Transcription
Hello, hello, hello. Now please confirm once if the voice is audible. Please confirm once. Tell me once. Okay, okay, okay. One minute. I wasn't focusing on the comments at all. For now, the voice will be clear, audible. Please check once. Is it clear now? Hmm, hmm. All okay. Fine, fine, fine. Let's proceed. I was explaining a few things to you. For now, I will brief you again. It's lecture number second, second. And I had told you one simple thing: that you have to remain consistent in this series. That's all. The rest, these questions we were solving, it's a part of speech question, and in this, you have to tell the correct part of speech of the underlined words. Right? Let's check. I'll explain it once again. See, you need to understand one simple thing: you should not make any pre-assumptions beforehand. For example, you read about "still" that "still" is a conjunction. But if you look closely, there's an article before it. The article "the" is used. Look at this. And you know that any noun, right? Uh, any noun, these determiners are used for whom? For nouns. Right? For nouns, and used with nouns, simply. So, if you see "still" here, the part of speech of "still" should be a noun. Not an adjective. So, the first one is incorrect, sir. Okay, now let's come to this one. Let's discuss this first. It says "a near relation." "Relation" is a noun. Right? "A" is an article, or a determiner. And the word in the middle will be an adjective. What is the word that defines a noun? An adjective. A word that describes a noun and pronoun is basically an adjective. So, here "near" is an adjective. So, this one is also incorrect. And understand this question very carefully, attentively, the 'C' one. "I have had enough of this." Right? And in this one, you will basically be confused because you know what you have learned? See, I'll explain to you. If you have studied English before, you will have a major doubt that you would have read two things about "enough": "enough" is either an adjective or an adverb. "Enough" will either be an adjective, sir, or it will be an adverb. It will be in these two only. But understand one thing: look at this sentence carefully first. "I have had enough of this." Right? I'll explain it further. I said, "I had a chance." "I had a chance." Understand this simple thing. "I" is the subject. "Had" is the verb of possession. And after this, this word is basically a noun. So, "have" is a verb. Now, after "have," what do you use? You use a noun. That's one thing. Now, look at this question carefully. You said "have" and "had." This part is correct. After this, you used it, right? And after this, you are using "of." What is "of"? It's a preposition. Understand. After a preposition, there should be a noun or pronoun, and before a preposition, there should be a noun or pronoun. A word that tells the relation of one noun or pronoun to another noun or pronoun is a preposition. This "this" is a pronoun. Correct? So, then, it's a simple matter. This word will be a noun. So, again, this one is also incorrect, my brother. Right? Now, come to this question. What is "does"? It's a verb. And before a verb, what do you use? A subject. As a subject, what do you use? A noun or pronoun. Now, here, if you look, it's not a noun. So, it means it's a pronoun. That means this is correct. Which answer is clear? That will be the second one. Understand one more thing. You know what? That's why I was saying that the appearance of a word doesn't define it. How the word looks doesn't matter. The function of the word will define what its part of speech is going to be. Right? So, its function, as you might have read a very nice saying, if you remember: "Don't judge a book by its cover." Right? Now, can anyone complete this proverb? Tell me. "Don't judge a book by its cover." Tell the whole line. I have not 5000, not 10,000, not 500, but a full ₹100 cash prize for you. You have to tell the complete proverb. What is the proverb after this? If you can complete it, then fine. Clear. Let's move on. Let's come to the second one. See, it says, "Find out the correct sentence." You have to find out which sentence is correct among these. This is a spotting error question. Let's solve the spotting error question. Understand. And to understand this, you need to understand one small thing. "The man approached to the minister." To understand the first question, you need to understand one thing: the problem between verb and preposition. Understand two things for this. Do you know what the first thing is? That verbs also have objects. And prepositions also have objects. Prepositions also have objects. Now, do you know what the problem is? You will write the object of the verb directly. No preposition should come here. NP should come. No preposition. Now, this is where the problem will arise. Do you know what? That it will give the object of the verb but will insert a preposition in between. For example, I'll explain it to you with an example. Before that, understand this: how do you find out the object of a verb? You take any verb, especially an action verb, and add two words to it: "What" and "Whom." The reply to "What" will be the DO, the direct object. And the reply to "Whom" will be the IO, the indirect object. Right? The reply to "What" will be the direct object. The reply to "Whom" will be the indirect object. Usually, these are things. And these are non-living things. Or rather than saying non-living, say people. Usually, the replies to "Whom" are people. And from here, a very nice concept of yours will be cleared: transitive and intransitive. And verbs where you get a reply to "What" and "Whom." Right? Meaning, verbs that have objects. Verbs that have objects with them are called VT. VT means transitive verb. Now, for example, I'll explain it to you with an example, then I'll give you the question. I said, "I ordered for a cup of coffee." "A cup of coffee." This is a statement. Let's suppose this is a statement. Now, break it down. You said "I" is the subject. "Ordered" is the verb. And "ordered what?" The reply to "What" is "a cup of coffee." This entire thing is the object. When the object of this verb is directly found, this preposition is used unnecessarily. And this is where the question will be framed: it will put an unnecessary preposition between the verb and its object. So, you have to remember that NP will come here, no preposition. Like these are some examples, solve them and tell me once. Hmm, yes, transitive verb. Uh, understand one more thing. You know, there are two types of verbs: one is VT, and the other is VI. VT is Verb Transitive. V means Verb, T means Transitive. Verbs that have objects. And you can define objects with "What" and "Whom." Just add these two question words: "What" and "Whom." Right? What? Whom? And verbs that don't have objects will be VI, intransitive verbs. For example, suppose I wrote a statement: "I taught you." This is transitive. I said, "I taught a lesson." This is also transitive. I said, "I taught last night." Now, this is not transitive because there is no object. So, you should simply know how to define this before solving this question. Because many questions are framed on you based on this pattern of transitive and intransitive verbs. Now, check these questions. "He will demand." He will demand. Demand for what? What will he demand? To what will he demand? You will add the question word "What" to "demand." Right? Demand what? It's a reply to "What," so it means it's an object. If it's an object, then you will not use a preposition. So, "He will demand more help." Like this one: "He should stress on this matter." Here, it should be "matter." He needs to stress on this matter. Stress what? So, you said "this matter," so you will use it directly. Then you cannot use "on." Right? "She has qualified in all the exams." So, she has qualified. Qualified what? "All the exams" is the object. And remember, an object is not necessarily a single word. It can be a word. It can be a phrase. It can even be a clause. So, this is an object. If it's an object, then you will drop them. Simple. Come to this one. "He should not attack on him." Attack whom? This "whom" means it's an IO, an indirect object. So, you cannot use "on" here. So, "He should not attack him." Directly. Now, come back to this question, my brother. The first question: "The man approached." The man approached. Whom did he approach? The minister. So, this minister, sir, is an object. So, that is why you have used "to" unnecessarily. So, the first sentence is incorrect. Is this clear? Don't spam, my child. "This plan will be expired next week." This plan will