The Entrance Of European Companies In India: Modern History By Naveen Sir | GS for SSC CGL, CHSL

Hello friends, I, Naveen Sharma, welcome you all. I hope you are all doing very well. Absolutely excellent. Once, all dear friends, tell me how you all are? We hope you are very good, very wonderful, very fantastic, and once send your smile in the comment section, then it will feel even better and there will be confidence that yes, you are moving forward with enthusiasm. We were reading about the arrival of trading companies in India, meaning the foreign companies that came to India for trade, and yesterday we told you their order, that the Portuguese were the first to succeed in that race. The enthusiasm of Vasco da Gama made them successful. After that, friends, in today's class, we will read about how the Dutch came to India and how their competition with the English, who became their rivals, and due to the English, they had to flee, the Battle of Vedra or the Battle of Chinsurah, which we call 1759. Today, friends, we will also read about the French companies that came here for trade, the French, and along with them, the Danish, meaning the Swedes have no such contribution, so there is no need to study them yet. Just remember their names, yes, they also came for trade in 1731, but but they saw that there are no favorable conditions for us. There is no opportunity for us here. There were too many competitors, so they backed off. Okay? So today's class will start with the Dutch. So are you ready to study? Give a thumbs up once. Yes brother, we make our notes well and learn things very carefully, whatever you teach us. Any additional things that I might teach you, you should definitely consider them. So tell me, the Dutch, from which country were the residents? We will write here. Today's class will start with the Dutch. Dutch, Dutch, the Dutch, where were they from? So they were residents of Holland. Holland, residents of Holland, and by what name do we know this country Holland in the present day? Yesterday in class, we told you that today you know Holland as the Netherlands. Its name has now become the Netherlands. Write this down somewhere on the side. The name of Holland, the country Holland, has now become the Netherlands. What has it become? Netherlands. Netherlands, whose capital has become. Netherlands, whose capital is Amsterdam. We should all know this. Okay. Now, if we talk about the Dutch, I told you that when the Portuguese succeeded in trading in India. Their journey started with Vasco da Gama, and gradually they established their relations with the kings of India here. And I said that when their first governor, Almeida, came, he strengthened his position in the Arabian Sea or the Indian Ocean. After that, I told you about Albuquerque, who is also called the real founder of the Portuguese empire, how he explored things. So, the point is that the Portuguese succeeded in trade. Now, when the Portuguese succeeded in trade, to compete with the Portuguese, I told you that for almost 100 years, their trade was unchallenged. They had no competitors. But after that, their competitors emerged. At one time, a company was formed in Britain, the East India Company, we will talk about that later, how the Merchant Adventurers were formed, and along with this, another country from Europe, Holland, so in Holland, people there also thought that since all trade in Europe is now done by Portugal, whatever trade happens from Asia, we also need to prepare for it. So the Dutch also modernized their navy, meaning they modernized their navy and headed towards India. So, in this sequence, remember first, the first Dutch traveler. The first Dutch traveler, the first Dutch traveler who came to India was named Cornelis de Houtman. Cornelis, Cornelis de Houtman. He is the first Dutch traveler, and he came in 1596. In which year did Vasco da Gama come? This is the first traveler. Remember. First Dutch trader. Dutch trader came to India. Name Cornelis de Houtman. Cornelis de Houtman in 1596. He came in 1596. Okay, remember. The Dutch company that was formed for trade, he came here, roamed around, and said that there are definitely opportunities for trade, so a company was formed, the Dutch Company. What was the name of the Dutch Company? The Dutch Company that was formed, the name of the Dutch Company was Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie. Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie. The Dutch Company's name was Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie. And when was this company formed? In 1602. 1602. They formed their company in 1602. Okay? And this company's other name, if you ever see it in an exam, it has another name too. Its other name was the United East India Company of the Netherlands. So this company was formed, and they said that we will also trade in India, trade with Asia, and moved forward. And their first factory, the first factory they established, was in 1605 in Masulipatnam. I would like to ask you, in which state of India is Masulipatnam located? Masulipatnam, which is in Andhra Pradesh. This was their first factory. Okay? Good. In which year was it built? It was built in 1605. The second factory. Did any production happen in the factory here? Yes or no. Yesterday I explained the meaning of factory. Did any production happen in the factories here? You will say, no brother, these were just centers. Pulicat, which is located in Kerala. Kerala. Okay. Actually, I said that before them, who were trading in India? The Portuguese. So, wouldn't there have been conflicts with the Portuguese? Or wouldn't the local kings of India have opposed them at that time? For example, I would like to ask you, in 1605, who was the central power in India? You should all know that 1605 is the year when Akbar had died, and a new ruler, Jahangir, had come. So, as a central government, Jahangir was there. And if we talk about the same time, I told you that if we talk about 1605, did the Maratha rule in the south exist? You will say no. So there was a central power, Akbar. I said his empire extended to the south. So these people didn't act in a way that the central power would turn against them, or the central government would turn against them. They used to take permission for trade, and the local subedars, for example, if I ask you, how many subahs were there during Akbar's time? What was the number of subahs or provinces during Akbar's time? I had told you this. Just like today India has 28 states, similarly, during Akbar's time, there were divisions into subahs. So you will say that the subahs during Akbar's time, meaning the responsibilities were with the subedar during Akbar's time, and the responsibilities with the subedar were very good. 12 + 3, a total of 15 subahs were there during Akbar's time. Sandeep Kumar, your answer is absolutely correct. Priya Sharma, absolutely correct answer. So there were 15 subahs. So what these people used to do? They used to connect with the subedar there and say, sir, we want to do a little business. So they would say, okay, the Portuguese are already doing it. You also do a little trade, and because they were benefiting from it. What happened from that trade? Those subedars used to get tax, and that tax used to go to Agra and Delhi. So, in this way, they used to get permission because they did not come with the intention of fighting, or if we talk about their intention at that time, it was not religious, because their intention at that time was only commercial, that sir, give us permission for trade, and let us also do some trade, because the Portuguese were already doing it, so these people also used to get permission. Okay? So when they established a factory here, who would have a problem? The king would get tax from the Portuguese, and he would also get tax from them. He would have no problem. But whose trade is established? That is, whose trade is established at this time? The Portuguese. So, wouldn't the Portuguese have a problem, yes or no? So who would become their opponents? Who would become their rivals? So you will say, brother, the Portuguese will become. No doubt. So the conflict between the Portuguese and the Dutch began. And this conflict started in Indonesia. Indonesia, I explained to you yesterday. Give a thumbs up and tell me. Does everyone know where Indonesia is on the map? So, if you look towards the southeast of India, towards the southeast, you will find Indonesia, downwards. In Indonesia, because I said they understood that the spices from India are not as good as the spices from Indonesia, Sumatra, Java. So their conflicts started first in Indonesia, and those conflicts started in 1605 itself. That's why they are centering here. See, what was the meaning of them establishing centers? The meaning of establishing centers was that they would establish centers in the direction of Andhra Pradesh, and control the trade in the direction of Indonesia. Okay? So in 1605, what happened? Their war took place in Indonesia. You have to remember this. In 1605, in 1605, what happened? Indonesia. In Indonesia, two powers came