Transcription
[Music] Today we will again engage in finding the keys to understanding the logic of the German language. When one verb is more important than 100 words. If you also dislike cramming and want to learn the language faster and with meaning, then watch this lesson until the end. Regular viewers of the channel have probably already guessed. Today we will again focus on practicing the logic of using prefixes, because prefixes and verbs are the foundation of the language and, ultimately, your successful communication. So, there are very many of them, but the key to understanding lies precisely in this. The key to comprehending the logic of the German language also lies precisely in this. How to learn a language smartly? This is a logical question, I will remind you. The goal, let's assume, is 100 verbs, 100 meanings. The method is tedious cramming. Well, what else? Of course, without contexts, without any communicative moments. The result: we learn everything, spend time, and quickly forget. We certainly don't want to learn German this way. And how do we want to learn? We need an alternative. Step-by-step training, understanding the meanings of prefixes. I will emphasize the word "step-by-step training." If you are watching similar lessons for the first time, then, of course, it might seem a bit strange to you. There will be many apparent discrepancies at first glance, but I repeat, it's about training. Why do we so often turn to prefixes? Because the German language consists of prefixes. It's like a constructor. You add one part, the meaning changes. You add another part, some other meaning is added. All of this needs to be practiced. If you are ready for this, ready, then as a result, you can expect a significant expansion of your vocabulary by almost three times. And today we will again conduct a small experiment with you using one verb as an example. And as always, we take some simple verb that everyone understands. Well, for example, the verb "to go" (in the sense of traveling by vehicle). You, of course, know this verb. So, what will we do? Of course, we will train logic, learn smartly. But how will we add prefixes to this verb? Well, for example, let's add the prefix "auf." Aha, we know. The prefix "auf." Lifting, appearing, something related to that. But what will "auffahren" mean? Or let's add "zusammen." "Zusammenfahren." As you can see, there are more understandable and less understandable things. Well, "zusammenfahren" is immediately clear to us, right? Well, probably something like going together, driving together. But "auffahren" is not so obvious, especially if I ask you to find the exact translation, right? The question is, do we need an exact translation, or is it enough for us to understand the meaning of what will result, right? What will "fahren" mean? Or let's add, for example, "heraus," right, movement outwards. "Fahren." Here too, it's more or less clear. Or "zurückfahren," but there are many prefixes. And we will practice the logic of prefixes specifically on a simple verb. Well, by the way, the verb itself is simple, but you probably know that this verb can also be used with "sein" or "haben." This is also interesting, when "sein," when "haben." That is, complete immersion in the German language is guaranteed for you today. Well, let's not drag it out, let's get straight to the point. The verb "anfahren." To drive up to, to hit, to be rude, or to be rude to someone. So, the main meaning of the prefix "an" is approach. And we still understand that "an" is a kind of vertical line. That is, we approach in this way. Let's look at the contexts. So, the bus is just approaching the station. Imagine this picture again. The bus is approaching the station. Vertical to vertical. Pay attention to the case. Here it's accusative, right? No prepositions need to be used. "Anfahren." Of course, here we use the auxiliary verb "sein" with this verb. Why? I hope you remember this. I will tell you anyway, because some people think that verbs of motion use "sein." No, not quite. Not motion, but strict displacement. From point A to point B. Only when it's displacement, then we say 100% that the auxiliary verb is "sein." And now look at another example. "Watch out so you don't hit anyone." Yes, so that you don't hit anyone. Here it's a different meaning, to hit someone. Yes, and in this case, we would also use the auxiliary verb if we had the perfect tense. Well, it matches the Russian, right, to hit whom/what, right, well, "anfahren" is related, right, also a transitive verb, right, requiring questions whom/what. Again, look, to hit, to run over vertically, also "anfahren." Logical, right, that to hit. Logical. Well, and here's another example. [Music] Well, as you can guess, right, in colloquial Russian there is such a word "наезжать" (to drive up aggressively, to be rude), right, also close to the word "сбивать" (to hit). To drive up aggressively, that is, to be rude. "Why are you driving up aggressively at me?" Yes, we sometimes say this. In