expire next week. Now, for this, understand one thing. Verbs are of two types. Like these two questions, solve them too. "She cannot afford to that bike." "I didn't like in new project." Now, you said "She" is the subject. "Cannot afford" is the verb. And afford what? The answer to "What" will be "that bike." This is an object, and whose object is it? Sir, it's the object of the verb "afford." So, the preposition used here is unnecessary, so drop it. The sentence will become correct. "She didn't like." She didn't like. Liked what? "The new project." This is your object. If it's an object, then you have to drop them, simply. So, this was the first type of question. Now, look at the second type. There are two types of verbs. Understand. We categorize verbs into two parts. One is your "doing verb." Doing. And secondly, if we talk, there is "happening." Doing means when you do some work, that is doing. Right? Like you say reading, writing, coming, going, getting up, sitting down, these are all doing verbs. Happening means what happens on its own. You said it rained. Right? And suddenly this thing appeared. Happening means what happens on its own. Doing means there will be a doer who is performing some action. Now, understand one thing: doing verbs can be changed from active to passive. Meaning, we can frame their passive, we can make them. But happening verbs cannot be made passive. Why? Because there will be no doer. Obviously, it's a simple matter. Now, happening verbs are like this. Like, suppose I said "occur," like I said "happened." Words like these, suppose you wrote "expire." Verbs like these you will usually find. I said, "It occurred suddenly." "It occurred suddenly." Like I said, "It rained heavily." It rained very heavily. Now, you are saying that in this, it's a simple matter, see, there is no doer in these. The doer is absent. So, that's why you simply understand it this way: when you frame from active to passive, you need a doer, a receiver. Right? Then you will change them. So, you won't be able to do that. So, that is why happening verbs cannot be made passive. We cannot make their passive. So, just remember this one thing: their passive cannot be made. Now, look at this statement. Like this statement: "Such a phenomenon is happened once in a century." This type of phenomenon happens once in a century. Uh, tell me one more thing. This is singular. What is its plural? This question is basically formed in nouns. Try it. Yes. Don't have a doer. Yes. Okay. Yes. Singing, singing, doing, teaching. All words like these will be doing verbs. Now, "phenomenon" is singular. Its plural is "phenomena." This becomes your plural question. This is "phenomena." Okay. What type of verb is "happened"? It's a happening verb. And it's a happening verb. So, you see, you have written "is happened." This means it's passive. And the passive of a happening verb cannot be formed. So, what will you write? "Happens." So, "Such a phenomenon happens once in a century." Now, come back to this question. Look, solve this question. This plan will expire next week. Now, you have written "will be expired." So, "will" with "be" + third form means passive. It's passive, because "expire" is a happening verb. So, you cannot frame its passive. So, it should be "will expire." Then this statement becomes correct. Sir, is the matter clear? "The sun appeared bright in the sky." Now, for this, you need to understand the concept of verbs of sensation. See, understand one thing here. Uh, one more small point I am asking you: mention some verbs that define senses. Verbs of senses. Can you tell me? Can you tell? Verbs of senses. Verbs of senses. And the second question. The first question is this. What are such verbs? This is the first question. The second question is also formed: what do these verbs need? I mean, to define these verbs, do they need an adjective or an adverb? For example, if you see, you said, see, you can tell some, like you said "smell," "taste," "sound." "Smell," "taste," "sound," right? Verbs like these, and what do you basically need for them? Adjectives. Things that you see, our senses, like you can smell something, taste it, feel it, touch it, these are our senses. So, with them, you need an adjective. And the last two questions depend on this. Look at this. You said, "The sun appeared." What type of verb is "appear"? This is also in your verbs of senses. You read "look," "seem," "appear." With them also, what do you need, sir? An adjective. So, you cannot use "brightly." You will use "bright." So, this sentence is correct. You had to find the correct one. This is the correct one. Look at the last one. And before understanding the last one, you need to understand the difference between "good" and "well." So, in short, if we understand, "good" is an adjective. And "well" we use as an adverb. You said, "The machine looks." This is a verb of senses. So, after it, you need an adjective. So, "good" should come here. "This machine looks good, but it does not work well." What is "work"? This is not a verb of senses, so it needs an adverb. So, "well" will come here. "This machine looks good, but it does not work well." Correct. Hmm, hmm. Okay. Oh, you know it. Others don't know. Let them learn. Okay, if you know it, then solve this question, and I'll know. I'm still trying to keep it slightly easy because these are your initial sets, but if I put tough concepts right at the beginning, you might have a problem. Let's look at this question. This word is "inanition." You have to tell its meaning. You have to tell its synonym. "Abscond," "uncanny," "indolent," and "fugitive." You can remember "fugitive" by Vijay Mallya. Someone who flees from law and justice is called a fugitive. "Indolent" means sleeping, right? Someone who doesn't move. So, it means inactive, not active. "Uncanny" is something supernatural, where the laws of the world do not apply. Those supernatural elements are called uncanny. "Abscond" means to flee, to run away. But if you know the meaning of all the words, but don't know this one, then you won't be able to answer. Another thing is that you won't be able to eliminate options either. There's nothing here that you can eliminate. "Inanition" means when you are tired. Tired just because of hunger. That you haven't received proper nutrition. Because of that, the hunger you feel is called inanition. So, the correct answer for this will be "indolent." But this was not our main target. The main target starts from here. Understand. And it's very easy for me to say, "Here's a list. Learn them well." But the story won't end there. Right? Because you will forget the words even after that. So, words like "desiccated," like this word, all these words mean lazy, inactive, right? For a person who is inactive, who is not doing any work, you use the term "lethargic." Now, I'll explain each word one by one. Listen carefully. First, in "lethargic," put the word "lack." "Lack" means deficiency. Just remember it from here. Someone who lacks energy. In "slack" also, put the word "lack." So, you can relate this one too. It also means lack of energy. Someone who lacks energy is slack. They are lethargic. And "lackluster" is another word. It also has "lack" in it. So, what does it also mean? Deficiency. So, sir, there are three words that mean deficiency. First, second, and third, and all are formed from "lack." So, the first term is clear from here. Now, let's move on to "indolent," someone who doesn't move at all. Like "couch potato." Do you remember which idiom it is? It's like this: "couch potato." Remember? A person who sits in front of the TV, eats chips, and enjoys a good movie or match. Right? Doesn't do any work. Maybe you have read this idiom. Right? So, "indolent" means someone who doesn't move. Right? Someone who doesn't move. I told you about this batch at the beginning. You can see it from there. What does "languid" mean? Someone who is lying down like a drum. These are very small mnemonics. Just focus on them, and you won't need to memorize. In "language," if there is no one to guide, you see a process, there is no one to guide, so everything will be chaotic, everyone will be lazy. Right? If you see in any office, if there is no one properly guiding, then obviously everything will be chaotic, everyone will be inactive. So, in language, there is no one to guide, so everyone is lazy. "Slothful." "Slothful" is a bird. Right? And it's very lazy. If you look at lazy animals, this is the laziest. "Slothful." Right? Actually, if you look closely, you will see your own face in it. And you know what its main job is? In its lifetime, it only changes seven to eight trees.
