Transcription
I hope you are doing very well. My name is Siddharth Agnihotri Stylish, and I warmly welcome you. Friends, from today I am starting State Civil. So, this treasure, all the knowledge I have, all the books I have read, I will give it to you. We will start with the history of Bihar. I have already covered the history of all the states, whether it is in the Northeast or Kashmir. The letters will be short and crisp. So, whether it is the Northeast, or the South, or Bihar, or Kerala, we will cover the history of all of them, and I will tell you many things. If you know history, you will know everything. So you will know everything about India. So we will learn about Bihar. Bihar is the first, and that's why we see elections. So, that is a secondary reason, but the primary reason is that India started from Bihar, and today Bihar is seen to be in the grip of poverty. There is absolutely no development, negligible. The politics there has been like that. So, it feels very bad to see that Bihar was so great, so grand. Today's Bihar is not what Bihar was. Bihar had some parts of West Bengal with it, which is today's West Bengal or Bangladesh, West Bengal and Odisha, Jharkhand, all this used to come from Bihar. So, Bihar was very big. So today we see that Bihar is in such a condition, it is very sad. See, the people of Bihar are the most hardworking. The boys there are the most talented. But despite that, the politics has been like this. There has been a slight change since 2005, when Nitish Kumar came. Although there are many difficulties in that too, we will discuss them. So, we will look at the history of Bihar. We will know each thing. Regarding social media, my accounts are in the description and comment box. I have come on Instagram. So, if you want to meet me, I will want to put updates when I travel. So, follow me on Instagram. Now you can get information here that I am going to travel. You can meet me. So, look at this India. This is the map of India. Earlier, it was seen in remote areas. Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Ladakh and Jammu and Kashmir have become Union Territories. Now Ladakh is bigger without registration, Jammu and Kashmir with it. Because you know, it has been bifurcated on 31st. So, you are seeing Bihar. This is Bihar. Okay. It is a state like Bihar, which is a boon. Where rivers flow, passing through Gangotri. There are rivers here. There are fields and barns here. There are also coal mines here. There are good minerals here too. Earlier, Jharkhand was with Bihar, so it was quite good. But that's the thing, if the politics is like that, if you don't have good leaders, you can't do anything. In the South, you have leaders like Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, who are so excellent. This part has developed very rapidly. If you talk about the North, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh. Although Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand were formed in 2000, Uttarakhand was also formed in 2000. But here too, there are no such leaders who can develop them. So, there is a terrible lack of leaders in Bihar. If we talk about Bihar, it is the third largest state by population. If we talk about population, Bihar is the third largest state in India. You can see it borders Uttar Pradesh. To go to Nepal, they say from Bihar, you can see the roads to Nepal from Bihar. It also borders Uttar Pradesh. It shares a long border with it. Then Jharkhand was previously part of Bihar. In 2009, Jharkhand was separated. West Bengal borders Bihar. So, if we talk about Bihar, earlier Jharkhand, parts of West Bengal, Odisha. This was so big, and Bangladesh was also so big. Then everything came under the Bengal Presidency. Now we will see that the story is the same. In Bihar, there are two plains. The Ganga river flows here from west to east. Bihar is a very fertile region. There are three main regions: Magadh, Mithila, and Bhojpuri. These are the cultural regions. If we talk about the world, it is the third most populous sub-national entity. If we talk about area, it is quite large. It has 38 districts in total. Look at the map. You can see this. There are 38 districts. Now, the capital of Bihar is Patna. This Patna, Muzaffarpur is very big. I also lived with Muzaffarpur. Then Champaran. If not Champaran, then it is a sort of India's last movement. When the Champaran movement started. Begusarai, Samastipur, Saharsa, Khagaria. You can see this. Benipatti, Jamui, Nada, Ho, Aurangabad, Kaimur. And if you go this way, Kishanganj, Password, Don, Triksha, Araria, Safal, Madhubani, Sitamarhi, Motihari. So, in total, there are 38 districts. The Chief Minister is the same question, Nitish Kumar. Elections will happen. Now we will discuss the politics