German, it has the same meaning. Look, "she is driving up aggressively at me." So, we have convinced ourselves that despite the meanings being absolutely different, right, we still see this approach. "An," the vertical line gives this meaning. Well, and we figured out when to use "anfahren" with "haben" and when with "sein" in this case. It seems simple, but not always. Yes, by the way, in the last example, we would also use "haben," right? That is, "she is hitting me," "she is driving up aggressively at me." By the way, besides practicing logic, we are also getting acquainted with some very good ready-made expressions. You can take them from this presentation and use them. Well, let's talk about the prefix "zu." Look, this is also an approach, but there is no verticality here, there is no such meaning. There is the meaning of a goal. Approach with a goal. So, look, the Russian translation will confuse us a bit now, right? "Zufahren," to close, right? Regarding sliding or retractable structures, right? Imagine doors, right? Here we will use the auxiliary verb "haben." To drive up, another meaning, right, again with a goal and quickly. That's what is emphasized. To drive up "zufahren." Well, here, of course, it's the verb "sein," because to drive up is movement from point A to point B. Well, another rare meaning is to fill up with something, for example, with soil, right? Here, too, the auxiliary verb will be used. Contexts: Subway doors close automatically. And look, "zufahren," one door, the second door, and their goal is to close. They have already met. This is the meaning of "zufahren." So far, the logic is there. Agreed? Or a truck headed straight for the construction site. He headed towards it. We, of course, do not forget that "zu" translates as "to," right? And of course, this meaning will also be embedded. The case here is interesting, right? To head somewhere, to drive up to the construction site "auf die Baustelle zu," right, here the preposition will be "auf." In this case, it coincides with the Russian language, right, and there are other cases. Well, and here's the rare context of filling up, but nevertheless, the shaft was filled with gravel. "Zufahren." Look, we also have an association with closing, right? "Zu" closed. They filled this pit, so to speak, with soil. Here again, the case. Look, "mit Schotter," right, with gravel. Of course, there is no instrumental case in German, right, by whom/what? With gravel. Therefore, we conventionally use the preposition "mit." If with what, right, "mit Schotter," with gravel. Well, let's add the prefix "auf." Key meanings: lifting, appearing. And of course, no one excludes the basic meaning, right? "Auf" - onto the surface, rose, appeared. Therefore, again, the Russian translation kills the German meaning a bit, but nevertheless, "auffahren" - to rise. We can say this about dust, about waves, right? Look, a wave, a wave, then it rises "auf," right? Logical. To drive into something from behind. I'm walking and someone is driving "fahren" at me. "Auffahren." And again, to jump up in fright, for example, right, we also rise. Let's look at the contexts. Dust rose in front of the car. Well, it rose, it lifted, whatever you want. I'm telling you, Russian words are not important to us at all. "Der LKW ist auf den PKW aufgefahren." The truck drove into the car. Yes, here, in principle, the prepositions and everything else are similar to Russian. "Auffahren." But in this sentence, I specifically made it like this, right? I wrote "LKW" with a capital letter, and "PKW." I wrote the first letter capitalized, then lowercase. This is not a typo. The thing is that dictionaries give both variants as correct: "LKW" as if all in capital letters, right? And "Lkw" when, well, as a normal word, right? First a capital letter, then lowercase letters. Both ways are possible. If you want, write "Lkw." As you can see, if you want, write it as a regular noun. In general, these are equivalent options. Dictionaries give them to us like this. You can see it both ways. "Erschrocken aufgefahren." She jumped up in fright, jumped up, right? "Fahren" is to drive, right? It's still about speed. And that's why she jumped up, stood up, right, to show speed. Therefore, the verb "fahren" is at the core of "aufgefahren" - quickly rose, jumped up, right, frightened. I hope the logic is working so far. Here too, it will be quite transparent: "unterfahren." To drive under. And since the prefix "unter" means below, incompleteness, but I didn't write the direct translation of this prefix or preposition "unter" - under, below, right? And of course, it's clear why "to drive under." By the way, this verb is used with the auxiliary verb "sein." This needs to be remembered. And the prefix is not separated in this case. Well, it's clear how it looks when a car drives under a bridge. The only thing that might be difficult for us is that there is no preposition "under." Why is there no preposition "under," as in the Russian translation, "under the