face to face regarding their trade, one was the Portuguese, and against them came the Dutch, and the Dutch found success in this that they defeated the Portuguese. So, where did the Portuguese weaken compared to the Dutch? In Indonesia. We are not talking about India yet. Okay? What else happens here? There was a year, 1619. A place called Batavia is in Indonesia. In Batavia too, these two powers came face to face, and in Batavia too, the Dutch defeated the Portuguese. The point is, my question to you is simply, did the Portuguese power weaken in Indonesia or not? At the same time, in 1619, the Dutch made Batavia their center. Batavia is in Indonesia, the capital Jakarta. There were ruins there, meaning many pits, pits, pits, many ruins, that place they made their center. Now, have they become so powerful that they are easily defeating the Portuguese who have been established for 100 years? Actually, the reason for the Dutch power, meaning the strength of the Dutch, was that in Holland, at that time, two banks were established, and those banks sent a message to the entire country, Holland, that whoever invests in this bank, the bank will guarantee an 18% annual return. For example, if I talk about modern times, how much interest do banks generally give annually? On things like savings accounts, if we don't talk about it, and say that if someone made a fixed deposit, an FD, even then the bank rates are different. For a long time, it's different, 8, 9, 10%. But generally, we will assume that you get about 4 to 5% interest. You can even say 5.5%. Generally, meaning 5, 6, 7, whatever you consider, as much as you understand. So here you will say that if 400 years ago, a bank is promising that we will give you a guarantee of 18%, then people's investment in it would increase, and it's not that they didn't fulfill their promise. For 200 years, the banks of Poland gave their shareholders, who had invested there, an 18% return. Whether they earned profit by doing business anywhere in the world. So those two banks were the reason for the Dutch strength. What were the two banks? If I talk about them, let's find out about them first. One was the Exchange Bank, established in 1609. Two banks in Poland, at that time, two banks in Holland. One was established in 1609. Its name was Exchange Bank. Exchange Bank. What percentage did it promise? So you will say, brother, they promised 18%. 18% annually. And one that was established in 1614. Its name was Credit Bank of the Netherlands. Credit Bank of the Netherlands. So two banks were established, they made a promise. So, the point is that the traders of Holland got strength from investment, they received a lot of money supply. But if we talk about the country of Holland, the country of Holland was not that strong. The country of Holland was not that strong to carry its things, its resources. What was there among the officials here? The people of Holland, because their salaries were very low. The East India Company of Holland, we call all companies East India Company because they came for trade in the East. So the people of Holland did not get much salary, the employees of their company. So the employees here, meaning the employees of Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, focused more on their private trade. They kept looking for their own business, how would I benefit, because they did not think much about the company's profit, and that also became the reason for their downfall. Okay, when the Dutch first came to our country, the English supported them. Meaning, we can say it wasn't deep friendship, nor was it enmity. Because who is everyone's enemy at this time? Answer that, think. Who would have been everyone's enemy for trade? Because everyone's rivalry would be with the one who is already established. That's who they would consider an opponent. So everyone considered the Portuguese as opponents. So even if the English came at this time, because we will talk about the English later, that the East India Company or that year, in 1608, during Jahangir's time, it arrived, in 1609, his name is Hawkins. Hawkins started opening small factories in Surat or in places like Masulipatnam in 1613. So, the Dutch and the English had a distant friendship, let's say. They used to say, you defeat the Portuguese. But what mistake did the Dutch make? So, in Indonesia, there is a place called Ambon. The English were also trading in Ambon, the Dutch were also there, the Portuguese were also there. Now, a clash occurred between the traders there because the Dutch people kept looking for their own business. The Ambon massacre happened in 1623. Because of which, there was tension between the English and the Dutch, or they became rivals of each other. What incident happened in 1623? In 1623, an incident occurred, the Ambon massacre. The Ambon massacre, which we call the Ambon massacre or the Ambon massacre. Here, the Dutch killed several Englishmen. So the English became a little against them. But as I said, the Dutch were getting a lot of strength, so the Dutch also advanced their work and those advancements were that they moved away from Indonesia and moved towards India, and in 1616, in Surat, they opened a factory. Factory, factory, actually these were their cantonments, military cantonments. Here they used to keep their soldiers, keep their goods, keep their belongings, it was a center. They established a factory in Surat in 1616. Established a factory. We are learning their order. What is it? First, note this. In 1616, and in 1641, they conquered Malacca. Where is the location of Malacca? Tell me quickly. Yesterday I showed you Malacca on the map. Conquer Malacca. Write this line. Conquer Malacca. Once, everyone write, where do you understand the location of Malacca to be? I want to see your answer. The location of Malacca is near Malaysia. Very good. Okay? So here they did. They came towards India, and then when the situation became peaceful, they went back towards Indonesia, Malaysia. In 1641, the same year, they opened a factory in Willimpatnam. In 1641, in Willimpatnam. If we talk about Willimpatnam, where is it located? Places named Pattanam are mostly in Andhra. In 1641, they opened a factory in Willimpatnam. They are opening small factories and advancing their trade. At this time, the English are also present. The Portuguese are also present. Note this down. Opened a factory in Willimpatnam in 1641. After this, in 1645, in Karaikal. In 1645, in Karaikal. Where is Karaikal located? In Tamil Nadu, they opened a factory. Very often, their matching questions come. These years are asked. They become very important questions in competitive exams. Opened a factory in Karaikal in 1645. After 1645, they opened in Chinsurah in 1653. In 1653, Chinsurah. Chinsurah is a place where a war will also occur between the English and the Dutch, which is called the Battle of Vedra. Chinsurah is located in West Bengal. In West Bengal, they opened a factory. Opened a factory in Chinsurah in 1653. 1653. In 1659, they took Sri Lanka under their control. Conquered Sri Lanka. Conquered Sri Lanka in 1659. After this, in 1663, they conquered Cochin. Cochin. Where is Cochin located? In Kerala. They conquered Cochin, meaning Kerala. So these are their years of success. You all know. I want to ask you a question that I have already told you. Look carefully. If you look slowly, slowly, slowly, if we look at the Dutch factories on the map of India. Look carefully at the map of Dutch factories. We will show you a map. We will show you a map of Dutch factories. Did I not put it? I had shared it with them, the map of Dutch factories. Didn't put it. Well, no problem, let's draw a map. So I told you that the factories they established, if we want on the map, you also draw a small map. You draw a small map and mark the factories there once. Let's mark them. I said the first factory was Masulipatnam, meaning where will it be? In Andhra Pradesh. We will just mark it. You say yes, you understand. I told you they established it in Pulicat in 1610, in Kerala, meaning on this coast, on the western coast. In 1616, where did they go? They came to Surat, meaning the Gujarat region. They established a factory here. After this, I told you, in 1641, where did they go? Back to Andhra Pradesh, Willimpatnam, they established a factory. In 1645, where did these people come? In Tamil Nadu, they established a factory. Okay? Note their names too. Always draw a map on paper. In 1653, where did they go? On the banks of the Hooghly River. On the banks of the Hooghly River, because it is a port. You know Kolkata port today. So in Hooghly, in Chinsurah. If we talk about 1659, they went towards Sri Lanka, and in 1663, here in Kerala. So these were their factories. Is the location of their factories clear? No problem? Okay, when they established their factories, then why are they not very successful? The reason for their not being very successful is that in Bengal, this year, 1653, when they used to trade in Bengal, what was the purpose of silk cloth here? What was their purpose here? Their purpose here was silk cloth.