of Bihar. The government is a bit hesitant. I will try to tell you everything in a short time, but it is possible that the lectures will be long. You know that in how many states of India is there a bicameral legislature? In Bihar, the legislature is bicameral. It means there is a Legislative Council and a Legislative Assembly. How many states have it? Tell me in the comment box. Bihar is one of them. So, if we talk about the Legislative Council, it has 75 seats. Watch my political lectures. We will discuss the constitution. I have explained what bicameral and unicameral legislatures are. It is made in such a way that those who are not in power can be accommodated here. And the second is your Legislative Assembly, for which elections are held. It has 240 seats. So, the assembly elections will be held in November. And further, MLA, Member of Legislative Assembly, who will join. If we talk about parliamentary constituencies, there are 16 seats in the Rajya Sabha and 40 seats in the Lok Sabha. If you look at the map of India, it is the 12th largest in India. If we talk about area, it is the 12th largest. You will find the most Hindu population here. Hindi is spoken as the language. The official language is Hindi. Additional official language is Urdu. Apart from that, Bhojpuri, Maithili. I told you that it is one of the world's most populous sub-national entities. If we talk about area, it is quite large. Only 11.3 percent of the population lives in urban areas. This is a very shocking figure according to the census. Only 11.3 percent of the population lives in urban areas, which is the lowest. That is, most people live in villages. 36 percent of Biharis are young. Their age is 25 years. Their age is 25 years. The official languages are Hindi and Urdu. Apart from that, Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri, Bihar, all these are spoken here. Now let's talk about history. We will go step by step. I have given you the basics about Bihar. Now we will go step by step. See, I always say that India started from Bihar. Why do I say that? Today we will know. You know that the Indus River is the Indus River. The Indus Valley Civilization was formed here. What are the four largest civilizations in the world? First, the Indus Valley Civilization. Let's talk in chronological order. First, Mesopotamian Civilization, then Indus Valley Civilization, then Chinese and Egyptian. Indus Valley Civilization, which was around 3382. The Indus Valley Civilization, because all civilizations are near rivers. Because in ancient times, there was no artificial intelligence or computers. Agriculture was the only means. So, fields were located near the rivers. Agriculture was done. I have covered full lectures on World History. You can watch them. I have also told you about the Indus Valley Civilization. So, this Indus Valley Civilization was from 3300 to 1900 BC. Now let's understand. When I say basic, I say 520 BC. So, in 2000, add 500. But 2500 years ago, if I say 3320 BC, then in 2000, add 3310, which is 5300 years ago. So, this is approximately 5,500 years ago, the Indus Valley Civilization. And it lasted for about 1400 years. After that, when the Indus Valley Civilization declined, it was a very developed civilization. Then there was a dark phase of 500 years. And then we see that around 1420 BC, that is, about 3434 years ago, 3,500 years ago, the Vedic Civilization, Vedic Culture, Vedic Period. We call both. One is the Early Vedic Period and the other is the Late Vedic Period. The Early Vedic Period was from 1500 to 1000 BC, and the Late Vedic Period was from 1000 to 600 BC. So, the Vedic Period lasted for about 1000 years. Now, we see that this area you are seeing, its mention is found in the Vedas. The mention of Bihar is found in the Vedas. It was known by the name of Magadh. The mention of Magadh is found in the Vedas. This is a very big thing. That is, Bihar is an Indian state. Just as if we talk about Greece, the mention of Varanasi will be found. Similarly, you will find the mention of Bihar in history. And you know that non-Islamic religions originated in India. Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism. Jainism and Buddhism originated from Bihar. Mayya, Bodh Gaya. This is where Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment. So, Bihar is a cultural site, a religious site. Two religions originated from here. First, Buddhism. Mahavir was born. This happened in Gaya district, Jamui. Here it is. So, Bihar is very important. After that came the Mahajanapadas. In 500-600 BC, there were 16 Mahajanapadas. I have written their names here. I will tell you. These are the Mahajanapadas. There were 16 Mahajanapadas. So, in these 16 Mahajanapadas, there were Mahajanapadas in today's Bihar as well. So, we see that during the Mahajanapadas, Bihar was full of prosperity. If we talk about Bihar, if we talk about Magadh, it was ruled by King Jarasandha, whose name is found in the Mahabharata. He was a king in the Mahabharata. His name is found. He fought with Bhima. So, since then, we know the name of Magadh. And he made his capital Rajgir, which is called Rajgriha today. It is also called Girivraja today. It is a tourist site. Isn't it? So, Gautam Buddha came from here. Gautam Buddha got enlightenment in Bodh Gaya. And Mahavir also flourished here, the entire Jainism flourished here. So, it is also a religious site. Now let's come to the historical institutes. This was about the Mahajanapadas. You can see. Now we come to the empires, that is, the dynasties that ruled. So, you will find the first recorded dynasty in the 5th century BC. And after that, the most important was the Shishunaga Dynasty. Okay. I told you that from 1420 to 620 BC was the Vedic Period. After that, the Mahajanapadas. And during this time, dynasties also started to emerge. So, kings and emperors started to rise. So, the most important among them was the Shishunaga Dynasty. The Shishunaga Dynasty ruled over present-day Bihar. You can see. If we talk about Shishunaga, he was the founder. And this dynasty emerged in 642 BC, that is, about 2500 years ago. I will write it down. The Shishunaga Dynasty emerged in 642 BC. Its capital was Rajgir. Later, Pataliputra. Pataliputra is today's Patna. His son, Ajatashatru, and then Ajatashatru's son, Udayin. Ajatashatru shifted the capital to Pataliputra. So, this dynasty lasted for about 200 years, from 642 BC to 412 BC. Then we see that the Mahajanapadas, okay. Then we see another very important empire, the Nanda Empire. If we talk about the Nanda Empire, it was in 325 BC. Mahapadmananda. Although I must tell you that it was founded in the mid-4th century BC. Its establishment was in the mid-4th century BC. And this Nanda Dynasty lasted until Chandragupta Maurya took over. If we talk about the Nanda Dynasty, it was founded by Mahapadmananda. And after him came Dhanananda, who was the last ruler. I will tell you how he was defeated. During the Nanda Dynasty, the people here were greatly oppressed. So, Vishnu Gupta and Kautilya, also known as Chanakya. They were troubled by the Nanda Dynasty. Dhanananda insulted them greatly. There is a very long story about the great insult. I am skipping it a bit. I have separate lectures on Chanakya. You can watch those separate lectures. But he was greatly insulted. So, Chanakya took an oath that until I destroy your empire, I will not rest. And from there, Chanakya started training Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta Maurya was a student of Chanakya. Chandragupta Maurya was playing. Chanakya saw him and said, "This is the one who will become king." And then he started training him. And then we see that Chandragupta Maurya started conquering small kingdoms, consolidated them, and then attacked the Nanda dynasty and took over the entire Magadha Empire. And from here begins our Maurya Empire. And the Maurya Empire is very important. During this time, dominance was established over the whole of India. Chandragupta Maurya. Chandragupta Maurya first conquered half of it. Then came Bindusara. But when Ashoka came in 268 BC, I must tell you that the Maurya Empire started in 322 BC and lasted until 185 BC. So, the Maurya Empire lasted for a total of 137 years. So, first came Chandragupta Maurya, then Bindusara, and then Emperor Ashoka. And when Bindusara's sons were many, Bindusara was very jealous of Ashoka. He did not want him to become king. But Ashoka became king. Emperor Ashoka became king. He used all means. Ashoka's story is fully covered below. In 268 BC, the Kalinga War happened in 262 BC. When Ashoka saw so much bloodshed, the entire field was filled with blood. The mud mixed with blood turned red. He was terrified. From then on, he embraced Buddhism. Emperor Ashoka. And then Ashoka said, "If Ashoka wants, he can conquer the whole world." It reached Afghanistan, which is further ahead. Because it was such a large empire, the Maurya Empire. But Ashoka changed his ways. He said, "From now on, our empire will spread not through war, but through Dharma." So, many missions were sent. Today, you find Buddhism here. You will find Buddhism in Sri Lanka, in Southeast Asian countries, in China. Why is that? Ashoka sent missions saying, "Go and spread Dharma." This is how Buddhism started to spread. And Jainism started to decline from here. And Emperor Ashoka died in 232 BC. The later rulers were not very significant. And ultimately, we see that such a large empire, to manage such a large empire, you need strong leaders. After Ashoka, in 185 BC, this empire declined and ended. A general from China took it over. And then we see a new dynasty emerging, the Shunga Dynasty. After the Maurya Dynasty, in 185 BC. Then, friends, Pushyamitra Shunga. And after that, nothing much happened. Let's fast forward a bit. Then came the Guptas. The Guptas took over the entire region. And in the Gupta period, the Guptas, first Ghatotkacha, then Ghatotkacha, then Chandragupta I. The rule of the Guptas is amazing. Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, who was also known as Vikramaditya. Samudragupta also had many titles. And Samudragupta is called the real conqueror. It is said that he conquered half of India. At that time, India was very prosperous. So, Samudragupta started conquering from one side. And the Gupta period is called the Golden Age of India. Because during this time, the Mahabharata and Ramayana were composed. Science flourished greatly. Great universities like Nalanda University, Vikramshila University, and other universities came here. So, the Gupta period is very, very important. But then, friends, we see the Medieval Period. Let's look at the Medieval Period. Let's talk about the Medieval Period. When the Muslims invaded, they destroyed Bihar. Nalanda University was completely destroyed by Bakhtiyar Khilji, a general of Qutb-ud-din Aibak. You know that. Then the Lodis, then the Mughals. After that, Bihar came under the rule of the Bengal government. Bihar was part of Bengal. So, it was very difficult to conquer Bihar at that time. The Mughal emperor Akbar conquered it in 1576. But before that, Sher Shah Suri was also from Bihar, from Sasaram. He built the Grand Trunk Road. So, when it was under Islamic rule, Bihar developed reasonably well. The Mughals, the Mughal emperors, considered Bihar as the gateway to the empire. So, it developed quite well. Then we come to the British period. If we talk about the British period, the British conquered Bihar in 1764 in the Battle of Buxar. Buxar is 15 kilometers away from Patna, Bihar. This battle was fought there. And Bihar finally came into the hands of the British. The Diwani rights were established. The Bengal Presidency was formed. Bihar came under the Bengal Presidency. This presidency decided the fate of Bihar. Because before this, kings and emperors were ruling Bihar. Here, Islamic rule was not established. So, Bihar was flourishing. But the British period saw significant development in Bihar. In the revolt of 1857, the kings of Bihar participated. And in the revolt of 1857, we see that when everything came under the Crown, the company rule was abolished. We see that the development of Bihar continued. The British, although they ruined Bihar to a great extent, some development did happen here. In 1912, we see that Bihar and Orissa were formed. Bihar was separated from Uttar Pradesh, and Orissa was separated. In 1935, Bengal was separated. So, in 1912, Bihar was ultimately separated from Orissa and Patna was made the capital. When this happened in 1935, we see that the British built colleges here. They built the Prince of Wales College, Patna College. The Secretariat was established here. The Science College was built here. So, in the field of education, Bihar...
The rise of our Independence Movement in Bihar began in 1917. When Rajkumar Shukla approached Gandhiji, Rajendra Prasad also came here. Rajendra Prasad, Rajkumar, and Gandhiji were all from Champaran. Thus, in a way, our modern Independence Movement started from there because the victory in Champaran was the biggest victory, as the British government bowed down. The Muzaffarpur court did not proceed with the case; so many times, to save Gandhiji from Bhaironghati, the magistrate's situation became dire. The Champaran Satyagraha was very, very, very successful. After that, in Bihar, the condition of the people at that time was not very good. Big leaders have emerged from Bihar. In 1947, when India got independence, we see that the post-independence era is very important. If we talk about the post-independence era, we first talk about the period from 1946 to 1961. In 1946, a government was formed. Here, it is very important to talk about two leaders who developed Bihar tremendously for 15 years. The Indian National Congress had a majority from 1946 to 1961. The government of the Indian National Congress was led by one, Anugrah Narayan, and the other, Krishna Singh. Krishna Singh was the Chief Minister until 1948, and Anugrah Narayan was the Deputy Chief Minister and Finance Minister. They set an example and developed Bihar culturally and educationally for 15 years. It seemed that Bihar would leave all other states behind. Krishna Singh is called the true son of Bihar. Anugrah Narayan did such excellent work in Bihar that by 1961, things changed.