bridge"? Because "unter" is already embedded in the verb itself, right? It's like driving under the bridge. If I translate literally, right, "the car drives the bridge," but since it's the prefix "unter," I already understand that it's not just driving the bridge, but that it's driving under the bridge, right? So, no preposition is needed because the meaning is expressed in the prefix. You will again ask: "And why is the prefix not separated in this case?" I will not elaborate on this topic in this lesson. Why? Because there is a separate lesson, it's called exactly that: separable and inseparable prefixes. That is, it's about prefixes that can be both separated and not separated. But what this depends on and how the meaning changes, watch that lesson. By the way, it has few views for some reason. Apparently, no one wants to deal with such smart and complex things, but I think viewers of this channel definitely love complex and interesting things. Therefore, be sure to watch this lesson. I will leave the link in the description of this video. Next on our program is the preposition "vor" - a key word: appearance. And of course, the direct translation is "before." "I am before you." Well, this is what "vorfahren" means: to drive up to something, or to bring something forward, well, this is about a vehicle, or to drive forward to cut someone off. That is, to stand in front of someone, right, and thereby hinder them, for example. It will be clearer to you from the contexts, but on the picture, it looks something like this. Someone drove forward in various senses. A taxi drove up to the hotel. Literally, look, "the taxi drove up before the hotel," and again "vorfahren," that is, "vor" - before, before, there is this meaning in the foreground. Or "bring the car forward, please." And here we understand that to bring whom/what, right? Here we would use the verb in the perfect tense, right, because, well, "drive the car forward," right, so to speak, literally. And very common on the roads. "He just cut me off." "Cut me off," right? What is this Russian translation? Literally, look. "He just drove forward in front of me." "Er ist mir einfach vor dem Auto vorgefahren." I'm driving, and he just drove in front of me. This means cutting off, right? Well, here too, everything is absolutely clear. An interesting preposition "vor" is also, of course, understandable to us, because it consists of two prepositions that we have just talked about. "Vor" - appearance, before, and "an" - approach. And all of this together also means forward and a certain process. "Vorbeifahren." To drive forward. Forward. This is "vor." And "an" shows that we are occupying some position, we have moved forward and stopped, right? Therefore, to drive forward, to occupy a position in front, so to speak, or to lead a column. Here I am driving "vor," that is, in front of everyone, and everyone is behind me. Well, and to move forward too, including in a figurative sense. "Drive forward, please, and stop." "Anhalten." Yes, I will park here. During the demonstration, the police moved forward. "Vorbeifahren." And here's the figurative meaning, right? "The project is finally moving forward." Here's the process of moving forward. "Vorbeifahren" - the prefix. Completion, you know perfectly well, right? And going beyond the limits. Again, this does not contradict the basic meaning. "Aus" is from. I drive out. From, I move out. Here are "ausfahren" and "ausstoßen" - two main meanings. So, today we went for a drive in a convertible. We drove out. By the way, when we use "ausfahren," it's not just about driving out, say, from the garage, but it also has a broader meaning of going out for a walk, for a drive. "Ausfahren." We haven't gone out for a drive in a long time. This is roughly in this sense. Well, and "ausstoßen" is a narrower meaning, I would say, specialized, but we also have viewers with high levels, right, B2, maybe even C1. Therefore, the truck extended its supports. Yes, here it's "haben," right, because no one was going anywhere here, but "fahren" is used here as a quick movement. "Ausstoßen" - extended its supports. "Ausfahren." The prefix "mit" means togetherness. And by the way, look, how simple prefixes can be. For example, but if we add them to different verbs, to others, perhaps more complex ones, then we expand our vocabulary more easily. Here, for example, "mitfahren" - to go together, right, or to give a ride. "To give a ride" doesn't seem directly related to "fahren" and the prefix. However, this togetherness is there. Well, an elementary question. "Can I go with you?" "Mitfahren." You don't need to say "with you," because this meaning is included in the verb. From the prefix, it's already clear that it's with you, with us, with anyone. This is clear from the context. Well, but the context is specifically about giving a ride. "He gave me a ride to the station." It seems clear, right? You know perfectly well that "fahren" with the verb "haben" means to take someone somewhere, right? "Jemanden