There used to be silk garments, these were their target. They used to do a lot of other trade here besides silk clothes. If we talk about things like Qasim Bazaar, they also wanted to control that market. So, this message was given by the Mughal Subedar there to Shah Jahan, because at this time Shah Jahan was the ruler. You all know, right? From 1627 to 1658, who was the Mughal ruler? It was Shah Jahan. So, when Shah Jahan received this message, he took action against them, against the Dutch here. And when this action was taken against the Dutch, the Dutch were weakened here, and then later their trade was harmed by the Maratha Empire. As I told you, in which year did Baji Rao defeat the Portuguese? There too, the Portuguese were weakened. You should remember that in 1739, the Salsette island of Maharashtra, or Bassein, was snatched from the Portuguese. Who snatched it? Tell me. In 1739, we told you about a warrior who was the Maratha Peshwa from 1720 to 1740. Baji Rao was amazing. You all have written the exact year, 1739. Smiley Sharma has the exact correct answer. So, the point is, on one hand, the Mughals turned against them. Okay? Because the Mughals sided with the British. Secondly, the Maratha Empire turned against them. And who are their third opponents? The British, they gradually turned against them when the British felt that the Portuguese had weakened in trade. And the Dutch were emerging as a power. So, who became the opponent now? Now the British were also trading, so the British and the Dutch became rivals, and due to this rivalry, their war happened, the Battle of Biderra, which we call the Battle of Chinsurah. So, definitely write this. The Battle of Chinsurah, the fall of the Dutch, the defeat of the Dutch, the fall of the Dutch, happened in 1759. It happened from the Battle of Biderra. Because it happened from the Battle of Biderra. They were also very weakened in 1739. We have already taught you that. So, what will we say? Dutch fall, Dutch fall from Biderra War. Where was the Battle of Biderra fought? Who will tell? Biderra War. And this Battle of Biderra, which we also call the Battle of Chinsurah. Battle of Chinsurah, Battle of Chinsurah. The Battle of Chinsurah was fought in West Bengal. Where? West Bengal. We need to remember this. Okay? See, Chinsurah was a very famous place in West Bengal. In Chinsurah, saltpeter was also produced. If you have heard of saltpeter. Saltpeter, because saltpeter is used to make gunpowder. Now, gunpowder was used in the wars going on in Europe, so there was a great struggle for saltpeter as well. So, everyone wanted to go to Bengal. Another reason was that Bengal was also a very prosperous region. If we talk about Bengal of that time, today's Bihar, today's Odisha, all these areas came under Bengal, or today's Bangladesh, the entire country. So, it was a very prosperous country. It's better to call it a prosperous state. It's better to call it a prosperous region. So, it was very prosperous because the crops there were very good. The conditions for trade were favorable, your routes were favorable. As we know, Sher Shah Suri had built a route up to Kolkata, the Grand Trunk Road, which connected to Pakistan. That is, your land route also easily reached Kolkata. So, there were many options for West Bengal. There was the Kolkata port, so you could reach there by water as well. Okay? So, these were all the reasons. That's why there was a lot of competition for West Bengal, and that same struggle also happened among the Portuguese. Now, the Portuguese had become somewhat constricted in the market. The power of the Dutch increased a bit. The Dutch clashed with whom? The British. Who succeeded in this war? Remember in this war. Who won this war? The British won. Write a small point in your copy about the Battle of Biderra. The British were victorious. Now, how did these British come? It is important to know about these British. In fact, the British have been coming to India since ancient times. As I told you during Akbar's time, an Englishman came first. What was his name, if anyone can tell? In 1579, in 1579, a Christian missionary came to India, Stephen Thomas. In 1583, in 1583, another missionary came, his name was Ralph Fitch. So, all these people came during Akbar's time, and they went and told about the prosperity of India there in Europe. When they went to Britain, they told them in Britain how prosperous India was. And let me tell you about the prosperity of India, how rich India was. Today, the production in the world, I compared it with you before when I was teaching polity, that today China produces about 28% of the world's production. India's GDP at that time was 25% of the entire world's GDP. And it was much more than the combined GDP of entire Europe. If you compare it with Britain's GDP, Britain's GDP at that time was 2% of the entire world's GDP, and India's GDP was 25% of the entire world's GDP. So, which was the powerful country? Which was the powerful country? You would say, no doubt, it was India. India has been looted so much. Many people will argue that the British gave us systems. They gave us many systems, but the other side of it is how much money they looted. As I told you one day while teaching polity, the British looted India so much that even after independence, gold was transported by ships from India to Britain, to London, for years. For example, understand this loot. Many people do not know the exact amount looted by the British from India, but many people have given figures. According to those figures, it is believed that the loot by the British from India was 80 trillion rupees. 80 trillion rupees. Just think, Nadir Shah, an Iranian, came in 1739. How much money did Nadir Shah loot at that time? 70 crore. If you compare it today, it would be 1 lakh crore today. If someone came today and looted 1 lakh crore worth of wealth from the country, would you hate Nadir Shah or not? If someone comes to the country today and takes away 1 lakh crore worth of the country's wealth, people hate him. The East India Company took 80 trillion rupees from here as loot, in the name of providing systems. Such a loot, so what a hateful act it must have been. And our country, which was truly the "golden bird," which we called the golden bird. The whole world called it that. We called it that, and it was indeed a golden bird. So, it was exploited. How did that exploitation happen? Now, there were also businessmen in Britain. 1588 is a very important year. Write it down somewhere and we'll explain it. If I ask you, which country shares the longest border with Portugal? Spain and Portugal. So, Spain also wanted its trade to grow. So, there was a king in Spain named Philip II. Philip II increased his naval power so much that he built 130 warships for fighting, which would only be used for fighting at sea. Now, his warships were called the Invincible Armada, meaning an invincible army. No one in the world could defeat it. And 1588 is the year when the British achieved victory over the Armada. That is, the British army defeated the Spanish armies. The British army defeated the Spanish naval fleet. The British felt encouraged that if we can defeat them, we can also snatch their trade. They sent many people on journeys to India to just see what the trade conditions were there and what not. So, three fleets came to India. Remember some years. One is 1588. Give a thumbs up. Was the Armada victory clear? Whose Armada victory was it? What happened in the Armada victory? The British defeated whom? The British defeated Spain. Spain. Remember this. And with this, their enthusiasm grew, and with this enthusiasm, they sent their first fleet to India. The first delegation came to see the trade conditions. First delegation. The first group they sent, the first group came in 1591. It is also called the journey from 1591 to 93. And the person who undertook this journey was James Lancaster. James Lancaster came to India to see the trade conditions, whether the conditions were good for trade or not, what were the conditions, how would they have to fight. Then the second fleet came, the second delegation. It came in 1596. And in 1596, it was led by Benjamin. In the leadership of Benjamin. The third fleet came again, they sent a third one. The third delegation came, it came in 1597. And it was led by John Mildenhall. John Mildenhall. John Mildenhall. So, when these three fleets came here, they also took a little bit of goods. Just like Vasco da Gama also took a little bit of goods on his first journey. Okay? Sir, how were the British so advanced at that time? The British were not advanced. Friends, the British were not advanced. I just told you that if the British were very advanced, they would have reached first. The Portuguese were the first to be advanced. But when you are ready for a fight, when you are ready for a struggle. For example, suppose when Vasco da Gama was troubled by his sea voyages and was surrounded by a storm, his enthusiasm would have waned, and if his soldiers were telling him to turn back, he would have said, let's go back. This is where a country's development stops. This is where a country's enthusiasm weakens. How many of you have recently seen the movie Oppenheimer? Oppenheimer movie, it won an Oscar. Oppenheimer is the person who built the atomic bomb. He built the atomic bomb. What is the obsession of that person? The pressure on that person's mind is so great that I will build an atomic bomb for my country at any cost, and because of this atomic bomb, because of this atomic bomb, because of this atom bomb, one day my country will be the most powerful. It is the obsession of some individuals that leads countries forward. And as you know, in World War II, when they tested their atomic bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, America was not a superpower before World War II. After that test, or after the victory in World War II, after the victory of the Allied nations, it made America a superpower. Okay, an ally of Britain, a superpower. Okay. So, you understand. So, it's not that any country can say it is very strong. Very strong, then how did they become so? Gradually, they worked on their plans and enthusiasm. Understand, when Robert Clive was fighting against Siraj-ud-Daulah with 3000 men. Now, Siraj-ud-Daulah's commander, Mir Jafar, sells himself. The money supplier of that time, Jagat Seth, sells himself. So, there has been a lot of selfishness among people in India. They want their personal benefit first. Personal benefit comes before national interest for them. We all raise the flag. If someone says this to us, we feel very troubled, why is such a comment being made about us? But this is the truth, because history teaches us that whenever we have not done this for the construction of this country. It's not that there were no people for the construction of this country. They say there are 7 lakh martyrs for this country, who gave their lives for the construction of this country. The blood of each of those 7 lakh martyrs, every drop of it, went into the making of this country. They are all our martyrs or our revolutionaries. Each person's unique contribution, or let's say, many people in this country, whether in a scientific way, all those scientists, even if they were not martyrs, the farmers of this country, the soldiers of this country, that is their blood, for the making of this country. Now, we are talking about those traitors. When the nation was to be built, couldn't these people have killed Clive's 3000 soldiers? They had an army of 500. Would Clive have been able to establish his rule in Bengal with enthusiasm? But people surrendered. So, there, the country falls behind. Do you understand? In this way, when these fleets of the British came, they said, "Sir, what is it for us? The conditions are favorable for trade. If the Portuguese can succeed in trade, the Dutch also came around this time. The Dutch, I said, in 1596. Okay? So, they said, the Dutch have also gone there, so there are conditions for us too. If the Dutch have entered, we can also enter." Now, 1599, 1599 was the year when the Portuguese further increased the tax on black pepper. That if any European country was buying black pepper, it would have to pay an additional 5% tax. Now, everyone said, "This Portugal is acting arbitrarily in trade." So, we should all also venture out for trade. So, on September 24, 1599, a meeting was held in the City of London. When was the meeting? September 24, 1900, sorry, September 24, 1599. Remember this. On September 24, 24th of September 1599, what happened? 24 merchants met. Merchant means trader. 24 merchants met. These 24 merchants formed a group called The Merchant Adventurers. The Merchant Adventurers. It was a group. It was a group. These people sat together in the City of London. They said, "We also want to trade." Now, for trade, you need money. So, they said, "Let's do one thing. Let's make shareholders." So, at this time, they made 125 shareholders. Shareholder means someone who will invest. The profit that will be made later will be distributed among those people in the same proportion as they invested. For example, if someone invests 10%, they will also get 10% of the profit later. They gathered 125 shareholders and collected a sum of money, which was 72 pounds, because in Britain, the currency is pounds. They collected 72,000 pounds, a sum of money, saying, "We will also trade with the East." The Eastern countries, not just India. Write down which other countries they wanted to trade with. Write down the name of one country. From yesterday's class, you would have understood. India was not their only objective. Their objective was to trade with all the Southeast Asian countries, or let's say, all the Southeast Asian countries of Asia, whether it was India, or Malaysia, or Indonesia, or Sumatra, or Java, many friends have written. With their support, China and all these countries, they would trade with all of them. Okay? Now, these people gathered and collected money. They collected money, but how to get permission? Now, permission also had to be taken. For example, suppose you form a company in your country. All of you students and I together form a company, and we name the company X. And we all say, "We want to trade. We want to trade with Africa." And all of us who have given money in the organization, let's all go to the Prime Minister of the country. Who is the real power in our country? The PM. We go and tell the PM, "Give us such powers that we will trade with Africa, and the profit from it will also benefit the country, and whatever taxes there are, we will deposit them in the country." So, the PM will say, "Okay, you proceed. But along with that, there should be no other competitor. We should be alone. We should have a monopoly." Monopoly means exclusive right. That is, don't give permission to 10-5 companies, then we will have conflicts among ourselves, and we will not be able to do that trade as well. So, in this way, all these people went to whom? All these people went to the Queen of Britain, and the Queen of Britain at that time was Elizabeth. All these people go to Elizabeth. And what did Elizabeth do for them? Well, Elizabeth, of this company, called The Merchant Adventurers. They said, "We are forming a company." So, she said, "Okay, let it be a company in document form. There will be a proforma for the company, right? Who are the shareholders of the company? Who are the directors of the company?" So, they filed a document in that way, saying, "This is the company," and the company was established. Remember, the establishment of the East India Company, the East India Company. We will call it the East India Company for now. Actually, its name was not East India Company until much later. Pay attention to my words. Until this time, its name was not East India Company. The name East India Company came much later, in 1708, when two new companies and the company formed in 1600 were merged to form one company. Okay? For now, we will generally call it East India Company. The establishment of the East India Company, the East India Company, took place on December 31st, the last day of the year, in 1600 AD. And who was the king in India at this time? Tell me. You all should know, brother, it was Akbar. Establishment of East India Company in 1600 AD. Who was the Queen of Britain? Elizabeth. Write this down here. Elizabeth. So, a company was formed. What did Elizabeth do? Give a thumbs up and tell me. Can you see this blue color? It was Elizabeth at this time. Elizabeth granted a monopoly for 15 years. That is, from 1600 to 1615, you will be alone in this market, from Britain's side. Granted. What will we say? Elizabeth granted a monopoly for 15 years. And with whom was the monopoly granted? For the Eastern countries. For the Eastern countries. Not for Western countries, only for Eastern countries, meaning those that fall in the East.