And it changes, and the entire life span, its entire life span, passes in just seven to eight trees, and it only sleeps in these. It keeps eating in these. That's all it does. So this is slothful. Remember it from "sloth." Okay? And the next word is lethargic. Understand "lethargic." It's easy, actually. Maybe it's clear to you. It's a basic word. But still, let's understand it. How was this word formed? Where did it originate? This word is formed from "Lethe." Lethe is a river. Lethe is a river. If you read literature, you will find this term, Lethe. And it's a river that has nothing but wine. And after drinking it, a person forgets things. An oblivious person becomes forgetful. Right? And after that, the person becomes completely inactive. Becomes unconscious. Is not in their senses. So from there, the word "lethargic" was formed. Remember it from Lethe, the river. Meaning, after drinking its wine, how does a person become? Lethargic. Is that clear? Let's move to the next word. What is "sludges"? "Sludges." And this word is formed from "sludge." It's formed from S-L-U-G. Sludge is some kind of animal. Do you see this? It's an animal like this, that moves very slowly. Moves very slowly. It walks very slowly. Its specialty is that it crawls very slowly. Like you've read an idiom, "drag one's feet." What does "drag one's feet" mean? To take steps with great sluggishness. Meaning, when you are doing something lazily, you use this term for it. "Drag one's feet." Just like you use another idiom. "An afternoon farmer." You must have read this too. The farmer after noon becomes sluggish, lazy. Doesn't feel like going to work. And there's another one: "Let the grass grow under one's feet." "Let the grass grow under one's feet." Grass has grown under one's feet. Meaning, now you see no activity happening anywhere. So what happens there? Grass starts growing slowly. So, this is a symbol of inactivity. And I had also mentioned one idiom. So, in total, if you look here, the first idiom, second idiom, third idiom, and fourth idiom are related to this. They are related to laziness. "Dorma" is a root word. "Dorma" means sleep. "Derma" and "Dorma" are different. Remember that. "Derma" means skin. "Dorma" means sleep. So, one who is sleeping is what? Dormant. Okay, tell me, "dormitory" is a term you usually use. What is it for? It's for a place. Tell me, what is a dormitory? This is your term, "dormitory." "Dormitory." Tell me about it, what is it? "Idle" you know means sluggish. "Idle" means ideal. And you must have heard of inert gases. Those gases that don't react with anything are called inert gases. "Nonchalant." What does this mean? Even after being nonchalant, the person is completely lazy. You can simply relate it. I'll tell you a few more things. Like, you will see this word a lot. "Sedentary." "Sedentary," right? "Sedentary" means inactive. Inactive. But sir, you won't learn it like this. Remember, you won't learn it like this. So, for this, we made a small technique here. I said, sir, remember this phrase. So, you will remember it well from here and learn it. "Sedentary lifestyle." Like you see, how much people used to work out in the past. Now we have stopped all workouts. We just lie down and scroll reels. We don't want to work. Right? Because we want an "armchair job." "Armchair job." What does this mean? That we want a very easy job. A "cushy job." Like you must have read this too, "cushy job" comes up. A very easy job. In which you don't have to put in any effort. Like this kind of person wants a "sine qua non job" where they just have to go to sign and not work. High pay but low work. High pay but low work. Very little work, very high salary. For that, you use the term "sine qua non." Sign and go home. You will get digital notes, don't worry about it. "Sedentary lifestyle." Now you must have understood "sedentary lifestyle." But there is another word related to this. Look at this. "Lackluster" is a term that comes up. "Lackluster." Maybe I've covered this before. "Lackluster." It's made from "lack" itself. So, "lackluster." You can make a phrase for it: "lackluster performance." How is your performance? Very bad. Very dull performance. What would you say is the indirect meaning of "lackluster"? Dull. A very lazy performance. You can say that. Like, for this, you use the word "jaded." The word "jaded" also means what? Tired. And a word comes up: "haggard." H-A-double G-A-R-D. And "haggard." Its actual pronunciation is "haggard." And it means extremely tired. A person who is what? Extremely tired. Now you are increasing the degree a bit. Pay attention here. When you are talking about an excessively tired person, you will use the term "haggard." H-A-double G-A-R-D. Right? "Jaded" means a person who is physically and mentally completely tired. Physically and mentally. Completely tired. For that, you use the term "jaded." If you can digest one more word, I'll tell you that too. I'm remembering. The word that comes up is "quiescent." Q-U-I-E-S-C-E-N-T. This is your term. And "quiescent." For example, I'll give you a phrase for it. Like, you see many volcanoes, right? Volcanoes in a "quiescent state." "Quiescent state" means in an inactive state. In an inactive state. For that, you use the term. Sir, there is a lot of information. Look, if you summarize all of this, I think the words related to laziness won't be outside of this. And one more thing, this term "insentience" is tiredness. Due to what? Just because of hunger. That you are not getting proper nutrition. Because of which you are feeling hungry. So, the person feeling hunger due to not getting proper nutrition is called "insentience." Then tell me one more thing: "indefatigable." Yes, the word "fatigue" is used for tiredness. "Fatigue." We haven't used this term. The fat people, how are they? How do they get tired very easily? Those who are fatty, how do they get tired very easily? A term called "weary" comes up. If you can write it down, tell me the spelling. Tell me the spelling of "indefatigable" once. We, we, okay, clear. No, it's an English revision arena. Look, this will be formed as "indefatigable." Now tell me, will it be G-A-B-L or do you know, it will confuse you here too, will it be G-E-A-B-L? Which one is correct? Tell me this once. Cross-check and tell me. One who never gets tired is called "indefatigable." Okay. So, sir, is all this clear? First, tell me, is everything clear up to here? "Enervated." Yes, this term of yours is missed. "Enervated" comes up. This term comes up: "enervated." "Enervated" also means tired. Energy is wasted. You can simply relate it: energy has been wasted. You can define it like this. Energy has been wasted. Because of which the person is enervated. A term called "weary" comes up. Maybe you can't tell. It's W-E-A-R-Y. It means tired. "Weary" means tired. When you wear too many clothes, you get tired easily. And there is "wary." W-A-R-Y. "Wary" means careful. A person who is very careful. That is called "wary." W-A-R-Y. Clear? Okay, fine. All good. "Dormitory." Yes, that place for sleeping. You use that term for it. Place for sleeping. Place for sleeping. That's called "dormitory." It's also made from "dorma." Sir, is all this clear? Okay, fine. Okay. Now let's move to the next word. Here you have to tell the antonym. And "vigilant." Yes, you can say that. Okay? Come to the next word. Here you have to mention, my brother, the antonym. Pay attention. Is it asking for a synonym or an antonym? The word you have is "macabre." Its actual sound is "macabre." And for this reason, this word becomes important because its spelling is asked in the exam. M-A-C-A-B-R-E. M-A-C-A-B-R-E. Right? And let me tell you one more thing. Your learning should be in active mode. It's not like you've just put your phone on play, kept the video playing, and are just watching it. Then you won't learn effectively. You have to respond properly, use your brain. Whether you comment or not doesn't matter. But think properly: yes, this could be the answer. This is formed from here. Connect it like this. "Macabre." "Macabre" means something that is very scary. Right? Something that is very what? Horrifying. Horrifying. Very scary. Now, you can learn this simply. Like, if there's a tomb. Understand simply. Like, if there's a tomb. After seeing it, what will you feel? You will feel very scared. You will be very horrified. Now, look here. "Spendthrift" is one who spends. One who wastes money and time is called a spendthrift. "Trivial" is insignificant. You can say negligible. "Skittish" is very scared. You can say a very nervous person. And "awesome" means magnificent. This will be the opposite. So, the opposite of "macabre" will be "awesome." Okay. Now, sir, the real story. The real story is that these are synonyms of "macabre" in front of you. Look at them. Like "scary," "frightened," "frightful," "awful," "horrified," "afraid," "terrifying," "spooky," "skittish," "apparition," "gruesome," "appalling." These words are basically synonyms of "macabre." But the problem is not this. You also know its meaning: it means terrible, scary, terrible, scary. The main question is what? The main question is this. Even more important than this is how you will learn this list. That is the most important thing. Like, I'll tell you a few things before this. A few words that you should know here. Like, it's a basic word. Like, you use a word "a-e." Like you use "dread." You use "fear," "fright," "terror," "terror," "horror," "horror," "phobia." These are basic words that you should know. "Trepid," "rapid." Right? Now, many words are formed from these. Like, if I tell you, I'll form words from this. Like, you said "awful." From all of these, the meaning is fear, dread, and terror. Fear, dread, and terror. Right? Like, if we make it from "a," then "awful" (scary). Like, if we make it from "dread," then "dreadless." "Dread" means. "Less" means not. It means fearless. "Fear" you know. You can make "fearful" from "fear." You can make "frightful" from it. You can make "frightful." "Terrorism," "terrorist." These will be formed from this. "Terrorism" (you call it terrorism). From "horror," "horrifying," "horrific." "Phobia," you know, is unreasonable fear. Unreasonable fear. A fear for which you cannot justify why it exists. You call that "phobia." And "trepid" means fear. And from this, your word "trepidation" is formed. "Trepidation" means fear. Now look at this word. Many words from these are formed from these. Like, this "frightened" is formed from "fright." "Frightful" is formed from "fright." "Awful" is formed from "a." "Horrified" is formed from "horror." Right? "Terrifying" is formed from "terror." So, you have cleared some words very easily. Now let's come to the remaining words. Like, "spooky" means something that is very strange. Strange. And also frightening, scary. You call that "spooky." And "skittish" means an extremely nervous person. A person who is very scared. Very nervous. "Apparition" means