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The Mortal Era Ends: Michio Kaku on AI, Immortality, Consciousness & the Future [INTERVIEW]

This Is The World18:35

Transcription

We may be able to alter ourselves to

create ourselves to populate the

universe. The question [music] of

immortality

is on the table. We may exist in a world

where artificial intelligence is [music]

the norm. It will be able to manipulate

matter, manipulate energy, manipulate

life itself in a way that we would

consider to be magic. Instead of trying

to readapt Mars, why not readapt

ourselves? This is science fiction, but

it's possible.

>> The This is World Channel is partnered

with IQM, one of the world's largest

quantum computing companies. Let's say

that one day you allowed to meet your

ancestor. Your ancestor who lived a few

hundred years from now and you were to

talk to your ancestor about airplanes,

about rockets, about computers, what

would your ancestor think? Your ancestor

would think you're crazy. What? Images

from the ether? What? Journeying to the

moon? What? Computers that can calculate

a million times faster than the human

brain. What are you talking about? So

our ancestors would think that we live

in a world of science fiction. We live

in a world of trains and rockets and and

atomic bombs that our ancestors would

think is impossible. So if we were to

visit one of our children, our great

great great grandchildren a few hundred

years from now, what would we think of

them?

You see, our answers would think of us

being wizards. Wizards that can create

images out of nowhere. Image wizards

that can communicate around the world

instantaneously.

That's what our ancestor would think of

us, that we are wizards. What would we

think of our children's children's

children?

We would think of them as being gods.

And so, in other words, the world of the

future is a world similar to mythology,

a world of the gods.

So, our great great great grandkids,

they will live in a world where we can

control life. where we can control

matter and energy, things that are

impossible today, but is the play thing

of God's

>> uncontrolled reality. That's our future.

>> That could be it. That we would be able

to control reality, control life,

control matter. We would think of that

today as the world of magicians and and

voodoo artists, but that could be the

world of our great great grandkids. I

think a 100 years from now, our

descendants will live like the Greek

gods of the ancient times. They will be

able to manipulate matter, manipulate

energy, manipulate life itself in a way

that we would consider to be magic. we

would be able to manipulate our genome.

Today we can manipulate our genome one

gene at a time. In the future, we'll be

able to manipulate our genome perhaps as

an entire quantity, not just one gene at

a time and able therefore to alter the

course of life itself. So in other

words, instead of using this technology

to heal, to be able to cure diseases, we

may be able to alter ourselves

to create ourselves to populate the

universe. In other words, we may

ultimately change the destiny of the

human race itself. For example, if we

colonize Mars,

realize that Mars has a different

gravitational field, different

atmosphere, different temperature.

Instead of trying to readapt Mars, why

not readapt ourselves

to remodify ourselves so that we can

survive in these environments around the

universe? And so instead of looking at

planets with hostile environments, why

not alter ourselves so that we can

survive in these? This is science

fiction, but it's possible. One of the

great frontiers is the human brain.

Throughout history, the human brain was

basically a black box. And just

recently, we're beginning to understand

that there are mechanical analoges to

the thinking process. And eventually

we'll realize that the brain is in part

quantum mechanical and this is where

quantum computers come in. Quantum

computers already exist and they in some

sense compute somewhat similar to what

the human brain would compute if it's

quantum mechanical. The digital world is

deterministic. The digital world is

Newtonian.

But a quantum computer

exists in a world of quantum mechanics.

It exists in a world of infinite states.

And these already exist. We have quantum

computers. They're not ready for prime

time yet. But the ones that we've built

so far are millions of times more

powerful than any digital computer

today. The problem is they can only work

on one problem at a time. They're not

allpurpose like a digital computer

today. Can add, subtract, do many things

simultaneously. A quantum computer can

only do one quantum mechanical operation

at a given time. But they are in

principle millions of times more

powerful than any digital computer. And

many people think that could be the

future. The future is when we have

quantum computers that are millions of

times more powerful than anything on

your desktop today. And so we're talking

about a new era where we can change

ourselves. Now this means that the

question of immortality

is on the table. There are two kinds of

immortality.

One is digital immortality and one is

organic immortality.

Digital immortality is when you create a

clone of yourself that is mechanical

that has basically many of your

memories, thought patterns and looks

like you. And the first generation of

these digital immortals has already

existed.

What we do is we create a a image of

yourself

that moves and talks and you talk to

this image and this image is accessed as

a tape recorder that has interview you

and got your entire biography.

This was done with William Shatner of

Star Trek fame. For several days, he was

interviewed about his life, his ideas,

his thoughts, his history, and it was

put into an image of him that will live

forever. So this is digital immortality.

Something which is attainable today in

fact rather primitive today but it's

possible to attain digital immortality

so that you can have a conversation with

your great great great great great

grandkids about life in the 21st

century. Digital immortality is when you

can keep your secrets to yourself

because what you do is you speak in

front of a tape recorder that creates an

image of you talking in real time and

people asking you questions and you

answering them. So digital immortality

is something that is attainable today

and it would make your thoughts visible

forever and you would be able to have a

conversation with your great great great

great great grandkids. Okay. But if you

have secrets, you can keep your secrets

to yourself. So your secrets will die

with you. The other kind of immortality

is much more difficult and that is

organic immortality that your physical

being lives forever. And there have been

several proposals for this. One proposal

is to basically digitize the brain

itself.

You take a brain of a mosquito or a fly

and you can clone it and you can create

a copy of it and dissect it. This has

been done already. The world's record

for for uh dissecting the brain of an

insect is 100,000. A 100,000 neurons

will allow you to dissect neuron for

neuron the brain of an insect. Our brain

has a 100 billion neurons, not just a

100,000 neurons. But it's only a matter

of time before we can digitize the human

brain itself.