Because India is in the East of Europe, they get permission in this way. And the name of the company at this time, writing the company's name, is it clearly visible? Is this color clearly visible on it? Say it once, brother. 1833. Yes, 1833 is also written. We will explain that too. What happened in 1833? This company ended in 1874. In 1874, currently, an Indian, Sanjeev Mehta, has bought it. I told you in Polit's classes that Sanjeev Mehta has bought it. Right? Now, many things were made about it, that an Indian has taken revenge. They looted us, ruled for so many years. It is clearly visible. Okay. So, the name of the company, when this company was formed, it was not the East India Company. Its name was The Governor and Merchants of London Trading in the East Indies. This was the name of the company. What will you say? The Governor and Merchants of London Trading in the East Indies. What country was this company from? Please tell me.

Now, as we often say Britain. Sometimes we say your UK, United Kingdom, or sometimes we also say the word Great Britain. Is there ever any confusion in these words? If there is confusion in these words, then let's clear that confusion. Please draw a small map. I brought that map for this very reason, thinking there might be confusion. It's not like the map isn't here. Yes, here it is. Look at this map carefully. Look at this map carefully, brother, to understand the difference between Britain, England, and UK. What is the difference between Britain, England, and UK? What I am writing, you just have to write that. Then you will always remember. Britain, England, and UK. UK means United Kingdom. What is the difference between these? Definitely write it for those who know. Whenever these names come before you, you will be able to understand the difference. Okay?

See this red mark you see here. I will also draw it. Red mark. That this red mark, from here to here, and your this black part, a name is written in it, England. Can you see the map clearly for all of you? This is England. Okay. If we come here, to this part, look carefully. A name is written here, Wales. What places are these? Wales. This is England. Okay? Above this, if you look here, what is this? Above this is Scotland. What is it? Scotland. This entire area here is Ireland. Ireland. And if we look at this upper part of Ireland, it is called Northern Ireland. Which Ireland is this? This is the whole of Ireland. In this, there is Northern Ireland above. And this is called the Republic of Ireland. Towards the bottom, what is this? This is the Republic of Ireland. Let me repeat. You saw four things. England, Wales, Scotland, and what is this? Ireland. Ireland is divided into two parts. Northern Ireland is above, and towards the bottom is the Republic of Ireland. Is the point clear up to here? Now everything will become clear. So, there is no confusion in England. England is a separate country. England, whose capital is London. England is clearly visible to all of you. It is a separate country. Okay?

Now let's talk about what Britain is. Then, this Britain. Whenever you say Britain, Britain will mean England + Wales. England + Wales. That is, if this part and this part are combined. That is, if we talk about this much, all of it, then what does it become? This much area, combining England and Wales, is called Britain. After Britain comes Great Britain. Then what is Great Britain called? Then Great Britain is called Scotland as well. Scotland. Along with Scotland, Wales, and along with Wales, England. Now look at the map, which three are we talking about? So, when we are talking about Great Britain, it is this, this, and combining these three, we get Great Britain. Give a thumbs up. Is the point clear? This is just England. If Wales is also added to it, it will become Britain. And if Scotland is also added to it, it becomes Great Britain.

Now the fourth word comes, UK. UK, United Kingdom. What will United Kingdom be? Our Great Britain, that is, the one made up of three countries, we add Northern Ireland to it. Only the North, not the South, not the Republic of Ireland, only Northern Ireland, because it is not part of it. It is part of the European Union. It is part of the European Union. Okay? And if we call all of this, we call it the British Isles. It is also called the British Isles. All of this should always be clear to you. Is the point clear up to here? Shall we proceed? Is there any problem with this?

So far, we have learned what Elizabeth did, what Queen Elizabeth did, sorry, what Queen Elizabeth did was that she granted a monopoly, and this monopoly was called a Royal Charter. What did she issue? A Royal Charter. That is, we can say, she issued a royal decree. A royal decree. No one could disobey this. She issued a royal decree saying that no other company would exist. This word is very important. Monopoly. Now understand the story further. So, trade happened. I have told you the story before this many times. Later, Queen Elizabeth expired in 1603. After her, the ruler who came was James I. And James I said that the East India Company now gets a monopoly forever. Forever, meaning the 15-year limitation was removed. Answer once. For how many years did Elizabeth issue the Royal Charter? For 15 years. Elizabeth died in 1603. On the same day, James became king. James I said that the rights of this company will be for forever. That is, for always. For always. Okay, for always.

Now let's come to the very first, Hawkins. Now, efforts were made by them that, look, permission will have to be taken. So, the first ambassador of the East India Company to come was Hawkins. When did Hawkins come? He came in 1608. He came in 1608. Where did he come? Surat. Do you know his whole story? Give a thumbs up once. And in 1609, where did he reach? In 1609, he reached Agra. Agra. Okay? Reached Agra in 1609. Do you know the whole story? He brought gifts and all. First of all, tell me. To whose king's name did he bring this order? What did all these people know that Akbar was ruling there? But Akbar died in 1605. So, the order letter, or the decree they came to get, was in Akbar's name. But Akbar was not there. Then they made arrangements for Jahangir. He reached with gifts and everything. I told you in between that the Portuguese looted him. He also gave a lot of money to the Portuguese. He appeased them, saying, please let us meet. Is the whole story clear?