fahren," to take someone somewhere. What does "mit" give here then? So, he gave me a ride, meaning he was with me, "mitfahren" - drove with me. Maybe he was even on the way, right? There are such micro-meanings. "He gave me a ride to the station." All of this is very interesting. The prefix "nach." Movement following, again, does not contradict the basic meaning of "nach" - after. Someone walks after you, that is, follows you. And look, "nachfahren" - to drive behind, right? That is, to walk after you, and also to copy movement or to trace. And this is why I like this approach. The verb is formed elementarily, it is very simple. "Nachfahren," but you can now relate it to the meaning, for example, of tracing. You will now see how it works. First, the simple meaning, please, "drive after this taxi." "Follow this taxi." "Vidie" - here it's dative, right? "Dem Taxi nach." Yes, you can remember it like this. "Follow this taxi." "Go in its tracks." Yes, dative is also embedded in Russian in this sense. This is clear. But now about a more complex meaning. Look, "nach" literally. Look, she is tracing the lines with a pen. That is, she is driving along these lines with a pen, that is, tracing them. Agreed, you wouldn't immediately think of this word, right? If you need to say "trace," I don't know, letters, you go to the dictionary, there are many synonyms, and it's not guaranteed that they fit this context. But if you act by meaning, look, "nach" is following. Do as I do, repeat after me. "Nach." Well, "fahren" is movement, right, it shows "nach." The same in dancing, right? "Repeat the movement after me," right? This will also be "nachfahren." The prefix "dazu." Main meaning: addition. One is added to another. Therefore, look, with the verb "fahren," to drive up to something, right? "Zu" - to something, "dazu" - therefore, to something existing or to increase speed. Yes, well, of course, this is about a vehicle. "Please, drive up by car." And look at the difference between Russian and German. I say, "Please, drive up by car." It seems understandable, but when it's the German original, "drive up by car to this object that I will point out to you." For this, "dazu" is there, right? That it's not just driving up, but driving up to this indicated place. A more precise language. Or the pilot increased speed. Let's try to grasp the meaning "dazufahren" in this sense, right, to increase speed. He was driving, driving, driving. And to that, to what he had already gained in speed, he added "dazu" - added more speed. "Dazugehören" is a purely German expression. The prefix "um" means radical change. You should have one association with this prefix. It's like a circle, due to which something changes, happens, or a characteristic movement. In combination with the verb "fahren," "umfahren," the Russian translation is "to knock down." But if we imagine the whole picture, right, how "umfahren" happens, right, this collision, this circle started spinning, a person fell or something fell, right? So, we knocked it down, you see, what's the meaning, what's the logic. Of course, it's not as straightforward as 1+1, but we are learning, we are penetrating German logic, it's a different language. Therefore, those who write skeptical comments, that this doesn't help at all, that it's all fantasy, this logic, it's like that, there's no mathematical precision here, you need to think deeply. If you have the desire, think deeply. If not, there's a large dictionary, you can just learn without considering any details at all. There are two paths. The choice is yours. Example: "Er hat den Hund umgefahren." He knocked down the dog. "Umfahren." A sad example. You will ask: "Can the prefix 'um' be inseparable?" I will immediately say yes, it can. And again, I direct you to this very interesting lesson, right? Look, even if you read this cover, there's an example right there, right? As you can see, there is a difference. Therefore, if you want to delve deeper and learn other meanings, please watch. I repeat, the link is in the description. The prefix "bei," right, the literal translation "bei" means, of course, proximity. How will this proximity combine with the verb "beifahren"? To drive up, or, look, to accompany by car. You probably know synonyms, right, to accompany, but don't complicate it. Look, to accompany by car is to drive "bei" - to drive nearby, and that's it. That's the beauty, right? Complex contexts in simple words. This is how it looks, right? Here is the proximity. The ambulance drove up immediately. In the Russian translation, it simply "drove up." But here we see "beigefahren" - approached. The auxiliary verb here will always be "sein," because it's still "fahren," meaning driving from one point to another. The logic here is understandable. Here's an interesting example. We drove in a funeral procession by car. Look how much a German sentence contains, "Wir waren bei dem Trauerzug," dative case. We were at this funeral procession, but not just were, because the verb is "fahren," and we drove with this funeral procession, "beigefahren." Pay attention to the case. The prefix "durch." Key word: overcoming. But of course, we remember the literal translation: "through." Therefore, "durchfahren." Pay attention, in this case, the prefix is not separated. This means to drive through, to cross something without stopping, from beginning to end. For example, like this, see? To cross, to overcome, through, from beginning to end. "We drove through the city." The translation is bad, we don't say that in Russian, right? But so that the meaning is clear when you hear it, that is, we drove through it from beginning to end without stopping, having overcome it, right? Here we have the auxiliary verb, meaning we have driven through it, crossed it. The emphasis is here. Therefore, well, and of course, again, advertising. Forgive me, but this is a truly important lesson. I would really like you to watch it, because the prefix "durch" can be both separable and inseparable. Watch, find out. And if we separate the prefix "durch," how will this meaning change? Interesting. Look, let's rest a bit with simple examples. The prefix "ein." Movement inwards. Well, it's logical that "einfahren" means to drive in, right? Well, it's very simple here. "Please, drive in." Again, look how precise German is. Yes, in Russian it's "drive in," but in German, "einfahren." "Einfahren" - "sein" - inwards. You won't make a mistake here. But the prefix "aus," on the contrary, movement outwards. "Ausfahren" - to drive out from inside outwards. By the way, if you remember, we recently had the verb "ausfahren" with the prefix "aus," meaning going beyond limits. And I told you that "ausfahren" is, well, as a rule, just let's go out somewhere for a drive, right? So, what's the difference? Here's a micro-difference. "Ausfahren" is a specific exit. I really drove out from point A to point B, from one space to another. This is a more specific option, unlike "ausfahren." "The car drove out of the garage." Yes, see, for specific actions, or here, "drive out slowly from somewhere." Yes, this is precisely what is emphasized. Let's continue to rest a bit. The prefix "her." Movement away from the speaker. Of course, here we see a very simple meaning. "Fahren" - to drive, to set off somewhere, but in the direction away from the speaker. So, "drive there and see for yourself." Well, very often this means the Russian "туда" (there). Even if we don't translate "туда" in Russian, the meaning is still preserved. "Drive there and see for yourself." A similar prefix, but here it's movement towards the speaker. Also, to arrive, to drive up. Yes. Well, once again. The difference is towards the speaker or towards a specific place. "Sie ist extra aus Berlin hergefahren." She specifically came from Berlin. The Russian translation again devours the meaning, because what should we understand? She specifically came here from Berlin. Understand? We can omit the word "here," but we must subconsciously understand that she came here, if I say so. An interesting prefix "weg." Two main meanings: either continuation or removal from some object, place, right? Therefore, "wegfahren" means to drive away, to depart. Again, subconsciously, we are moving away further, away. Or to continue with the verb "haben," if it's perfect tense, right, I have something continued. Hence, the contexts will differ. Here's the direct meaning. When does the next ship depart? "It departs." Yes. But specifically, "he continued his report." Continued. Look how it's hidden in German. He "drove further" with his report, that is, continued, even more literally. He "has" with his report some continuation, right, something that continues. If it's not immediately clear to you, try to think about it several times. You can pause. And then, I think, it will be clearer. The prefix "weiter." Continuation. Further. To continue the journey, to drive further. Absolutely logical. After the break, we immediately drove further. The prefix "zusammenstoßen." Look, this is where this meaning comes from. Let's think about it, even though it's very simple. Look, here's one vehicle, here's another vehicle. And suddenly they are together, you know, as we say, two cars kissed each other. That's why "zusammenstoßen" - they collided on the highway, they kissed on the highway. By the way, a good life hack, right? You want to be together, but it's better not to do it on the road, especially when you are in cars. The prefix "wieder." Repetition. This is the key meaning. And of course, the basic meaning is still there. Again. And again, the verb "wiederfahren." Look, the prefix is not separated, it is used with the verb "sein." The meaning is not simple: to happen, to occur to someone. Yes, they say that, well, of course, this is in a high style, mainly about unexpected or significant events. Let's go straight to the context, right? "This has never happened to me before." Yes, that is, the emphasis is on the verb, right, when the prefix is not separated. Let's