Transcription
Hey guys, it's Médicos! Is perfect snails where medicine makes perfect sense. We continue on our playlist called Bleeding and Coagulation Disorders. In my two previous videos, we have talked about petechiae and purpura. They will talk about ecchymosis, the largest form of those subcutaneous microhematomas. With that being said, now let's get started.
Here are the causes of true thrombocytopenia, and they are the same causes of ecchymosis, by the way. Now you can get my antibiotic scores from my website, medicalosisperfection.com. Use the promo code "about70" to get a 70% discount. This discount is only available for five students because twenty students have already got it. It's time to enjoy learning pharmacology!
Treatment of PTK/purpura or ecchymosis depends on the underlying cause. Clinically, thrombocytopenia presents as superficial bleeding skin or mucosal skin, such as PTK/purpura and ecchymosis. Ecchymoses are the largest—more than one centimeter in diameter. Petechiae, purpura, or ecchymosis: similarities first, then differences. So let's start with similarities.
All of them are subcutaneous hematoma or microhematoma. One condition can cause all of them, such as thrombocytopenia. They have the same underlying mechanism, which is a disruption in the vessel wall in the primary hemostasis or secondary hemostasis. Some common causes: thrombocytopenia (why? it's a disruption in primary hemostasis), trauma (why? it's a disruption in the vessel wall).
So what are the causes of ecchymosis? Okay, same as purpura. What are the causes of purpura? Same as petechiae + trauma, vasculitis, and amyloid. What are the causes of petechiae? Thrombosis, venous stasis, vitamin C deficiency, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia spectral deficiencies, and others. For ecchymosis, we add Cushing's, Osler-Weber-Rendu, and scurvy. There is another name for Osler-Weber-Rendu: hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Okay, and scurvy, which is vitamin C deficiency—lack of hydroxylation. What's the enzyme? Lysyl hydroxylase. Just some like suspense. I've talked about that.
Re: significance of PTK, in a previous video called "Petechiae," so please watch my previous video. Thank you in advance. Ecchymosis: large (more than one centimeter), subcutaneous hematoma. Ecchymosis is not the same as a bruise. It's not the same as a contusion, by the way. Bruise and contusion are the same thing, but they are not the same as ecchymosis. Ecchymosis literally means extravasation of blood. Ecchymoses are bigger than purpura, bigger than PTK. The border in ecchymosis is more diffused; of course, it's larger than that of purpura. The mechanism again: subcutaneous hematoma leading to bleeding, tissue hematoma leading to blood. Blood contains red blood cells. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin. Hemoglobin will give you this red/blue/purple color.
Causes of ecchymosis: same cause of petechiae and purpura, plus Cushing's and Osler-Weber-Rendu. In the next video, we'll talk about a special type of ecchymosis, and you will discover that it's not an actual ecchymosis. We'll talk about this in the next video, so please subscribe if you wanna help my channel. And you don't have the money? No problem. Please share my videos with others, like with a lot of people, especially in groups that contain medical students. Please subscribe and join the tribe! Hit the bell to get notified. Follow me on Facebook; I have cases there. Get my notes and my cases on patreon.com/medicosis. Thank you so much for watching, as always. Me safe, stay happy, and study hard!