fear. It means fear. "Gruesome." You can remember this simply. Remember it like this: "guru-some." Some gurus are there, some teachers are there, whom you used to be afraid of in childhood. They used to beat you a lot, punish you a lot. "Appalling" means very frightening. "Afraid" is a basic word. Tell me the preposition with "afraid." We learned it yesterday. With "scary" or "scared." Tell me the preposition with this too. We discussed "scared" yesterday. Next, we move on. "Dreadful." You can remember it from "death." The word "dreadful" can be remembered from "death." You can remember "dreadful" from "death." That death-related things are very scary. "Hideous" means from which you want to hide. From which you want to move away. Those things. "Spine-chilling" means what? Something that makes your soul tremble when you see it, that is "spine-chilling." "Ghastly." Remember it from "ghost." The state you are in after seeing a ghost. How is it? "Ghastly." "Terror," you know. "Trepidation," I already told you behind. And we have discussed these basic words: "dread," "fear," "fright," "terror," and "horror," "phobia." Clear? We, we. "Scared of." Yes, remember both. One is this term, "of" with "scared," and "of" with "afraid." Simply, you learned it like this: for all those words that mean fear, you use the preposition "of." Sir, is this question clear? Come back. We have also clarified the answer, and these words are also clear to you. Okay? Move to the next one. Yes, "apprehension" means fear. "Egregious." Yes, this is a term, and it's a very good term. Look at this. "Egregious" is a term that comes up. And what is it? Extremely bad. Extremely bad. Something that is very, very bad. Although there is a story behind it. If you look, there is a story. Shall I tell you? "Greg." G-R-E-G. "Greg" means group. And "e" means out. One who is completely separate from society is looked upon very badly. Earlier, the word was used in a positive context. The entire public on one side, the king on the other. So, it was considered very good. "Egregious." If you understand it initially, then "egregious" meant "very pleasant." Right? But as this word developed, it is now used in a negative context. Something that is very shocking, very bad, very unpleasant. Those things that are outside the group, all those things are bad. So, this word is important. Remember that. It's a word formed from the root word G-R-E-G. Check this one. You don't have to focus on what's going on. It's not a revision arena. I've told you, it's going on. Okay? "Something that is juicy, tender, or full of flavor, often used for food." Anything that is juicy. Right? That has flavor. And you often use it as food. "Slopper," "siesta," "succulent," or "tacky"? Now define it and tell me what the correct answer will be. And this is in your exam. And let me tell you one more thing. Not even a single word from this that hasn't been asked in your exam, and it's impossible for me to discuss it. Okay? So, all the words I am discussing, it's not like I've searched them on the net and put them here for you. All the words you see behind are filtered. These are questions asked in SSC exams. They have all been picked from there. Like "sedentary" and others, these are all words that have been asked. Don't be under the illusion that they have been picked from anywhere and presented somehow. Now, what we are going to do is words related to food. First, understand that the correct answer will be "succulent." "Succulent" means juicy. Like, if you take a mango. Now, the Indian way of eating a mango is different. They eat it by sucking it completely. By sucking it completely. Their soul trembles. Right? So, remember "succulent" from "suck." That you are sucking its juice. Drinking it. Right? So, simply remember. What is "siesta"? It's a nap. A nap after lunch. When you have lunch, the short nap you take after that is called "siesta." An afternoon nap. A nap after lunch is called "siesta." "Tacky" is something, some food that is poor in taste. You can't taste it at all. Like "sumptuous" is very yummy taste. You say it's a delicious taste. That is called "sumptuous." And "tacky" means poor in taste. And "slopper" means something that makes your mouth water when you see it. And that is called "slopper." "Drooling" is the term used for this. Right? So, "make your mouth water" is called "slopper." Now you have answered, but the story doesn't end here. The story starts from here. Come, let's discuss. Come, let's discuss. Understand. You can call "insipid" that. You can call "insipid" "tacky." "Insipid." Something that tastes tasteless after eating. Is it "plant" or "d"? Tell me. Meaning tasteless. Come. And you can also recall this simply. "In speed." If you ate or drank something in speed, you didn't get its taste. That thing tastes tasteless. "Tacky," "insipid," or "bland" means tasteless. Correct. Now, understand the rest. This is for poor in taste. Poor in taste. Poor in taste. Like, when you live at home, you won't like home food. You will find the food "tacky." But when you live outside, in a rented place, you have to cook yourself, then you say, "What sumptuous food I make." Right? Maybe it turns out even worse. Even worse taste. Because you made it, you will feel it's very sumptuous. Very yummy taste. So, "rich in taste." You will call this "rich in taste." Rich in taste. Right? Like, you are eating golgappas in a big restaurant, and they are giving four for 400, or five for 500. Right? Then you won't get the taste. But if you are somewhere outside.
They are eating. Aren't they? Eating somewhere at the stall and they are giving you five for ten. You will like that taste. One is just because of the price. And the second is that at the time he mixes it by hand, that affection is also dissolving along with it. Isn't it? So because of this, it is sumptuous, meaning rich in taste. So keep both in mind, these are just opposite to each other. Sumptuous and tacky succulent is juicy. This is juicy. And from this juicy, remember one more term. Cocktail and mocktail. One is cocktail. And one is sir mocktail. Tell me both, what is a cocktail and what is a mocktail? What is the difference between both? We, we salt in vegetables, all those things are yours. What is a cocktail? You celebrate cocktail parties, right? It means a mixture of wine. A mixture of wine. You call that a cocktail. And mocktail is a mixture of juices. A mixture of juices. Many people are under a misconception. They think that drinking juice builds the body. Isn't it? They don't know that drinking juice does nothing. It only spikes your glucose and nothing else. Especially from drinking fruit juices. Isn't it? They think after drinking it, they feel very energetic. Slober, I told you, is when water comes to your mouth seeing something. Sista, this is a nap. A nap after lunch. And putrify is when something spoils. For example, there are many words in this. I will briefly explain them to you. For example, you say rot. Rot means to decay. The word rotten is formed from rot. Like rancid. Rancid means stale. And a very simple word you use is stale. Stale means stale. So any food that is? Stale. Rancid. Putrid. Putrid is not written. You can write putrid here. Rotten, right? Which has absolutely no taste, that thing has rotted. For this, either you see, understand one simple thing. Putrid is an adjective and putrify is a verb. Usually, when you add 'fy' at the end of a word, you use it as a suffix, and the part of speech of that word is a verb. So the difference between these two is that putrid is an adjective and putrify is a verb. Correct? But parboil is when you lightly boil something. Partially boil it. Simply remember from boil, you are boiling something, and how are you boiling it? Lightly baking it. That is called parboil. Limivorous, try to understand. What is limivorous? And before understanding this, you need to understand one thing: the term VOR means to eat. VOR means to eat. From this, the word voracious is formed. Voracious and a similar term is veracious. There is a difference between both, my brother. There is a difference between voracious and veracious. Voracious means gluttonous, someone who eats a lot. VOR is the root. It means to eat. And VER means truth. So pay attention, there is a lot of confusion between these two: what is the difference between voracious and veracious? Veracious means truthful. Truthful, and voracious means what is? Gluttonous. A foodie. Eats a lot. You call this gourmand. GOURMAND. Although this word is also derived from glut. And simply if you are asked what is the meaning of glut? Then you will say the meaning of glut is excess. It is a lot. Separately, the word can be asked from you. And from glut, the word glutton is formed. Glut means excess or excessive. And from this, the word glutton is formed. It means someone who does excessive eating, for which you use an idiom. Eat like a horse. Just as you use drink like a fish. A person who drinks a lot. That is your, uh, drinkard. Inebriated, right? And a person who eats a lot is called a gourmand, a glutton. Let's come to gastronomy. Yes, I was explaining this word to you, limivorous. VOR means to eat. OS means adjective. When you add OS as a suffix at the end of a word, the part of speech of that word will be an adjective. VR means to eat. Limivorous are animals that eat mud, silt, etc. You call them limivorous. Although we will discuss the term VR separately. Here is the term. Just understand this much. Gastronomy. You cook food in gas, right? You call this gastronomy. Art of cooking food. That is called gastronomy. And you call this cuisine. The art of preparing food is called cuisine. So both are the same. Art of cooking food. You cook food in gas. Simply remember. What is brunch? Brunch is when you combine breakfast and lunch. Breakfast plus lunch. That is called brunch. Cocktail, I told you. It is basically a mixture of wine. A wine mixer. A mixture of wine. You call that a cocktail. Mocktail is a mixture of juices. Isn't it? And beverage means any type of liquid. Especially non-alcoholic. You call that a beverage. Gourmand is a glutton. Glutton is a glutton, someone who eats a lot. One who eats too much. Eat like a horse. You can say eat like a horse. Portable, that can be drunk. That can be drunk. Yes. You can call it any soft drink. Edible is something that can be eaten. And culinary, remember this term. You might have doubts about this. You might have trouble learning it. It means can be eaten. Something that you can eat. Can be eaten. Rancid is stale. Putrid is stale. Stale, not fresh. That which is not fresh. Like you read rotten. And this word is formed from rot. R O T. R O T means to decay. Rot means to decay. From there, the word is formed. What is the meaning of culinary? It also means the art of cooking food. You can easily relate it. You can remember it as 'kal ki nari' (yesterday's woman). And yesterday's woman was an expert in preparing food, an