From 1946 to 1961, when there was a stable government, everything was great. In 1961, there was a stable government, but from 1961 to 1990, no Chief Minister could complete their five-year term. Chief Ministers kept changing here. Now, let's talk about the 1962 elections. The third assembly, but from here, things started to turn bitter. There will be no stable government, which is the biggest problem in Bihar. The governments here have not been stable. There are very few states where politics is seen as a career. Bihar is such a state where you will still see politics in every street because politics is in their blood. Here, you will see that 58% of Bihar's youth are below 25 years old, and you will see political ambitions in all of them. This is a good thing because the media should come forward. From 1962 to 1967, there were five elections. During this time, Congress got very few seats, only 150 seats out of a total of 18 seats. First came Binodanand Jha, then came Krishna Ballabh Sahay. These Chief Ministers were there until 1967. In 1967, the fourth assembly elections were held. From 1967 to 1969, within two years, Mahamaya Prasad Singh, Satish Prasad Singh, B.P. Mandal, and Bhola Paswan came and went. In these two years, there were four Chief Ministers. In the 1969 elections, there were four Chief Ministers in Bihar within two years. Here, everyone's desires had to be fulfilled. The focus shifted from development to politics, and the decline of Bihar began slowly. Keep in mind that Jharkhand was also part of Bihar then. If Jharkhand had not been separated, its condition would have been bad.
From 1969 to 1972, there were five assembly elections, meaning a term of three years. See, Harihar Singh, Bhola Paswan Shastri, President's rule for some time, Daroga Prasad, Karpoori Thakur, Bhola Paswan Shastri again. Within three years, six Chief Ministers came and went. No one completed even one year, let alone five years. In the 1972 elections, there were two elections. Here, the Congress again won. Out of 318 seats, 167 were from the Congress. Jagannath Mishra was made the Chief Minister first, then Kedar Pandey, and then Jagannath Mishra. This government lasted for five years, from 1972 to 1977. Then, in 1977, the Janata Party came. You know that during this time, a very, very, very big event happened in 1975. The JP Movement spread to Bihar. The slogan of "Total Revolution" was given. This movement spread widely. You will see that this movement in Bihar, in Bihar, brought a lot of corruption to the forefront, political instability, and extreme conditions. In Gujarat, the Navnirman Movement had already succeeded, where Modi led the Navnirman Movement, and the government in Gujarat fell due to the student movement. Similarly, a movement started in Bihar on the same model, and it succeeded to a great extent. Things changed completely from 1975 because in 1975, a student movement happened. From this student movement, leaders like Lalu Prasad Yadav, who are big leaders today, emerged from Bihar. This movement started in 1975. Lalu Prasad Yadav, Ram Vilas Paswan, Nitish Kumar, and Sushil Modi, and many other leaders emerged from here. This movement was started by young and dynamic leaders.
Lalu Prasad Yadav became the biggest name among them, rising very quickly as a leader. In the 1977 Seventh Assembly elections, the tables turned. In 1975, there were movements all over the country, and the Emergency was imposed, along with many other reasons. Raj Narain filed a case, and then Indira Gandhi, due to the fear of going to jail, imposed the Emergency in 1975. After two years, the Emergency was lifted, and the Janata Party won the 1977 elections. Let me tell you, out of 324 seats in 1977, how many seats did the Janata Party win? They swept 214 seats. Then, from the Janata Party in 1977, Karpoori Thakur, who was a wonderful leader, came from a very humble background, used to travel by bicycle, but transformed the whole of Bihar. Although he had his own limitations, Nitish Kumar has a great contribution from Karpoori Thakur. Many big leaders used to follow Karpoori Thakur. Karpoori Thakur and Ram Sundar Das were elected. From 1977 to 1980, these were the seventh elections, and these elections were held for three years. Karpoori Thakur became the Chief Minister first, then Ram Sundar Das.
