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Perfect Square Sum

Gravity Assist1:19

Transcription

How fast can you solve this addition problem? Can you solve this addition problem? 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 all the way up to 199. What's our first step? Should I grab a calculator? Should we add them up one by one? No, because if you know the secret of odd numbers, you can do this in your head instantly.

Let's look at the pattern. If you add the first two odd numbers, 1 + 3, what do you get? Four. What about the first three? 1, 3, and 5. That gives you 9. The first four gives you 16.

Now, look at these numbers: 1, 4, 9, 16. Do you see the pattern? Every single time you add consecutive odd numbers together, the answer is always a perfect square, always.

So, if you are adding the first 100 odd numbers together, what do we do? We don't just do the math. We just square it. 100² is 10,000.

But why does this happen? Why are odd numbers secretly hiding perfect squares? Instead of writing out the math, let's build the numbers.

Here is one block. Now, let's add three blocks. Where do they go? Now, let's add five blocks. What happens? If we wrap them around the outside, it perfectly builds a 3 by 3 square. Add seven more blocks, and now we have a 4 by 4 square.

Every single time you move to the next odd number, it provides the exact amount of blocks you need to wrap around the perimeter and build the next perfect square.