expert in the art of cooking. So today's woman cannot be trusted, right? So remember 'kal ki nari' simply for culinary. Okay, is that clear? So all these terms are clear to you. Otherwise, look quickly. Tacky is poor taste. Sumptuous is rich food. Luxurious food. Succulent is juicy. Slober is when saliva drips from the mouth, meaning water is coming to your mouth. Sista is a nap. After lunch. Putrify means to rot. For something to rot, to decay. Parboil is when you lightly boil something. Limivorous are those organisms that basically do what? Eat mud, silt, soil, etc. You call them limivorous. Gastronomy is the science of good eating. Cuisine is the art of cooking food. Brunch, I told you, is called by combining breakfast and lunch. Cocktail is a drink. And what kind of drink? Especially made with alcohol. Beverage is any type of liquid. Gourmand and glutton are gluttons. Culinary is related to cooking or the kitchen. Okay, tell me, what is that word 'scullery'? Tell me. What is the meaning of scullery? Portable means drinkable. And remember from pot. Pot means vessel. You drink water from a vessel, right? Edible means something that can be eaten. Rancid and putrid means rotten. Voracious means someone who eats a lot. Scullery, I was asking you this. A place where utensils are washed. And this word is asked to you, the meaning of scullery. A place where utensils are washed. For example, you say the room attached to the kitchen where utensils are washed is called a utensil. Sir, this is clear. We have talked about macabre. Then this one-word question is also clear. You have answered it, right? Yes. Okay. Let's move to the next one. Let's move to the next one. And here you have to tell this idiom and idiom. Snake like a leaf. This is an idiom and you have to tell its meaning. Old flame, and interestingly, all four of these are idioms. An old flame, hurt in your mouth, put one's foot down, rat race. Which of these do you think is correct? Are things becoming clear, what you are learning from the past? Yes, you have to revise two to three times. At least twice. Most things will become clear. And if you study by relating, then things become even easier for you. Old flame means old love, right? Old love, about which you say, like you heard that Sonu, my darling, I am remembering my childhood love. That child has disappeared. An old flame means old love, right? First, understand this. Snake like a leaf. Like you are going somewhere and suddenly on the way, a leaf is lying like this, or usually you say, you are confused, is it a rope or a snake? Many times, seeing a rope, you get scared, thinking it might be a snake. So that's it, just like this, snake like a leaf. Like a leaf, like a leaf. It means you are frightened. It means you are frightened. You are scared. Here the correct idiom will be 'hurt in your mouth', right? The heart has come into the mouth. It means you are extremely tired. Extremely frightened. Put one's foot down. You are opposing something. Opposing something. Like you have heard Amrish Puri's famous dialogue. No, this marriage cannot happen at all. So that's it, put one's foot down. You are resolutely opposing something. Rat race means what is that cut-throat competition? You call this cut-throat competition, where everyone is trying to cut each other's throats. It is a rat race. You can call it a cut-throat competition. So, sir, the correct answer is this. But here we are going to discuss idioms related to fear. Let's look at them one by one. See, these are idioms related to fear, understand. Afraid of one's own shadow. When a person is scared, sometimes they get very scared of their own shadow. Isn't it? They feel like someone is coming from behind, and they see their own shadow and get scared. So afraid of your own shadow. Getting scared of your own shadow. It means a person who is very frightened, very scared. You have already done this. Heart in your mouth. Snake like a leaf. You have done this too. Inspiring fear means fear. You can relate it from here. Cold feet means to become fearful. A chill to the heart. Right? This also means to be fearful. So these are words that mean to be fearful. Look at them once. Afraid of your own shadow. A very timid type of person. Gets scared easily. Chill to the heart means frightened. Snake like a leaf means extremely frightened. Have cold feet means to become too scared to do something. Heart in your mouth means feeling extreme fear or suspense. Let's move on. One minute, understand. Let's move on. Dishonesty is always detrimental. And here you have to fill. Here you have to fill the preposition. You will get a lot of information related to this. Understand once. Just see. Okay, no, no, it will be snake. Please cross-check and tell me. Anyway, it will be snake. Snake like a leaf. See, what is detrimental? Understand. Detrimental means harmful. I will tell you small pairs that will help you. Words that mean harmful, that mean harmful. With all of them, use the preposition 'to'. Tell me the words? I have told you one word. Detrimental. Detrimental. Like you use harmful. Harmful. Although an opposite word comes to these, which is beneficial. Beneficial means beneficial. So detrimental, harmful, injurious. For things that are harmful to your health, you use the term injurious. Pernicious. You call this pernicious. Pernicious means harmful. Detrimental, harmful, injurious, pernicious. Like you use fatal. Fatal means deadly, which causes death. Yes, jeopardy. You use the term for it. But you don't use 'to' with it. And these are your terms with which you will use 'to'. You can add one more word here: menace. All of these mean danger. So one term you should simply remember. Simply, words that mean dangerous, use the preposition 'to' with them. And beneficial, meaning beneficial, you will also use 'to' with this. Okay, tell me, along with addicted, there is another term that means to be accustomed to something. To be used to something. Basically, you can say. What is that word? And with both, you use the preposition 'to'. Tell me this too. How many types of prepositions do you use with admit? You use two types. Which ones? Tell me. What do you use with refer? What do you use with equal? There is one more word similar to equal, tantamount. Tantamount. See, the first is addicted and accustomed. One word is this, and remember, you usually use addicted in a negative sense. Addicted means to be a habitué. For example, if a person habitually drinks, you say he is addicted to drinking. Accustomed to hard work. You usually use this in formal contexts. Admit is used for a place. And admit is used for excuses. There is a difference between both. You put 'to' with refer. You put 'to' with equal. You put 'to' with tantamount. Both have the same meaning. The meaning is the same, but the preposition is also the same. But you cannot use them like this. 2 and 2 = 4. Tantamount is used in a slightly different context. Like his silence is tantamount to his crime. His silence was equivalent to his crime. It was defining the crime. You can say that. Okay, like you use this term, 'prefer'. To dislike. Access to. Access to means reach. Access to reach. Admit to. To admit somewhere. Here the correct answer will be. That will be to. Okay, there is no point in discussing those. These are basic childish things, that I should tell you what we do with prefer and preferable? We use 'to'. You already know. Indifferent. One word is this, indifferent. To become indifferent. Indifference, or you use apathetic. And both have the same meaning. And with both, what preposition will you use? That will be 'to'. For now, in yesterday's class, I told you with a view to. With a view to. With a view. And you also read another term, if you remember, look forward to. With both, you use 'to'. Both phrases are asked a lot. Another question arises: we use a gerund after them. Accustomed uses a reflexive pronoun. That is also asked to you. So here the correct answer will be, that will be to. Okay, I told you to read voice and narration because there is no point in teaching voice and narration here. If we discuss them, other things will be missed. So you have voice and narration. I said videos are available on YT. You can watch them from anywhere. If you have studied from somewhere else, then you don't need to study. You can directly solve questions because here I will give you tricky questions on voice and narration. The curd smelt so. Let's check. Okay, the passive of these verbs of senses is made differently. For example, here it says the curd is met sour. So first you write the curd. What is the tense? It is past, second form. So you will use was or were. So you will not use is. Was or were will come. Curd is singular, so you will go with was. Correct, sir? You should not have any doubt here. So first, what do you do? Where these verbs of senses are, use was or were, is, am, are, whatever you need according to the tense. Use the term after that. Then you have to use this phrase with 'when'. If it is present, define it in the present. If it is past, define it in the past. So will it be it was smelling or it was smelt? It is not continuous, so it will not be formed. Usually, with verbs of senses like this, we add a 'when' clause. And it will be when it was smelt. And the answer will be option number third. I think everyone's is correct. But I will give you a question. Convert it once and tell me. What will be its correct answer? Like this example. Tell me. These fruits. These fruits. These fruits smell bitter. Convert it once and tell me. What will be its correct passive? You have to do it on the same pattern as you did. Try it once. What will you do? You said these fruits. These fruits. This is written incorrectly. Correct it. Now see if it is present or past. Smells means it is present, so 'are' will come. Are bitter. Bitter. Now you have to add the 'when' phrase. When they are smelt. It is present, so you will use present. They are smelt. Correct, sir. Very good, mind-blowing. Yes, it is a sloth animal. Perhaps I said bird? It is an animal. Correct it. Yes, see, this is a narration question again. Try it once. The teacher asked the students which lines of the poems they had not understood. The teacher asked the students. Which lines of the poem did you not understand? This is already indirect. You have to convert it to direct. I mean, you have to tell which one will be correct in direct. Try it. Pray to bird will not be. Pray of bird will be. You are telling it wrong. See, this is pray to God. P R A Y. This means to pray. Pray to God. This will be. And prey of birds. P R E Y. It means to catch. Prey of birds. There is a difference between these two. This, this. Now, the first question, understand one thing. When you convert direct to indirect, you convert interrogative sentences into assertive. Now, from here, it is known that the sentence was interrogative. You have used 'asked'. Secondly, I am eliminating two options here. Option C.