So, tell me one thing. What I want to ask you is, was Jahangir successful in getting permission for trade? He said that, look, I told Jahangir, Jahangir talked about other things with him. Jahangir gave him an Armenian wife. He made him a Mansabdar of 400. And because he went to impress Jahangir, what kind of impression did he create? Because he knew he had learned all the languages. He learned Persian. He learned Turkish. He learned English. That's why I told you, Akbar said, "Good boy, a Persian man is speaking English." Today, a Persian man is speaking English. So, what title did he give him? We have already read all this in Jahangir. What title did he give? English Khan. English Khan. But he could not get that permission. Yes, he got permission for a small place. He said, "Brother, please give permission for a small place," and that place was Surat, Masulipatnam. He obtained permission for a little bit of trade for those two places. But the plan for which he came with the intention of large-scale trade was not successful. How many years did he stay with Jahangir? Hawkins stayed with Jahangir for 3 years. How many years did he stay, or sorry, not Jahangir, Hawkins stayed in Jahangir's court for 3 years and left in 1611. After him, who came? After him, who came? Middleton. I told you. Middleton. 1600. What will we write? Remember this. He came and obtained partial permission for trade. Partially, in a small way. Remember Hawkins. Remember what he did. He left in 1611.

After this, who did they send? So, they understood that the influence on these Mughals is of whom? The Portuguese had been trading for 100 years. They paid good taxes to the Mughals, so they also had good relations with the Mughals, and they used to visit the royal court. So, all the Portuguese poisoned Jahangir's ears, saying, "Brother, they will sell you and eat you. Why are you getting involved with them?" I said, "Oh, is that so? The man seems decent, speaks English." So, they said, "Do this work with him. Make him a Mansabdar of 400." Mansab means he will provide service in return. So, the idea was that if a foreigner, an English person, comes, he will at least become a translator, a translator. So, they said, "Do this work with him. Why are you making him do trade? He is a translator, he knows two languages. That is his qualification. Do this work with him. Why are you making him do other work? He is not qualified for it." Jahangir says, "You are right, but we didn't know his skills in business. We only saw his knowledge of two languages." So, they said, "Okay. So, the Portuguese were constantly filling his ears, all those who used to go there, your ambassadors, etc. Then what happened? Now the English understood that the influence on the Mughals is of the Portuguese. So, they said, "The first blow must be to the Portuguese." The first blow must be to the Portuguese. So, they sent Middleton. And Middleton is the person who defeated the Portuguese in the Battle of Swally, and the message reached the Mughals that the Portuguese are not the only powerful force. The English are also their powerful enemies. At that time, he made up his mind a bit, and at that time, they succeeded in obtaining some partial permission. Partially, meaning it was not full permission.

So, remember the first thing here. What will we write? First temporary factory. First temporary factory. First temporary factory. We think Hawkins was not completely successful, but he was a little successful. Where was the first temporary factory opened? Masulipatnam. Masulipatnam, brother, write where it was located. Everyone should answer. First temporary factory in Masulipatnam. When was it opened? In 1611. In Andhra Pradesh. Andhra Pradesh. Where was it? In Andhra Pradesh. In 1611. And the first permanent factory that you, companion, opened was possible because of Hawkins, because of the Battle of Swally. It was opened in Surat, and the factory opened in Surat was in 1613. 1613. First permanent factory. Let's call it a permanent trading house or factory. Was opened in Surat. Where is Surat located, friend? In which Indian state? In Gujarat. In 1613. In 1613.

Now, see, I told you a question will be formed that can confuse you a lot in exams. If I do not use the words temporary and permanent, and I ask you, what was the first factory of the British in India? Pay attention to what I am saying. I am not using the words permanent and temporary. Companion, I am asking, the first factory established by the British in India. Then what will you say? Then you will say, brother, it is the one in 1611. Your answer will be wrong. You have to write Surat. Why write Surat? Because the first permission that was granted when Hawkins came to the court, he got partial permission in 1608 itself, that "Brother, we want to do a little business on cotton textiles. Keep him in the court, man. Jahangir was drunk. Jahangir, one day, they gave him a lot of foreign liquor. I told you. He was drunk. Whenever he talked about trade, Jahangir would talk about something else. He would say, "How are the horses there? Can we get such good horses from there?" So, one day, in that state, he said, "Man, you bring the same thing every day. Okay, do a little work in Surat, but a little bit of cotton textiles." So, permission was granted in 1608. In 1608. But when the Battle of Swally happened between the Portuguese and the English in 1611. What happened in 1611? The Battle of Swally happened. In which year did the Battle of Swally happen? The Battle of Swally happened between the English and the Portuguese, in which Middleton fought. So, after the Battle of Swally, he said, "Man, you came here to fight. Uncle, we are sitting on the highest seat here, and you, to sell vegetables, come here for business and then fight? How dare you fight?" They are helping you to do business, and here you are fighting? Everyone explained to him, so the permission was canceled. After this, they say Hawkins apologized. So, in 1611, before leaving, Hawkins left after apologizing, and along with it, he again said, "Okay, absolutely no misbehavior." If you misbehave, we will bury you alive in the ground. He said, "Okay, brother, we will not do it at all." So, he accepted his word. The permission granted in 1608 in Surat, in Surat, was canceled in between and was reinstated. Reinstated because the Mughal ruler was powerful at that time. In 1611, again. So, which will be the first factory? Always write this. It was established. If it wasn't established, we would have written it. So, it was re-approved in 1611. Re-approved in 1611. Okay? No, it was canceled in 1611. Writing 1612 will be better. It was re-approved in 1612. Hawkins spoke for this. While leaving in 1611. But then they thought, other people came, so finally permission was granted in 1612. As soon as permission was granted, they established it in Surat in 1613. This was the time. In 1613, Broach, near Surat itself, Broach, and in Gujarat, Ahmedabad, and where the Mughal Empire was, Agra. They also established small factories in Agra.

Now, their competitors were there, as you all know. Now they thought, "Let's try in areas outside the Mughals." They went to the ruler of Golconda. They went to the ruler of Golconda and said, "Brother, we want to do a small business." He said, "What do you want to do nearby?" "Brother, we want to do business." "What kind of business?" He said, "The kind of business that others are already doing here. The Portuguese are also doing it. We want to do the same kind of trade." Now, what was it? The ruler of Bijapur had also given permission to the Portuguese. He had also told the Dutch. The Dutch had even built a mint in Pulicat. They used to mint coins there. Those coins were gold coins, called Pagoda. These things were already happening there, and that Pagoda was a gold coin for which permission had been granted. Look, one currency was the one that was in circulation by the Mughals. Another currency was minted by the Dutch, Pagoda. Pagoda, brother, you have written it down. The war of 161, 1612. Yes, 1611, both dates are mentioned for it. You say it happened at the end of 1611 and continued until the beginning of 1612, which is why there are two dates for that war, friend. Okay? Yes, 1612 is written. Absolutely, sir. He met Jahangir in 1609. How could he get permission in 1608? Oh, fool, these years, like we are talking about, his meeting was in 1609, so the year between 1608 and 1609, somewhere it can be written as 1608 and somewhere as 1609. Think about it, somewhere the last year is written, so historians write it according to their own understanding. Okay? So, never get confused about that. Never get confused about this. It is a completely correct fact. Yours is not wrong either. Okay?

Understood this much? So, around this time, they also established their factories in other places and also got permission from the ruler of Golconda that, "Brother, we will give you 500 gold pagodas." In exchange for 500 pagodas, he settled that, "Okay, you also do business." So, write this down in 1632. In 1632, from the Sultan of Golconda. Say, the Sultan of Golconda issued a golden farman. Remember it like this, golden farman, that "Brother, let them also do business here, just like everyone else is doing." Golconda Sultan issued a gold farman. An order was issued at that time. Issued a gold farman. Okay, in 1632. And in return for this, they will give 500 gold pagodas. Pagoda was the currency of that time. He said, "Okay, brother, continue." After this, after 1632, they reached Orissa. Write Orissa. 1633. 33. Hariharpur. Hariharpur. We call it Balasore. First, note down their journey a little, so that you will have to understand the reasons and everything later. In 1633, Hariharpur, Balasore. Where is this located? In Orissa. In Orissa. Established a factory. Opened a factory. Write here, opened a factory in Balasore, Orissa, in 1633. Okay, 1633.

