. See you all this.
[Music]
Ah! [Music]