And one option D. Understand the reason because here it is written "you have" and "they had". This means it is assertive. Subject first, verb later. Subject first, verb later. So we don't want to do that. We want interrogative. Interrogative "have they" and here "had you". Now let's check both. Look at the rest of the difference. The teacher said to the students, "Which of which lines of the poems had have they not understood?" And here, "had you not understood?" Do you know who you are going with? The second thing we need to understand here is that since there are "students" here, "you" must have been there. Understand this point. For now, you have used "had not understood", past perfect. Present perfect can also be changed to past perfect. And if it remains past perfect, it will also be changed to past perfect. Right? Past perfect will remain past perfect. Now, you will change "you" according to "students", only then "they" will come. So this means "you" must have been there, and if "you" was there, that is why option number second. Tell me, do you agree that the reason this "they" came is because of the point you discussed here? Just because you must have used "you" for "students". "You" will change according to "students", then it will become "they". I have to tell you the homonym of "invalid". And among these four words, one is a homonym of "invalid". Check it. Well, before understanding the meaning of "invalid", let me tell you the meaning of "tear". "Tear" has two meanings. One "tear" will be tears. You know that. And "tear" means to rip something, to tear it. So it has two meanings. Okay? Homonym means you know one meaning. The second meaning is given here. "Produce" also has two meanings, sir. What are the two meanings? "Produce" means to make, and "produce" means goods. "Contract" also has two meanings. Understand this. One "contract" is to shrink, to shrink something. And "contract" means a type of agreement, a pact. Right? Similarly, "invalid" also has two meanings. The first meaning of "invalid" is not valid, not lawful. And the second is a sick person. You would use this term for a person who is sick, ill. The correct answer here will be option number third. Okay, sir. Move on to the next one. Yes, a very important segment, phrasal verbs. Right? Let's discuss. First, tell me the answer. What do you think? Down, out, on, forward. Which one is correct? She put a new plan for the school event. The correct answer was correct. Is the level of the test okay? It's not that it's completely easy. Does it seem easy to you? Tell me, will "down", "out", "on", or "forward" come here? Before doing this, I will explain it to you completely. First, look at the correct answer here. Answer it. Then I will explain. The correct answer here will be "put forward". Why? Understand the reason. To understand this, come here. Now let's start. Let's understand the phrasal verbs of "put". You know? In one slide, all the phrasal verbs of "put" will be clearly explained with all their meanings. Let's start with "put on". "Put on" means to wear something. Okay, "put off" will be its opposite, to unwear. To unwear. The second meaning of "put on" is to gain weight. Gain weight. To gain weight. Like, he gained 5 kg. You say "put". Okay, before this, let me tell you one more meaning. "Wear" and "put on" means to open. Similarly, "put off" means to close something. He closed the TV. He closed the door. That is called "put off". Right? So, understand these two meanings of "put on" and "put off" first. "Put on" means to wear. So "unwear" is its opposite. "Put on" means to open. So "put off" means to close. This much should be clear. And besides this, "put off" has one more meaning, that will be postpone. To postpone something. The meeting has been put off. The meeting has been postponed. Understand one more thing. "Call off" is similar to this. "Call off" means to cancel. That thing will not happen again. That is called "call off". "Call off" means to cancel completely. And "put up" means to postpone, to extend it to a later date. "Put on" has one more meaning, to organize something. But this last meaning is not seen very frequently. Let me explain again. "Put on", "put off". Then I will take you to the questions. Look, I said how many meanings does "put on" have? The first meaning of "put on" is to wear something. The second meaning of "put on" is to open something. The third meaning of "put on" is to gain weight. To gain weight. And the fourth meaning is to organize something. Although you can skip this if you want. Just understand these three meanings, and it will be enough for you. And "put up" means unwear, close, and postpone. Correct, sir. Let's come to "put out". Look, "put out" means to extinguish something. "Put out" means to extinguish. Like, he put out the candle. "Put out the candle". To extinguish. To extinguish means to put out. To put out something. And "put out" means to release something. You need to remember these two meanings of "put out". One is to extinguish, and the second is to release. "Fire" was put out. The fire was put out. A new book was released. That is also called "put out". So, "put out" has two meanings. The first meaning of "put out" is to extinguish, to calm something down. And the second meaning is to release. "Put forward" means to suggest something, to suggest a plan, to suggest an idea. To suggest an idea or a plan. That is called "put forward". "Put forward" and "put up with". This is the easiest. To tolerate something, to bear something. You use this term. "Bear with". "Bear with" also means to tolerate. So, these are two meanings. To tolerate, to bear with. And one more is left. That will be "put down". "Put down" has two things. Look, "put away" is not here. I will explain "put away". Let's look at one more. "Put down". "Put down". And one more comes, "put away". "Put away". "Put away" means to keep something. Put something in the proper place. To keep something in the right place. That is called "put away". "Put away" and "put down" means to insert. To insult someone. To criticize someone. You can say to insert or to criticize. Another meaning is formed, like if there is a table and you are placing something on it, that is also called "put down". Place something. In the case of "place something", both are formed. "Put down" and "put away". Now I will clarify with some examples. Look, understand. I said "should she put on". I will give you questions now. You will have to solve them. First, understand this point. She put on her jacket. She wore her jacket. If you had said "put off" here, she would have taken off her jacket. Right? Put on her shoes. Wore shoes. You can also say "put off" here. Please put on the fan. Turn on the fan. You can also do this. Put off the fan. Turn off the fan. She put on the television. Turned on the television. And you can also say "put off". It will give the exact opposite meaning. Uh, he put on 5 kilos last year. He gained 5 kilos last year. And this is in the sense of weight gain. This term is in the sense of weight gain. School will put on a play. So this is the meaning of organizing. If you remember, fine. Otherwise, you can skip it. Otherwise, look. From here to here, and I will give you some more examples. Then I will take you to the questions. What did the firefighters do? They put out the fire, extinguished it. Please put out the candle. Put out the candle. The company put out a new project. Now here, "put out" means to release. Not necessarily "put out". Look, "put out" had two meanings. Remember. The first meaning of "put out" was to extinguish. To extinguish is the first meaning. And the second meaning is to release something. Right? Like the school has issued a new notice. The company has released a new product. "Put down" means to place something. She put her bag on the table. She wrote your name on the paper. He always puts down his classmates. He always criticizes his classmates. Here, the second meaning of "put down". Remember, "put down" has two meanings. The first meaning of "put down" is to put something in a place. And the second meaning of "put down" is to insult someone. To criticize someone. So he always puts down his classmates, meaning he criticizes them. "Put forward" means to present a plan or idea. So what did she do? She put forward a new plan for the school event. Her name was put forward as the monitor. "Put away" means to keep. You read this, "put away". To keep something in the right place. That is called "put away". She put the books away in their proper place after class. She put away the dishes. She put away some money every month. So she saved some money every month. The criminal