After this, in 1639, Madras. What is Madras called today? Tell me. Madras was leased. Leased means like you want some land, you can take it on rent or not? There is a lease, like, let's say, for 99 years, you can take a place on lease. The British obtained it on lease. Madras was leased in 1639. In 1639. And in this Madras, they made their place. They made a center in 1640. In 1640, they built Fort St. George. Built Fort St. George in 1640. Where was it built? In Madras. Where was it built? In Madras. That is, you can also write Chennai. Today, you know it by the name of Chennai. After this, they moved forward. In 1651, their eyes were on Bengal. In 1651, on the banks of the Hooghly. On the banks of the Hooghly, where is your place called Chinsurah?

You can write down Bengal. It's all the same. A factory was established in Bengal. A factory was opened in Bengal. Open a factory on the bank of the Hooghly in Bengal in 1651. In 1651, in 1661, the British Prince, the British Prince, was a prince. British Prince Charles II, Charles II, got married to the Portuguese Princess. You might say, "Brother, love can exist between enemies' children." The Portuguese Princess, the Portuguese Princess, her name was Catherine. What was her name? Princess Catherine of Braganza. Married to Catherine. This was a big turning point. What should we say about this? Write it down in small letters. Catherine, Catherine, married to, married to Charles II, Charles II in 1661. In 1661, what happened as a result of this event? Bombay, which was under Portuguese control, was given as dowry. It was as if their father controlled it, and now it was theirs. Look, they came here to do business and started giving away places in our country as dowry. The entire Bombay was given as dowry. What did they get after this event? Bombay was received as dowry. Who will get it? Yes, Bombay was received as dowry. Bombay, my dear, Bombay was received as dowry. Now, what did he do with it? When was it received as dowry? In 1661. He gave this very Bombay to the East India Company in 1668, in 1668, on an annual rent of 10 pounds. How small a sum, just 10 pounds. A pound today is a bit more expensive than a dollar, just compare it. He gave it on an annual rent. So, when did the British get Bombay? Now, understand everything carefully. Maintain your own common insight. I said they reached Kolkata, not Kolkata port. Here, we told you about Madras, that is, Chennai. They reached Chennai, didn't they? And the third port of India is Bombay. They reached here, didn't they? Today, four metropolitan cities are called metropolitan cities in India. Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata. Now, there is no port in Delhi. So, the three major ports remaining are Mumbai, that is, Mumbai port. One is Kolkata port in West Bengal, and here is Chennai. So, did they gain control over these three, or not? Did the British gain control over all three gradually, or not? You will say, "Yes." So, their power is increasing. This is something to remember. After 1661, the most important thing happened. They got Bombay in 1668. Yes. 1669, the very next year, there was a man named Gerald Aungier. Gerald Aungier. Gerald Aungier, or Aungier, write it down. It's all the same. Laid the foundation of modern, modern Bombay. This island they got, this island was Bombay. He declared it a city and started establishing settlements around it. Who is the person who will be considered the founder of Bombay? Gerald Aungier. Gerald Aungier, in 1669. Gerald Aungier, Gerald Aungier laid the foundation of, laid the foundation of of [music] modern, modern Bombay. Modern Bombay. Okay, so as soon as they had these three ports, they focused on which one is the most prosperous at this time. Bengal. Let's take over Bengal and move towards Bengal, everyone. Okay. After establishing factories elsewhere, they moved towards Bengal. So, that year is 1686. In 1686, a clash with the Mughals. A clash with the Mughals. A clash with the Mughals. Conflicts with Mughals, conflicts with Mughals in 1686. In 1686, this happened in, if we talk about, Tasim Bazar, and Tasim Bazar, Tasim Bazar is in West Bengal, and in Patna. So, there were English factories here. Who was the ruler at this time? Tell me. Who was the Mughal ruler in 1686? In 1686, it was Aurangzeb. And the leader of the British here was named John Child, or Josiah Child, he is also called. Child is the name. The name is Child, but he wanted to do big things. If you don't have the capability, and you want to do big things, it's the wrong thought process, isn't it? First, you have to develop the capability. At this time, the Mughal army was very powerful. These fools had a small army, but he became arrogant. He said, "We will beat them." No problem. So, the Mughal officials who collected taxes from them came to them. He threatened him. Said, "Get lost." Go and tell your father, whoever your father is, tell your father. He said that to him. He left. Now, at that time, the father of all of them was Aurangzeb. You all know about Aurangzeb. He said, "Who is it?" He said, "It's Josiah Child." This Josiah Child is so clever. John Child. He even wrote a letter to Britain and said, "Send us any help you can, cannons, ammunition." We will beat the Mughals. Some cannons and ammunition also came from Britain for him. They said, "The boy has spirit. His name is also Josiah Child. He's a child, so what? He has spirit. He must be thinking of overthrowing the Mughal empire." When Aurangzeb found out, he said, "Drag them here." So, the founder of Kolkata, Job Charnock, was also here. I established Kolkata. He was dragged away in front of his eyes from Bengal, slapped. The Mughal army was powerful compared to them. He was dragged to the Mughal court, slapping him. A very famous picture comes, perhaps I showed it to you in the PPT when I was teaching you the Act. And he was told, "Lie down in front of me first. Now, rub your nose on Aurangzeb's shoe." Aurangzeb made him rub his nose. He said, "What is this mess? What were they trying to do? They created a storm without planning. Everything is a mess." Now, he was told, "Get lost from here." All the other Englishmen, due to the Mughal action, fled. They hid on the island of Sutanuti, near Kolkata. So, he messed up in his enthusiasm. He said, "Do one thing. Pack your bags. All Englishmen, get out of here." So, Job Charnock was a sensible person at that time who handled the situation of the British. Job Charnock went to Aurangzeb and apologized. He said, "Uncle, forgive me. It was a mistake. We are your children. Go away." "Uncle, please forgive us. We are your children. We will starve. What will we eat in life? We have nothing. We have left our country and come here. You are the real owners of this country at this time. We can only hope from you. The owners will starve." I said, "Okay, then why do you misbehave?" He said, "We won't. Absolutely not." He said, "By misbehaving, you say you won't misbehave? You will have to pay a fine." "Uncle, we will pay." "A fine of 1.5 lakh rupees." Aurangzeb collected a fine of 1.5 lakh rupees and said, "Do business quietly, with your ears down. You have come to trade. Don't become a politician here. There is no need to become a politician at all." He agreed. So, what will we say here? What will we say? Job Charnock. Remember Job Charnock. Now, poor John Child. He was told to send them all out of here. All those involved should not be seen in India again. He transferred them all back. He said, "You guys go. You want to do business with us, but you'll get us killed here." So, John Child sent all these people away. So, here, remember, Job Charnock remembered. He took Child back. He also took him back. Job Charnock made the settlement. Job Charnock apologized. Okay? John Child also apologized. It is important to mention this because Job Charnock was a far-sighted person. And Job Charnock is the person who founded Kolkata. Who is the founder of Kolkata? Founder of Kolkata. So, today you know it as Kolkata, in West Bengal. Okay? Remember. When? In 1690. In 1690. And how was this Kolkata formed? He said, "This won't work. If you can get hold of a zamindar." So, what did they do? In 1698, they took three villages from a ruler named Ibrahim, a local ruler. He said, "By combining these three villages, he then created Kolkata." Okay? Write it here. What's the next thing? 