delve into the logic again. Yes, our main goal here is this. This has never happened to me before. "Wiederfahren," right, something repeating unexpectedly, right, that has never happened to me before. "Mir ist noch nie wiederfahren." This is already quite difficult, right, because, I'm telling you, it's quite a complex verb, a complex context. If you need it, you can, in general, master it, right. It sounds quite elevated, of course, and shows a powerful command of the language. So, in this case, the prefix is not separated. Again, the question is, can it be separated? Again, watch the video. An elementary prefix "zurück," meaning movement backward. "Zurückfahren" - to drive back, but also to return. By the way, some are surprised: but to return, there are many synonyms, don't complicate it. "Zurückfahren" is exactly to return. There is another context, more complex, I think B+, to reduce something or to shorten. Let's figure it out now. So, first, the simple context, that is, we drove back yesterday evening. To drive back, to return. All of this is "fahren." It's simple. But now about the more complex meaning of to reduce or to shorten. The factory reduced production. As an analogy, I suggest you think about the following verb, or even combination. To roll something back. To roll back. Don't do too much. Let's roll back a bit, right, reduce, shorten. That is, "drive back." And this meaning of driving back in a figurative sense corresponds precisely to these Russian "to reduce," "to shorten" in this context. Therefore, for example, production, right, "die Produktion zurückfahren" - to roll back, to reduce. The prefix "an" might seem to have opposite meanings, beginning and separation. But this is only at first glance. When I start something, I separate myself from my past state, I move into a new one, I begin. This was the past, and this is the beginning. I separated myself. Therefore, beginning and separation are not so far apart. That's why "anfahren" means to set off on a journey or to start abruptly. And here's an immediate sentence. Look how we will translate it. So, "anfahren" - to drive with a certain beginning of separation. And then, literarily, "we set off on our journey on time." In principle, "to set off," "to depart" are all the same. But look, if you hear "to set off on a journey," how do you translate it? "To move," "to set off." Yes, very simple. Just "anfahren" - let's go. That's all. Here you have "to set off on a journey," "to depart." "The sports car shot off from the starting line like a rocket." If you need to add sharpness to the movement, so that it just "went," then you can also use the prefix "los." As in this last example, right? "Der Sportwagen schoss los." The prefix "los." In this case, I wrote, you see, exceeding the norm. But again, you can write it down or remember it like this, or you know it. "Über" means over. This is where the meaning of exceeding the norm comes from, as the most common meaning. And in principle, "über" in the literal sense works with any verbs. As here, look, the verb "überfahren" we translate as "to knock down," but not just to knock down, but as to knock down, to run over someone. Unfortunately, this is a negative verb. "Look out so you don't run anyone over." You can translate it as "look out so you don't hit anyone." But if I say in Russian "don't hit anyone," and in German it will be the verb "überfahren," then the specificity in German is absolutely certain, right? "Look out so you don't run anyone over." To hit and to run over. Why? Well, because the prefix "über" means over. And very quickly, contexts of inseparable prefixes, that is, prefixes that will never be separated, regardless of meaning, context, or anything else. And of course, the prefix "be" is the most abstract and least understandable, but we will try to understand something here too. Look, "be" means either directedness towards an object, or intensification, or some kind of coverage. Look, I am heading towards an object, right? What does direction towards an object mean? This is the direction that covers it, this object. Here I am heading towards it. "Befahren" - and I embraced it, right? So, "befahren" - to drive around. Well, since "fahren" is to drive, right, therefore, "mit Absicht" - with intention. "The forester drove around the forest." See, right? We have an object, we have direction, this coverage is present. The prefix "ge" is purely grammatical. It only serves to allow us to form the grammatical form of the past participle, right, which, for example, we need for the perfect and pluperfect tenses. Therefore, "gefahren." The prefix "er." It is also not simple, because there are not so many bright meanings in it. Well, let's say, completion of an action. Let's check. "Erfahren" - to learn, right? "Erfahren" - to experience or to go through. Well, this can be said about experience, for example. Look, does the completion of the action work here? Look, "to learn" or "to have learned" is a completed process of acquiring