was put away for five years. He was kept in jail for 5 years. Now the real story begins for you. Come on. "Put on" means to pretend. Okay, "put on" means to pretend. Double-check this once, it doesn't seem proper to me. Double-check it once. Okay, solve this question, my brother. Come on, look at the first one. We had to put the meeting until next week. What will come? On, off, about, to? Now what is it saying? We will have to "put off" the meeting until next week. It means postpone. The first one is clear? Tell me. The first one is correct. Correct? Come on. Come to the second one. She put her cat before leaving. Define it. "Put off" means postpone. Yes, okay. In the first one, it was the meaning of postpone. Come to this one. Before leaving, she did what to her coat? Unwore it. I have put on new pounds over the holidays. So she has made some savings during the holidays. Right? What has she done? Made some savings. "Put away" basically had two meanings. If you look, to place something. You can also say that. And the second is to save. You can say this meaning. So "put away" will come. Next, the firefighters put out the blaze quickly. The firefighters extinguished the fire that was burning. "Put off", "put out", "to", "put up with". And to extinguish a fire, you read "put out". "Put out" means to extinguish. Option number second. I can't put this noise any longer. I can't tolerate this noise for much longer. Brother, Fat Man, Fat Man, I'm not saying Fat Man, I'm saying Fat Man, okay? Otherwise, I have no idea. Ask the sir. What are you doing? You are asking big questions in small classes. Huh? Look, what is this? I can't put this noise any longer. "Put up with" means to tolerate. Its meaning will be. Please put your toys after playing. Okay, okay. After playing, put your toys in their place. What will come? Away, up, with, forward. The correct answer will be "put away". "Put away" means to keep something in its proper place. He always puts me in front of others. He always does what in front of others? He always insults me. You want to take that meaning. And what will be the meaning of insulting? That will be "put down". "Put down" means to insult. She put her bag on the table. She placed her bag on the table. Yes, look, actually there is a difference between both. "Put down" means to place something down. To place something on a surface. To place something in its proper place. That is called "put away". There is a slight difference. "Put down" is here. It's not there. 1 minute. "Put down" should come. It should be "down" here. Next, they put a tent in the backyard. They established a tent. Now look at this. Which "put" will be formed? "About" will not come. "With", "upon" are not there. "Put on" will come. Come here. He put a new proposal during the meeting. He presented a new proposal during the meeting. What will come? "Put forward" to represent. So, all these things are clear. Now let's come to the last two questions. Two or three questions are remaining. Let's talk about them. Look, okay. Here it is saying that this "a tedious man". What is this? Adjective phrase, adverbial phrase, noun phrase, and prepositional phrase. I am explaining some phrases to you in today's class. I will explain some phrases in tomorrow's class, and the phrases will be completely covered. Understand one thing. What does a phrase mean? First, understand this. A phrase means a group of words. A group of words that is meaningful is called a phrase. It will have a minimum of more than one word. Now understand about all phrases. If a phrase has a noun in it, then you will call it a noun phrase. Besides the noun, it may have an adjective. It may have an adverb. It may have only a noun. It may not have a single noun. It may have a noun + determiner. It may have a noun + adjective. It may have a noun + adjective + adverb. Meaning, the presence of a noun is mandatory. So it is a noun phrase. Let's come to the second one. Adjective phrase. In an adjective phrase, you will only find adjectives. You may find only an adverb. Right? But the presence of an adjective is compulsory. If it is an adjective, it is an adjective phrase. If it is an adjective + adverb, it is also an adjective phrase. So this is an adjective phrase. Only an adjective or an adjective with an adverb is an adjective phrase. In adverbial, there will be only adverbs. Right? So, this is an adverb phrase. Sir, this one is also clear. Prepositional phrase. It is a prepositional phrase. It is very easy. You write a preposition. Then you write a noun or pronoun, and you call this a PO, a prepositional phrase. That's all. A very simple story. Understand this. I said "a tedious man". You have to define only this much. Only this much. "A" means article. "Man" means noun. And the word "tedious" is an adjective. So, sir, it is a noun, so it will be a noun phrase. Obviously. Here you go, it's clear. It's not a clause. It's a phrase. In a clause, you basically find a verb. You find a combination of subject + verb. But if you understood this point, then explain these words to me. Tell me about these words. What is it trying to say? Look, understand. It says "she will sully and quickly and quietly". You have to tell about this. "You cannot pass without hard work". "On being punished". "Monotonous tiring". It is only telling about two. Remember, "journey" is not with it. "Journey" is not underlined. "A very costly book". You have to tell about this. "An umbrella". "An unreliable person". You have to tell about this. Okay, in the first question of yesterday, if you look, what did I do? I did "none of the above". Its option number third will be correct. Which one was it? The right one was correct, right? I probably said "adverb" correctly. My attention was not on it when I was ticking the answer at the end. So, hopefully, you have corrected it. Although I explained the whole thing properly. Look, adverbs are formed from "ly". Basically, just remember this. So, this is an adverb phrase. Correct. "Without" here is a preposition, and a phrase formed from a preposition will be a prepositional phrase. "On" is a preposition, so you don't need to think much. This will be a prepositional phrase. "They undertook a monotonous and tiring journey". "Monotonous" and "tiring". Journey how? The word "journey" is a noun. But it is not underlined. Remember. If "monotonous tiring journey" was underlined, then it would be a noun phrase. But here, only "monotonous" and "tiring" are to be told, and both are adjectives. That is why it is an adjective phrase. Listen carefully again. If "journey" was underlined, then you would go with a noun phrase. If "journey" is not underlined, then it is an adjective phrase. "I bought a very costly book". And it is underlining up to "book". So this is a noun. This is an adjective. This is an adverb. This is your article. So it means it is a noun phrase, so you don't have to think. Just like in this one, the word "person" is a noun, "unreliable" is an adjective, "an" is an article. So again, you will say noun phrase. Correct? All clear? Did you understand this? Tell me, did you understand these four phrases? In simple present tense. Okay, which question was it? It should be "puts" with "C". Where was it? Was there a mistake somewhere? Yes, here "she put". But this is the second form, right? Here "put". This could also be the second form. Right? And this one, yes, this will also be the second form. Because all three forms of "put" will be the same. Oh, check this one once. Define it. It says "I supported him a few years back". Tell me about this term. About "tigers and lions". About "all the mangoes". Try it once. Prepositional phrase is very easy. If there is a preposition. Look, and after the preposition, you usually put a noun or pronoun. This phrase is called PO, prepositional phrase. So it is very easy to identify. If a preposition is placed first, then it will be a prepositional phrase. Look at this one. The word "mangoes" is a noun. Now, since it is a noun, you don't need to explain anything further. This becomes a noun phrase. Come here. "Tigers" and "lions" are both nouns. Since they are nouns, sir, this is a noun phrase. "I supported him". "I" is the subject, "supported" is the verb, "him" is the object. When did I support him? Time related to the verb. Look, when you take a verb and ask when an action happened. When did an action happen? For this, you need an adverb. So here it will be an adverb. And remember, "back" here is not a noun. So it will be "a few years back". This is an adverb. It is asking for the whole thing. And it is the reply to "when" from the verb. Basically, it is clear. Come on. Okay? All good. Good all.