Now, the first phase of bad governance was also seen. Jagannath Mishra's tenure was not very good. So, in 1980, elections were held. From 1980 to 1985, Jagannath Mishra became the Chief Minister, and then Chandrashekhar Singh. Jagannath Mishra's tenure was not very good, and there was no development in Bihar. In 1989, when the state assembly elections were held, things changed. Lalu said, "See, let me tell you one more thing. From 1977 to 1990, there was terrible chaos in Bihar. The rise of strongmen occurred in Bihar. You will find the most dangerous strongmen in Bihar and UP. The entire election machinery was corrupted. As you have seen in movies, during elections, there is interference, and rigging happens. Booth capturing used to happen in Bihar. Elections were won through booth capturing. There was terrible violence in Bihar. Riots occurred in many places. Bihar's DGP, Gupteshwar Pandey, gave an interview to Lallantop. He explained in a two-hour interview how Bihar was gripped by seven viruses. In Bhagalpur, there were terrible riots in 1989. Bhagalpur is famous for riots, and there were riots in many other places before. So, Bihar was gripped by riots and violence at this time. Open violence was common. It was not reported much. If it was reported, it was a big problem because there was no social media then, and the media was also not very free. Newspapers were there, but Bihar was rarely mentioned, and the courts were also involved. Booth capturing was rampant. During this time, the Janata Dal emerged, the party of Lalu Prasad Yadav and Nitish Kumar. Nitish Kumar and Lalu Prasad Yadav were very good friends earlier, but Sushil Modi says it is very difficult to work with Lalu Prasad Yadav. Sushil Modi is the Deputy Chief Minister of Bihar. Sushil Modi says that Lalu Prasad Yadav is a great leader. Some say that Yadavs vote for him more. Caste politics is very prevalent in Bihar, which is also a big reason for the division. Lalu Prasad Yadav used to get the Muslim and Yadav vote. Lalu Prasad Yadav succeeded in consolidating this vote, although he was a leader, he proved unsuccessful in development. From 1990 to 1995, for 15 years, first there was Janata Dal, then in 1995, Nitish Kumar separated. Sushil Kumar Modi says that it is impossible for a good person to work with Lalu Prasad Yadav. I was watching his interview. This period from 1997 to 2005 was not a good phase for Bihar. During this time, let me tell you, in 2002, there was a riot in Muzaffarpur. I was in the first year of college then. My father was posted there. Crime had also increased significantly. My father felt it. I told you in the morning that he used to tour offices and come back in the evening, and he himself used to be afraid that something might happen. There were many such cases where Lalu Prasad Yadav was accused of scams. Lalu Prasad Yadav was the Chief Minister until 1995. Then, elections were held in 1998. Janata Dal won 122 seats out of 324. In 1995, there were 11th assembly elections, and they won 100 seats out of 325. During this time, Nitish Kumar separated. We see that Lalu Prasad Yadav went alone. In 1997, Janata Dal became Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD). RJD became the biggest party in Bihar at that time, the biggest, meaning the most dominant party. RJD was formed in 1997. Lalu Prasad Yadav faced the fodder scam, so he could not contest elections. His criminal record was established, so Rabri Devi was made the Chief Minister, who is Lalu Prasad Yadav's wife. As I told you, from 2000 to 2008, elections were held. Earlier, elections were held for 324 seats, but in 2000, Jharkhand was separated, so elections were held for 293 seats. In 2000, RJD won again, with 123 seats, more than the Indian National Congress. So, RJD and Indian National Congress formed the government. Let me tell you, from 2000 to 2005, the rise of strongmen and rampant hooliganism occurred. Development in Bihar was negligible. Bihar did not develop in any sector except for riots. This was a 15-year period during which Bihar fell far behind. Then, in 2005, the 15th elections were held, and in 2005, Nitish Kumar came to power. Whatever you say about Nitish Kumar, I will definitely say that although he has many flaws and did not develop as much as he should have, and he is also opportunistic, he has improved Bihar to a great extent. In 2005, the Janata Dal (United) JDU was formed by Nitish Kumar. Nitish Kumar's story is very remarkable.
