Transcription
It's Medicos. It's perfection, Alice. It's my series on hematology and oncology. Quick question for you: is leukemia and lymphoma considered hematology or oncology? The answer is: it can be either one. Why hematology? Because they are blood disorders. Why oncology? Because these are cancers. Okay, so whether you call it hematology or oncology, I don't care.
Now, chronic leukemias include CML and CLL. Okay, the cells are more mature, and the patient is older and wiser. Roenick leukemia: it's a leukemia; it's a cancer; so it's a monoclonal disorder of the late hematopoietic stem cell. Late means the cells are small; they are more mature, but of course, they are still non-functioning. Why? Because it's a cancer. Okay. Hey, hello, it's cancer, so it's not functioning. Oh, I thought that like having 10,000 white blood cells is good, so having 50,000 white blood cells is even better, so we can fight infections more? Wrong. These cells are non-functioning; they are going to kill you, baby. Cool. Patients are older, cells are smaller, the onset is more insidious; that's why it's chronic leukemia. So acute: it's an abrupt, it's not rapid onset. The answer: this insidious. The cells are more mature; very few blasts. The blasts are the immature cells, so they will be less than 10%.
Nicolle features of chronic leukemia: the onset of signs and symptoms is insidious, slower. This is the wiser leukemia for the wise guys, the seniors. There is generalized painless lymph adenopathy. And again, lymph adenopathy can be painless in cases of cancer; they can be painful in cases of infection. Hepatosplenomegaly. To the lab: in chronic leukemia, the peripheral blood will see normocytic leukemia, maybe macrocytic due to folate deficiency due to rapid cell turnover due to anemia. Thrombocytopenia may exist except in CML where some of the patients can have thrombocytosis. White blood cells can be less than 10,000, oh, up to more than 100,000. Wow. Very few blasts, less than 10%, because it's a chronic leukemia; cells are more mature. In CML, we can find basophilia or increased number of basophils in the blood. In the bone marrow, it's hypercellular; blasts are less than 10 percent; very few blasts for you. Okay. Now, because this is mature leukemia, less than 10% blasts; instead of that, you have what? You have cytes, mature cells. And we are done for the chronic leukemias introduction.
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