All good, all good, all good. It's correct. Look at this one. These are very, very excellent spelling questions that I am giving you. These spelling questions are absolutely filtered. When you study them, you will find out that these spellings are asked most of the time. But you usually don't study them. For example, the spelling of 'hygiene' comes God knows how many times. The spelling of 'pronounceable' comes God knows how many times, right? 'Commitment' is a spelling that has been asked multiple times, God knows how many. Tell me, which one is correct among these? You said, "Find out the correct spelling." Let's start with 'commitment'. 'Commit' should have a double 'm'. 'Commitment', right? It should have a double 'm'. The double 'm' is missing here. So this is incorrect. Let's move to the second one. 'Hygiene' will be written like this: H-Y-G-I-E-N-I-C. This will be 'hygienic'. And 'pronounceable'. Remember, and I knew you would go for 'sensible' because it's a foreign expression word, right? It's a foreign expression word, you will definitely go for it, whereas this is totally correct. 'Pronounceable' is incorrect. It will be P-R-O-N-O-U-N-C-E-A-B-L-E. These will be its correct spellings. Remember, it's very, very, very important. It is asked a lot. The correct answer here was the last one, which you are marking as incorrect. Next, come on. So there are two of your P-Q-R-S questions. Try them.
It is impossible to know all the rules of any language. It is almost impossible to know all the rules of any language. It takes both time and practice. It requires time and practice. Advertisements that claim to teach a language in 60 days are all lies. Advertisements that claim to teach you a language in 60 days are completely false. Learning a language is a lifelong job. Learning a language is a lifelong job, and you don't need to think about it. He has already mentioned 'A' as the first one. So you don't need to think about which will be the opening statement. So it says, "It is impossible to know all the rules of any language." Knowing all the rules of a language is almost impossible. Bring this point. "Learning a language is a lifelong job." Learning a language is a lifelong job, and here a pair of 'D' with 'B' is forming. It's a mandatory pair. In doing so, this lifelong process takes time and requires patience. It's not like you will learn everything in one day. And in the end, you will conclude that advertisements, those who claim that they will make you a master in 60 days, especially in languages, are completely false. Yours will be, first of all, 'A' will come. A-D-B. A-D-B. Option number D will come. Check it. Another one. Come to the next one.
It says, "He became rich and built on their father's business." He became rich. Who is 'he' referring to? You need to write it down. He became rich and he expanded his father's business. "After their father's death." Whose father died? Who is 'their' referring to? "The greedy Qasim married a wealthy woman." So the greedy Qasim married a wealthy woman. "Alibaba married a poor woman and settled into the trade of a woodcutter." Alibaba married a poor woman and became a woodcutter. "Alibaba and his elder brother." Ah, 'their' is referring to them. "Qasim were the sons of a merchant." Ah, first you will introduce them, so obviously 'D' will be first. 'D' will be the opening statement. Who are you talking about? Alibaba and his brother Qasim, right? So 'D' will be the opening statement. If 'D' is the opening, then these two are formed. The second thing is, after the father's death, what will you do next? You will define this statement that after the father's death, the greedy Qasim married a wealthy woman and became rich. He expanded his father's business. So this will simply be 'D' with 'B'. 'B' with 'A'. Now match them. D-B-A. D-B-A is not here. D-B-A is here. And finally, let's come to the passage. The level will increase. I told you, you want everything according to yourself. I said many people have problems with reading. So I will take you step by step. This week things will be easy. Next week will be a bit moderate. Then they will gradually increase. You are learning now that learning is a lifelong process. It will go slowly. Come on, let's discuss. Okay, let's extract the keywords first from the passage. Then let's come to the questions.
The size of the workforce in Brazil and the number of kids at home and parents sustained will obviously have a great impact on the extent of poverty in Brazilian households. So this poverty in Brazil, what are its causes? The demographic transition that has been ongoing in Brazil for the past few decades. Due to this situation, there is poverty. Helped in reducing poverty, fewer children born in poor families, and that's fewer children who ended up involved in street violence. Because of this, children are involved in these kinds of drugs, gangs, etc. Pushed their kids to go to school, education, of course, the situation which is prevalent in Brazilian slums. Okay, you have found all these things. Now, come to the question. According to the passage, which of the following doesn't have an impact on the extent of poverty in Brazilian households? You found this at the beginning. Right? Which of these has not impacted the poverty of Brazilian households? Number of kids at home, size of the workforce, parents, and nature of the job. Now, look at it. You are finding this at the beginning. The size of the workforce, that's one. Number of kids, that's the second. The third is parents. You found all three. So, obviously, the fourth option will not be there. And it says, "will obviously have a great impact on the extent of poverty." So, this point is clear. Number of kids at home, it is given. Size of the workforce is given. Parents are given. Nature of the job is not there. Option number D.
What has helped Brazil in reducing poverty? What has helped reduce poverty? Education of kids, demographic transition, Brazilian lifestyle, imitation of peaceful activities. Now, check it. You have just discussed this. I said, extract keywords, small ones. You found this keyword here. Look here. "The demographic transition that has been ongoing in Brazil for the past few decades has helped." It has helped in reducing poverty. Reducing poverty. What has helped? Demographic transition. Now, even if you can't extract the meaning, the answer will be clear. You can understand the gist. According to the passage, Brazilian children born in poor families were not involved in what kind of offensive activities? So, in what kind of activities are they not involved? It says. So, you just read about which activities they are involved in. Children are not sent to school. It basically says this. Pulling, gangs, street violence, or drugs. Now, look here. You found this point in the very first paragraph. "More parents were then able to push their kids to go to school and get an education." Right? And before this, read. It says, "fewer children that ended up involved in street violence." That's the first point. They are involved in street violence, involved in drugs, involved in gangs. They are involved in these things. So, it says in what are they not involved? It says in what are they not involved? So, in gangs, street violence, and drugs, the correct answer will be 'all of them'.
What has impacted education poverty in Brazil more than the speed of demographic transition itself? Ah, this one was not found in the first part, if you look. So, for this, we will have to read the second part. Look, it says, "And since this transition happened economically, around 50% growth in GDP over three decades, overall the change in family structure and Brazilian lifestyle has had a much greater impact on reducing poverty." Look, you found it here. What does it say? "The change in family structure," that's the first point. Second, what is it? "Brazilian lifestyle." Both have reduced poverty. Now, look here, which one is given? In the fourth one, you will see Brazilian lifestyle. Change in... no, this is not it. This is... yes, sorry, it is. Brazilian lifestyle. Change in family structure, that was also there. Awareness among citizens. That is not there. And this one will be yours. Both Brazilian lifestyle and change in family structure.
One last question. What does the term 'Fabs' mean? Fabulous? What does 'fabulous' mean? Now, 'fabulous' must have been given somewhere in the middle. Find it out first. In the second part, it doesn't seem to be anywhere. It's not in the second part. It must be in the first. Look here, we have read up to here. Look just beyond that. "Of course, the situation is still pretty bad in Brazilian slums." And they have called slums 'fabulous'. Look, you have written 'fabulous' in brackets for slums. So, this point is also clear, your last one. So, here it will be slums. States are not there. Interest rates prevailing in Brazil. Labor supply is not there. The correct answer will be option number second.
So, what was the score? I think there were 19 questions in this. Right? I think only 19 questions could be done. 14 plus 5, only 19 were done. It could be done today. One is missing, I don't know which one. Which topic is missing. For now, yesterday you were in quite large numbers, today quite few. Maintain consistency. Even if you can't watch live, watch the recorded one. It is important for you. Okay? Thank you so much. And please tell us your score later in the comments. Also, comment on how you liked the class. And definitely tell us how you are finding the level-wise questions, and how much you are improving from the class. You will get a very good idea after five lectures whether you are improving or not. Slums, aren't they like huts and shacks? They are called that. The timing is 5:30 PM, 3:30 PM. Okay? Thank you so much for attending this session. Thank you. Jai Hind. We will meet tomorrow. The PDF will be available, and digital notes might be ready a little late, I think. So you might get them with a little delay. For those who don't know, PDFs will be available on the Parmar SSC Telegram channel. Okay? Thank you so much. I don't think there are any doubts. Any question that you have doubts about, it shouldn't be there, and clear it day by day. Today the score is this much, tomorrow it is this much. Work out day by day. Believe me, when you are doing the last class of this segment, you will have learned a lot, and your score will start boosting up nicely. Okay. Thank you so much.