knowledge. If I have learned it, then I have received what I wanted. Or to experience, to go through. "Erlebt" - experienced. That is, I am already receiving this experience within myself or something else. Yes, it's quite abstract, but I already told you, logic is not mathematics. Logic is in the sense of human logic. Where can I learn this? Think about it, right, to learn and where can I drive to gain this experience? To gain it so that this gained experience becomes mine, so to speak, this knowledge. "Sie hat viel Leid erfahren." She has experienced much suffering. In fact, you can also translate it here. She has learned much suffering, because, look, to learn also means, in general, to experience, well, to take it all in. Therefore, again, in Russian, we are vague: to learn, to experience, to go through. But in Russian, we can also say: "Oh, she has learned so much sorrow." That is, she has experienced it, that is, she has gone through it. One of the prefixes that is most resistant to logic is the prefix "ver." Of course, there are meanings of degradation, of destruction, but this is so abstract that it is difficult to apply to contexts, but let's still try to explain it. For example, "sich verirren" - to get lost. This is something like, I think, with a negative connotation. Indeed, when a person degrades, he wanders, he changes in the wrong direction, so to speak, right? It's not just about direct destruction, some kind of change in the wrong direction. This is precisely getting lost, that is, losing some bearings on the way. To get lost on the way, because "fahren" is still a key verb, and to act, to behave in a certain way. Here it's much less clear, but I'll reveal a little secret to you now. Well, the context of getting lost. "Wir haben uns verirrt." We got lost, it's clear here, right? The verb is reflexive, the meaning is more or less understandable, we could stretch it. Someone will say: "Yes, but it can't be otherwise." But here it's much less clear. Look, in this case, "they acted correctly." Yes, and to act, to behave in a certain way. In general, I see no logic here at all. And I will tell you why there isn't much of it here. Because the verb "verfahren" is not formed quite as we think. This verb was borrowed from the Dutch language. It's not a modern form, I want to say right away, right, one of the ancient forms "verfaren." Well, it's read something like that, without claiming good pronunciation. And this verb was used in Dutch legal practice. Therefore, it has a rather bureaucratic, official meaning. And the German verb "verfahren" means to act, to behave in a certain way. And since it's essentially a borrowing, the meanings of the inseparable prefix "ver," this destructive degradation, do not apply here. This is precisely why the prefix "zer" means disintegration. A rare verb. It means to crush. "The snail was crushed by the wheel." Again, look how we replace the instrumental case in Russian, right? By whom? By what? By the wheel. In German, "vom Rad zermalmt." And finally, the last prefix. Main meaning: removal, getting rid of. And whoever managed to watch this video until the end will now get a very interesting expression in their vocabulary, you will acquire a very interesting meaning in your active vocabulary. Look, "entfahren" - to escape or to slip out. This is said about words or sounds. Look, what a good sentence it will be now. "The word slipped out of me accidentally." Yes, it sounds good. Again, literally, "the word slipped out of me accidentally." It sort of drove out of me, right, and that's it. And as they say, "a word is like a bird, once it flies out, you can't catch it." But what about the other prefixes? You know, there are also inseparable prefixes. Well, unfortunately, with this verb, with the verb "fahren," the prefix "emp" - meaning perception or some kind of reception, and the prefix "miss" - meaning some kind of failure and even abuse. These prefixes are not used with the verb "fahren." Therefore, we can finish for today at this point. There are entire series on the channel, verb series, which really help to master the language seriously, for a long time, and not forget anything. Therefore, of course, I recommend the verb series. Be sure to watch, you will find all the links in the description. Separate episodes, an episode about prefixes, how prefixes can change meaning. And here is that same video that I have been advertising throughout the lesson. It's about those prefixes that can be both separable and inseparable, and the meaning will change. Watch, everything is at your disposal, the main thing is your desire. I hope you enjoyed this lesson. If so, be sure to give it a like, subscribe to the channel, write comments, ask questions. I always answer them. And for those who want to learn the language for free, visit the website Modul Deutsch. All channel lessons are systematized there by topic. Well, then, until next time. Subscribe to the Modul Deutsch channel, write comments. Good luck and see you next time.