Transcription
Welcome to Made Client. Today we should be looking at the commonly used images, drugs, their classification, indications, and their doses. Even these medications may be divided into two categories.
The first category is the drugs which are essential and should be part of every Martin's drug kit in an institution. The second category consists of the drugs which are useful but are optional, depending on the practitioner's training in imagines, medical procedures, and whether sedation and general anesthesias are needed for behavior in anxiety management. These emergency drugs are stocked in an emergency scratch cuts and used in infestation or specialist procedures.
Number one drug is adrenaline or epinephrine. Adrenaline is a sympathomimetic drug which is an alpha and beta adrenergic agonist. It is used in resuscitation in cases of cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, superficial bleeding, and asthma which has been unresponsive to arbitral and salvatable.
Then we have atropine. Atropine belongs to a class of drugs known as anticholinergics, and they help to dry up body secretions and body fluids and also slow the gut movement. Atropine is the first-line drug in the treatment of acute severe bradycardia, or low heart rate, in the absence of a reversible cause. Atropine is also used in organophosphate or carbonate poisoning or toxicity and additionally it acts as an antispasmodic agent.
Norepinephrine or noradrenaline is a sympathomimetic drug. This drug is used in the control of blood pressure during various cases of hypotension and can also be used as an urgent treatment during cardiac arrest.
Calcium gluconate is classified as a calcium salt with an antidote and used for ventricular arrhythmias and reduces the risk of ventricular fibrillation, these academic rhythmus. It is also used in hypokalemia, or low potassium levels in blood, tetany, hypocalcemia, and magnesium toxicity.
Sodium bicarbonate is a systemic alkalinizing agent and it's used in the treatment of acute hyperkalemia, severe metabolic and respiratory acidosis, and also in case of tricyclic antidepressant overdose.
Then we have amiodarone. Amiodarone is a class 3 antiarrhythmic drug that is indicated in the treatment of cardioarrhythmias, for example, recurrent hemodynamically unstable ventricular tachycardias and recurrent ventricular fibrillations, atrioventricular reentrant tachycardias, and PSVT.
When you have 50% dextrose, which is indicated in the treatment of hypoglycemia or hyperinsulinemia or to restore normal blood glucose levels in case of hypoglycemia. This dextrose can also be used in the management of hypokalemia and in DKA (diabetic ketoacidosis). It is used to prevent hypoglycemia when treating with insulin.
When you have nitroglycerin, nitroglycerin is a vasodilated drug which primarily works by relieving angina chest pain. It is a type of nitrate which can also be used to decrease hypertension.
We have succinylcholine. These are the fertilizing muscle relaxants that are used in case of rapid sequence induction for procedures which require only brief duration of muscle relaxation, for example, imagines intubation and airway management.
Then you have dopamine, a catecholamine neurotransmitter. We use these drugs to treat hemodynamic imbalances, perfusion of vital organs, low cardiac output, and hypotension. It can also be used to treat arrest and bradycardia.
Then we have dobutamine. This drug is used in the treatment of heart failure, cardiogenic shock, congestive heart failure to increase correct output.
Then we have furosemide or Lasix. These are loop diuretics or high-ceiling diuretics that are used to treat hypertension and edema in congestive heart failure, renal disease, and hypertension. And it can also be used in case of fluid overloads, to diurese, and also in case of hyperkalemia.
We have lidocaine or lignocaine. These are local and aesthetic agents of the amide group and it's also a class 1B antiarrhythmic agent that is primarily used in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction, the jobs in poisoning, cardioversion, and in some procedures, for example, cardiac catheterization.
Then we have adenosine. These are medications used in myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and treatment of supraventricular tachycardias to revert these supraventricular tachycardias.
Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid that we use in anti-inflammatory cases and for treating dermatosis, endocrine disorders, and immune conditions. So in addition to all this, it is used in autoimmune reactions, asthmatic reactions, anaphylaxis. The usual dose is around 5 to 200 mg tremendously given for six hours.
Then vasopressin is a drug that is indicated to increase blood pressure in adults in vastic shock that is refractory to application of fluids and catecholamines. This vasopressin is used as a last resort.
Midazolam is a short-acting hypnotic or sedative drug which has anxiolytic properties, muscle relaxant properties, anticonvulsant, sedative, and amnesic properties. We use midazolam in addition and also in prolonged seizures.
Naloxone is an opioid antagonist that is used to block or reverse the effects of opiate drugs, for example, petidine, morphine. It is the main antidote for opioids and is available as an injectable and auto-injector and more recently there is a development of intranasal dose forms.
Then we have diazepam. Diazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine which has a rapid onset and we use it commonly to treat panic disorders, anxiety, alcohol withdrawals, and seizures.
Let's have methylprednisolone. These are corticosteroids we use for inflammation or immune reactions across a variety of organs and endocrine conditions.
Then we have heparin. Heparin is an anticoagulant medication that is used to prevent and treat thrombotic events, for example, when a storm embolism, pulmonary embolism and moreover Heparin prevents clotting during surgical procedures, for example, cardiac surgeries.
When we have aminophylline, aminophylline is a bronchodilator that is used to treat acute asthmatic attacks, in physics, and chronic bronchitis. It's indicated for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Then we have promethazine or Phenergan. Phenergan is an antiemetic and an anxiolytic that resists nose and vomiting. Can also be used in anaphylaxis and in case of reaction to blood products or blood transfusion.
Steroid that is used to treat severe allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus and in many cases we usually in case of asthmatic attacks, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in allergic reactions.
They have the Terbutaline. This is to treat acute asthmatic attacks and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders.
We have etamsylate or tranexamic acid. This is this is a synthetic hemostatic drug that we use in case of capillary bleeding. It works by increasing the ability of the platelets to stick together and form a blood flow so that we can stop bleeding.
Antagonists that we use in reversing benzodiazepine overdose in post-operative sedation from benzodiazepine and anesthetics.
Then we have potassium chloride. KCl, a curator of hypokalemia and is an electrolyte supplement basically.
And then we have digoxin. Digoxin is the most important emergency medication and is used in the management of atrial fibrillation. It is used in the management of atrial fibrillation, arrhythmias, congestive heart failures and the normal dose ranges from 10 to 15 micrograms per kg given on intravenous root over 20 to 30 minutes and they will help unfair them in Salvage.
With the CNS stimulant, I used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Amphetamine is also to treat cyanide poisoning.