1686 is done. In 1687, their headquarters, their headquarters used to be in Surat. They brought it from Surat to Mumbai. The British shifted their headquarters. Shifted, shifted the headquarters in 1687 from Surat to, from Surat to Bombay. In 1698, the year I was telling you about, the local ruler of Bengal, the Nawab of Bengal, Ibrahim Khan. At that time, the Nawab of Bengal was Ibrahim Khan. They obtained the jagirdari of three villages from Ibrahim Khan. They obtained the jagirdari of these villages. Are you writing, brother? Write it down. Important factors are asked in all exams. So, what will we say? Write it down briefly. Nawab gave the jagirdari of, jagirdari of three villages. I also tell you some additional information, so note it down. Three villages. The journey is very long for you and me. Along with a better life, we also have to achieve a successful life. That's why it will require struggle. It's not a trivial matter. Obtained the jagirdari of three villages. So, brother, what are these three villages? The names of these three villages are. The first village was Sutanuti. The second village was Kalikata, which you know as Kolkata today. There was one more village, and that was Gobindapur. Gobindapur. And by combining these three, they built their first fort here, Fort William Fort. Built in 1700, Fort William Fort. It was built in the name of William III, the ruler. Built. Combined these three villages. Built in 1700. Write it down. Combining these three, combining these three, write this down: Fort William was built in 1700. The British are advancing. Now, you must also remember the story of Farrukhsiyar. Tell me, Farrukhsiyar, in 1717, 1717, in 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a dastak. Why did Farrukhsiyar issue a dastak? I would like to know from you. Tell me the name of that doctor, and I will understand. Child, don't add extra things. My request to you. Requesting to you. I will keep reminding you, seeing you getting distracted in a single sentence. Your failure or success. You will be solely responsible for both. If you succeed, you will be responsible. Your other supporting things, whether it's your teachers, whether it's your family members who have provided you with this environment to study, you are able to study. At this very time, someone else might be working as a laborer, and doing very hard labor. At this very time, there might be someone in this world who is struggling for their one meal. At this very time, there might be someone who is struggling for their one piece of clothing. If we have the fortune to be able to study, then consider yourself among the very fortunate people because not everyone gets the opportunity to study. Even the chance to study is not given to everyone. If you have completed 12th grade, graduation, then consider yourself fortunate. No matter in what condition you did it. I am not saying that you have a lot of facilities. Even if you did it in difficult circumstances. But you should think that you deserve to keep yourself very focused. You have to do that. Whenever extra thoughts come to mind. Today I will teach you something. Remind me in class. I want to tell you about manifesting. Manifesting is the process by which you fulfill the dreams you see. So, will the dream you have seen truly come true? Because everyone dreams. So, remind me in the next two to three days. I want to talk to you about manifesting, about how you can truly make that reality come true. We will talk to you for five to four minutes daily on that. And if you follow it, I assure you, you will definitely succeed. Because only a few people are special from others. So, if you become special from others, you will get it. And if you become like others, then everything else is the same. So, in 1717, Farrukhsiyar issued a dastak. Dastak, dastak, dastak was issued. Dr. Hamilton. Everyone issued it. Okay? Farrukhsiyar issued a dastak. Farrukhsiyar, because what was his problem? Brother, he had some illness. Farrukhsiyar issued a, issued a dastak. Issued a dastak. It can happen to anyone, you know. It can happen to you, to me, to anyone. So, what happened in this? Two things happened. One, what happened in this? In the dastak, two things were said: "Don't bother the British. No matter how much they import or export." Two things were done: they will pay an annual sum of 1,000, 10,000 annually. 1,000 rupees, understand. 10,000 annually. And in that 10,000, what will happen? All other taxes of Surat will be free. They can bring and take goods anywhere. No additional import-export tax will be levied. They will just pay 10,000 together for Surat. All taxes of Surat waived for an annual sum of 10,000. Trade-free tax. What will we say? Trade-free tax? No, trade-free business. Trade-free business in Surat, in Surat for 10k, 10k means 10,000 annually. 10k annually. And what else was given? He said, in Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, how much did they take? Just 3,000 rupees. For 3,000 annually, what was said? All taxes of Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa waived. No matter how much movement, they can take their goods anywhere. No other taxes will be levied. They will pay this amount collectively. Okay? Trade-free business in Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa for 3,000 annually. Annually. This is annual. You need to remember this. Any problem, brother? The British had a field day. You will say, "Quickly, any problem, any difficulty in this matter?" Yes, you can definitely study. Arman Chaudhary, no problem. Nature gives you motivation from time to time, doesn't it? Real inspiration. You just saw someone become famous. Tell me, for what? What did they become? Everyone tell me. This is real inspiration that nature gives you. So, I understood up to this point. This is how the British succeeded in their trade. We will put the British on hold here for now because we have to study their further struggles. The picture up to this point should be in your mind: where all the British had established themselves. Okay? Now, I want to show you a map. Relax your mind completely and look at this map carefully. Is it visible to all of you? Look at the top. Is this map visible to all of you? Is what is written here clearly visible to you? Take a screenshot of this and look at it. Say, brother. Everyone will tell me. Sir, today is Rahul Sir's birthday. Yes. Today is Rahul Sir's birthday. Come, on the occasion of Rahul Sir's birthday, let's make an announcement. One, I told all of you friends, that on May 5th, Monday, May 5th, right? From May 5th, we are starting a practice session for all SSC exams. Clear up the practice session, what kind of questions will be asked in all subjects. I have done it before last year, you can see its achievements. Whether it's the SSC CGL exam, whether it's MTS, or any of your one-day exams, whether you are preparing for Delhi Police, whether you are preparing for UP Police, or for any one-day exam you are preparing for. Whether you are preparing for CPO, whether for CHSL, our session will start from May 5th. Okay? And it will start on this channel at 3:00 PM. We will keep it at 3:00 PM. The name will be Nayak 2.0. And this time, for any SSC exam or one-day exam, I can tell you that in terms of productivity, I can say that you will not get more questions from any other series than this one. This is my promise to all of you. We will work equally hard in it. And there will be a total of approximately 30 to 35 sets. And our daily class will be around 1.5 hours. Around 1.5 hours, okay? We will keep 30-35 questions daily. Okay. Is everything clear up to this point? Is there any issue with this part? Now, look, what I want to show in this map. Another thing I wanted to tell you. This time, on May 10th, we were working on our complete GS book. Because it's static. There is a static portion. It comes in many exams. But there wasn't a combined book. If I have to read one book for GS, a common book has been in preparation from my end for a very long time. I didn't give it time in between. Right? Because it kept getting delayed. I've been saying it for a year, but now it's in its final stages. So, possibly this time, it will be available to all of you on May 10th at a 50% discount, at half its price. That's our sale day for the book, the 10th. It's a complete GS book. And I will give you the information in class if it's ready. Okay. In this, look here, it says E for English. Now, identify where the English factories are, those with E written next to them. That is, in Agra. When was the factory built in Agra? Tell me. You will say, "Brother, when your factory was established in Surat, you told me it was built at the same time in Bharuch, Ahmedabad, and Agra." E is written next to Ahmedabad. E for what? English factory. English. D A for Danish factory. D for Dutch factory. F for French, and P for Portuguese, meaning Portuguese factory. And look, here is Bharuch. Where was this? In Gujarat. There was an English factory in Surat. Yes. Who was in Daman? Portuguese. You should know who is where at this time. Portuguese were in Daman. Tarapur, Portuguese were here. In Mumbai. Who got Mumbai? In 1668, the British. We are looking at English companies only. In Goa, there are Portuguese. Look here, the British are nowhere. Here, you will see that Chennai has been acquired by the British. Its rivals are around it. There will be struggles with all of them later. Then I will ask you, "Brother, is it clear now?" No. Yes, it's clear. Are the British in Kolkata or not? Yes. On the banks of the Hooghly river, I told you they had arrived. Yes, brother. They came to Bengal in 1651. They also arrived in Patna at the same time. Who is in Chinsurah? The Dutch. Chandannagar, this is yours, friend, this is where the French are. The French will come when we tell you. In 1692, the French established their settlement here. They established it in Pondicherry in 1674. Okay. Any problem, any difficulty in this matter? Say it. Very good. Sir, I have a doubt. Should I note down the practice sets you will conduct in my notebook? Yes. In every way, I need every single letter of it from you. Whenever the exam is, from this year to next year, prepare it. We will end here today because time is up.

In this. So that you understand the British. So that you all understand the British. Okay? Now, which two have we left? So, due to time constraints, we will end it here for now. Brother, this will tell. We will do French. It's a small topic. We are not in a hurry for tomorrow's class. We will do French and Danish tomorrow. Okay? It will be a very small topic. Consider tomorrow's class as almost one topic, it will take 40-45, not 40-45, but 1 hour. After that, we have to study the struggle. How the Carnatic wars happened between the British and the French. How the British won in the Maratha wars. How they conquered the Sikhs in 1845, or how they won against the Marathas in 1818-19. Or how they ended their conflict with the Carnatic and Mysore in 1799 through four wars. We need to know all this, okay? You can take these classes for any exam, no doubt, for any exam.