Not just a 100,000 neurons, but a 100

billion neurons. That's one way to do

it. Another way to do it is to place

yourself on a stretcher

and sitting next to you is a robot.

>> Mhm. When the brain is then exposed

neuron for neuron, another duplicate is

created inside the robot.

And then these neurons are then hooked

up to each other one by one. Now of

course this is possible but not

practical with today's technology. We

cannot manipulate neuron for neuron the

architecture of the human brain. But

that's a technical problem.

>> [music]

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>> So we're talking about putting the

putting the brain into a computer or a

computer into a brain and so the two

become the same. Basically this is all

possible and it's been looked at. Of

course, it would take centuries for us

to be able to do this process, but it's

possible. We can now connect the human

brain to a laptop computer and have the

laptop computer execute many, many

patterns that are considered to be

humanlike. This has been done because

there have been so many GIs wounded in

Afghanistan and Iraq that the United

States military has made it a priority

to have these heroes of warfare

uh be able to control a computer

>> so they can walk, they can talk, they

can they can perform many human

functions even though they are

functionally paralyzed. And so this is

this is progress today that using

computers it's possible to interface the

human brain with the laptop computer

which in turn can control your

movements. Quick heads up. The tech Mio

is describing is being built right now

by Paradmics, the company we just

hosted. Here's a short excerpt.

Perodomics builds high data rate brain

computer interfaces which are

essentially modems that connect brains

to computers. So I have one in my pocket

today. This is an example of a high data

rate brain computer interface. You can

place it on the surface of the brain. It

has 421 platinum micro wires and these

wires can record from individual

neurons. So why is that interesting?

Well, for someone who's lost the ability

to speak, lost the ability to move, uh

they have signals in their brain that

are trying to tell their body what to

do. They're trying to direct their

mouth, their tongue, and their larynx to

produce speech, or they're trying to

direct the hands to move, but the

signals don't make it from the brain to

the body, but they're still there. So,

if you take a device like this and you

place it in an area of the brain called

the motor cortex, you can allow people

who have lost the ability to speak to

speak again through a computer. Watch

the full interview with Matt Angel on

our channel.

>> This was done for the Olympics. The

Olympics that took place in S. Paulo,

Brazil a few years ago was initiated by

a man who was totally paralyzed. Here

was a man totally paralyzed. He was put

into a skeleton, a digital skeleton that

was connected to his brain. Therefore,

he was able to stand up and walk. He was

totally paralyzed. But by thinking he

was able to control the exoskeleton

which would allow him to walk and he

initiated the World Cup soccer games in

S. Paulo, Brazil, even though he was

totally paralyzed. Now that's today. In

the future, we could become Supermen or

Superwomen. Well, right now we're at the

early stages of this. uh all we can do

is take paralyzed people and give them

back the gift of movement. That's today.

In the future, we may be able to give

them super movements. That is the

ability to create to move things that

only a a robot could create. In other

words, these people would be superhuman.

And one possibility is that these

superhumans would then colonize Mars and

begin to colonize the universe because

they are superhuman in their physique.

>> Upgraded version of us.

>> That's right. Now this is possible I

think within a 100 years or so. Now

let's take it to a thousand years.

How could we then explore the universe a

thousand years from now?

I think it's possible that at that point

we'll be able to digitize ourselves,

put our thinking process into software,

put the software into a rocket and shoot

the rocket throughout the universe.

Once the rocket lands on the moon, it

then hooks up to an exoskeleton

and thereby allowing you to control an

exoskeleton

on the moon.

You can also shoot these exoskeletons

throughout the universe

and therefore be able to explore the

universe mentally by shooting your

consciousness throughout the universe.

Now this of course is not possible for a

few hundred years

>> and living forever.

>> Your biological body may have a finite

lifespan unless of course we can figure

out organic immortality in which case we

can replace organs as they wear out. So

organs as they wear out may be replaced

to give you organic immortality.

And this organic immortality may allow

you to control a robot that could then

be shot throughout the universe

and you could then begin to colonize the

universe

perhaps near near the speed of light.

All of this is well within the laws of

physics beyond our capabilities today

but I think possible.

>> Do you believe that we can ever create a

consciousness machine? It depends on how

you define consciousness.

There's no unified theory of

consciousness at the present time.

However, I do think it's possible to

create an object that can size up its

position, understand its location,

understand its position in the universe

and initiate conversations with you. Is

that consciousness? I don't know.

There's no definition of consciousness

that is universally accepted. Get a

dictionary, look up the word

consciousness, and you realize that

there's no uniform agreement as to what

it is. But I think in the future, it may

be possible to create a machine that is

aware, aware of itself, aware of its

surroundings, aware of who is out there,

and communicate, ask questions, interact

with other beings. I think that is

possible.

>> How this ordinary day could look like

>> a day when what time period?

>> In 2050.

>> The question that is often asked is

okay, if you're a scientist, then

predict the future. Tell me what the

future is going to look like. Well,

first of all, I don't know what the

future's going to look like. But what I

can say is I think that we can make

educated guesses. educated guesses

because we know the trajectory of

physics and chemistry. You see, our

ancestors lived in a world of magic, a

world of witchcraft. There were no

rules. There was no equations, no

principles to guide them. Today, we have

the principles, we have the equations,

we have the framework. That doesn't mean

we can accurately predict the future,

but we can make intelligent guesses. So

for example computers we would know that

computers will be quantum mechanical

and as a consequence they would be

millions of times more powerful than

what we have today and therefore

artificial intelligence could become a

of a reality in which case we may exist

in a world where artificial intelligence

is the norm. The This is World Channel

is partnered with IQM, one of the

world's largest quantum computing

companies.