Nitish Kumar is a topper. Let me tell you, Nitish Kumar studied engineering at the Patna Engineering College. This college has produced amazing leaders. There is a perception about Nitish Kumar that he speaks on issues. The story of Nitish Kumar's marriage is also very famous. What was the situation with Nitish Kumar? Nitish Kumar wanted to enter politics, but he faced ups and downs and lost elections twice. Nitish Kumar's praise is that first, he refused to take dowry. He was a socialist leader. But later, when he went to get married, he found out that his family had a lot of expectations. Nitish Kumar flatly refused. Nitish Kumar said, "No one will take dowry, and I will not get married." The marriage was very simple at that time. You know, in the 1990s, the baraat used to arrive a month in advance, and crowds would gather. But despite this, Nitish Kumar did not celebrate at all. He had a simple marriage with Manju Devi. Chandrashekhar helped him a lot. Chandrashekhar was a minister and helped Nitish Kumar a lot. Nitish Kumar is an amazing leader. Chandrashekhar never became Prime Minister, but he helped Nitish Kumar a lot. Nitish Kumar had lost elections twice at that time. He promised Manju Devi that if he lost the election for the third time, he would leave politics. But that is that. And after that, from 1990 until now, Nitish Kumar has never looked back. His rise was in 2005. From 2005 to 2010, the JDU won 55 seats out of 293. Nitish Kumar became the Chief Minister. He did a lot of development. Bihar had fallen far behind. Nitish Kumar ran many programs, which were very good. The growth rate increased. During Nitish Kumar's time, law and order were tightened. There were many things where Bihar did not develop, but still, he did good work. In 2010, the 15th elections were held, and Nitish Kumar won. The people loved Nitish Kumar so much that out of 293 seats, Nitish Kumar's JDU and NDA together won 206 seats. Let me tell you, JDU and NDA (National Democratic Alliance) is the coalition of the BJP. It is the group of BJP that forms the government together with BJP. So, JDU is also part of it. JDU and NDA together won 206 seats in the 2010 elections, and Nitish Kumar's government was formed again. In 2015, the 16th elections were held. Here, JDU, out of 243 seats, won how many seats? In 2015, the story became very complicated. I will tell you, Nitish Kumar had said that if Narendra Modi came, he would leave the NDA. So, in 2014, when Narendra Modi came, Nitish Kumar was with the BJP. When the 2015 elections were held, Nitish Kumar's JDU won only 16 seats. To form a government, they took the help of RJD. So, Lalu Prasad Yadav and Nitish Kumar, who had separated in 1995, came together again in 2015. Nitish Kumar was accused of doing this. If you have such ideological politics, then there will be a big problem because RJD's son, Tejashwi Yadav, who is Lalu Prasad Yadav's son, became the Deputy Chief Minister. Then, Tejashwi Yadav was accused of mismanagement. And Nitish Kumar then joined hands with the BJP again. Sushil Kumar Modi is the Deputy Chief Minister at this time. Elections are due in 2020, and let's see who wins. Currently, it is speculated that there are three big parties: RJD, JDU, BJP, and Indian National Congress. RJD is a big party. The dominance of Indian National Congress has significantly reduced. RJD is a party that can compete with JDU. But still, it is considered very, very strong. It is difficult for JDU and BJP to fight together, but they are fighting. This is the current situation. Let's see what happens in November. Anything can happen. This was the history of Bihar. I hope you liked it. I have explained the history of Bihar from ancient times to the present. Keep reading, stay happy. Representative: Siddharth Agnihotri, Saini Bharat.