Good, you haven't realized this yourself yet. This feeling comes naturally, that what content we are studying. It is so special that perhaps you will only know when you take the exam. When you compare it somewhere, then you will know. Without comparison, it cannot be known. Whichever exam it is, you take it once and then evaluate all other classes or these classes, you will understand then. After that, I can only say this. Tell me about the factories. Yes brother, Dutch factories. Dutch factories. Bimlipatnam, Andhra Pradesh, opened in 1641. When? In 1641. In Karaikal, when did theirs open? In 1645. In Cochin, when did it open? In 1663. Chinsurah, 1653. Remember this, the Dutch factory in Chinsurah, Bengal, in 1653. The British went 2 years before them, in 1651. This is very important in the Mughal period. Regarding Dutch trade, consider the following statements. The Dutch, through Hugli in Bengal, silk. Yes, silk textiles. Didn't I say they stopped their trade? They used to do this work in Hugli. The Dutch, cloves in Surat. No brother, they did not store them here because these spices were in the south. They only stored them in the south. Only one was asked in CAPF 204. The Dutch established their first settlement in Bengal. Where did the Dutch establish their first settlement in Bengal? So, in Bengal, where? Chinsurah, 1653. The Battle of Bidera was fought between the British army and the Dutch army in 1759, which we also call the Battle of Chinsurah. Regarding the British East India Company, which of the following statements is correct? British East India Company, Karnataka Public Service Commission. It was formed in 1599 by a group of merchants known as The Merchant Adventurers. Yes. It was given by Queen Elizabeth in 1600 for an indefinite period, or for 15 years? This is wrong. They decided to open a factory in Surat in 1608. Yes. The company's monopoly on trade was ended by James I in 1609. No, James I ended it forever, not ended. A and C will be correct. Only A and C will be correct. When was the first English factory established on the banks of the Hugli River? On the banks of the Hugli River. A batch for SSC will come later. Okay? That paid batch is separate. The Nayak batch will continue separately. It has its own dignity. Okay? Now this will continue. Didn't I tell you at the beginning? Brother, you will have to give 8-10 months. It will continue till September. Consider it till September. What will be said here? When was it established? In 1651. And after this, when our Static GK starts, Static GK and Science will start together. Right? Or we will make a time for it now. I will discuss it with sir once today. Okay, you guys want Science to be started because your practice session will also increase at 3 PM, then it will be a burden on you. Keep doing things slowly. First, when did the Danish East India Company start its operations? Danish, Danish. We told you in a class yesterday. Danish, tell me. In 1616. We told you about this company yesterday and will ask you. You won't be able to answer questions about the Danes right now. You won't be able to do French. If we had taught today, we could have. This is a question for you. This is homework. You have to answer this. And in tomorrow's class, friends, we will study. One, we will study French, who came to India. Danish, two lines. It's a small topic. We will study these two things tomorrow. It will be a short class. We hope you will keep enjoying and studying. You will keep studying with enthusiasm. I have told you both things. Write down the date of the practice session. Your practice session will start. Your practice session will start, friends, what? It will be from May 5th. I would say that no matter what you have studied, no matter how much of your theory class syllabus is done. This is special. Nayak 2.0, this is a special segment, friends. I promise to boost your score significantly. When you do this, but you have to promise that you will revise everything that I provide you with, all the key points that I provide you with, all the facts that I provide you with, repeatedly until the exam, at least once, twice, three times. Revise it once, so that when you come to the next set, you have revised the previous one. In any situation, whether your theory syllabus is 10% complete, whether it is 20%, whether it is 70%, wherever you are in any situation, you promise that brother, I will do this. It will boost your score significantly. Promise to you. We will put our heart and soul into it. You can ask about the last time, all the friends who took the exam, whether it was CGL, CHSL, or whatever they were associated with. It is always a bilingual set, so you will not have any trouble, neither in Hindi nor in English. Okay. And when will the 2.0 book come? For GS. This is complete GS. This is a complete theory book. That means it will have History. It will have History, your Polity complete. And Geography will be in it. Economics will be in it. Science will be in it. Science will be in it. And which subject is left in this, tell me? Geography is done. Static GK is left. Static GK. For Static GK, that is our supreme book. All these subjects will be in this. Oh, it cannot have criminal law. In a common GS book, you are saying. Criminal law will also be there. Okay. From manifestation, from manifestation, I have told you. Understand this word. Write it in your copy. We will explain it in the next four-five days, friends. Okay? We will explain it here. It's a big process to understand. I learned it, so I hope you can also learn it. Manifestation. Manifestation means, friends, that see, put down the pen now and listen to me for just two-four minutes. It will be very important. Listen very patiently. We all have a dream. Everyone has something. You are studying precisely because you have some dream. Maybe someone's dream is UPSC, finally. And maybe. If it comes before you now, and it makes you sweat, then everyone has given coverage. Nature gives you examples precisely because even if only a few examples from the lower class come. But if others can do it, then you can also do it. So, we all have a dream. It could be UPSC, PCS, someone's one-day exam, someone's CGL, someone's UP Police, someone's Delhi Police, someone's SSC GD. So, they can be different, they can be different for everyone. Or it could be that you succeed somewhere because for a student, the first thing is to succeed somewhere. I will just tell you, manifestation is that process that to fulfill your dreams, what things do you need? What things are needed on the ground that you have to follow? Give a thumbs up once. Yes, brother, we will follow. In the coming days, I will teach you some things. So, today I will teach you the first thing. And if you can work on the ground for that thing, truly adopt it. Then manifestation is that process that what you want to get, friend, first of all, you have to visualize it. Promise me, you will meditate for 10 minutes daily. You will do 10 minutes of meditation. And in those 10 minutes of meditation, what will happen? Meditation means you do it in the morning. Sit comfortably. Focus on your incoming and outgoing breath, how you are breathing and how your breath is going out. Kumbhaka, hold it. Breathe in for 2 seconds, hold for 1 second, and exhale for 2 seconds. Or you can also focus on your stomach moving up and down. You can focus on the breath coming and going. Whatever you can do, in the way you can do it. Sit comfortably. There is no special posture for sitting. But why am I telling you to sit? I am telling you to sit because when you meditate, at that time, you have to bring the situation you want into your mind. What should your life be like? What kind of life do you want every day? This will be my first question to you. What kind of life do you want? So, you must want something. Let's assume you want that my mother and father are there, my parents are there, my younger siblings, elder siblings, who are doing everything for me. Sacrificing themselves. All their dreams are that I become successful. I want their lives to be good. So, you have to think here, imagine all their lives. See them becoming good. Do you know Phelps? Michael Phelps, he has 23 golds. He said in his interview. He said that to achieve what I want, first of all, I visualize it. I see that yes, I am winning. I also see my challenges in it. What are the challenges for me? And to overcome those challenges, I work hard on the ground. So, what is the first thing you will do? You will imagine it. Say yes once. We will imagine that thing daily. It's not necessary to do it daily. Do it every second or third day. But imagine that thing. What do you want? If you want a uniform, then imagine yourself in a uniform. What are you doing? How is your happiness? You want a house, what is that house like? In that house, it's not that you just thought of the walls. Think about the happiness of that house, how much your family members will be affected by this. How happy they will be. Your mother, who is worried today about whether you will be able to do something in the future or not. The child is working hard. Will he be able to do it or not? Think of that happiness, that you have become successful, so you will be able to do this. And this difficult journey will not happen at once. You will say, no brother, the mind gets stuck there. You do this. And when you reach this process, you will reach it in two-three days. After two-three days, I will tell you the second thing. There are six-seven things to do in this. And just read carefully. You all know how to read, that's why you are here in the online class. But we will remove your bad habits slowly. They will be removed, but they will be removed. Think about this process. Okay? For now, this is the task. Those who are wise will have understood and will follow. Others, don't forget to write down this homework. See you tomorrow. Thank you. Namaste. Jai Hind, Jai Bharat. Take care.