Along with studies, we will do other things. Inside your Prelims, there are five subjects. History, Polity, Economy, Geography, Science. There are two more subjects, Maths and Reasoning. They ask about current affairs. Generally, we don't study it as a separate subject, but current affairs are also asked. Current affairs are also included. They don't ask this in Mains. They say they won't ask it in Mains. These five subjects, they ask them again in Mains. Along with these, they add some other things. They say we will ask Public Administration, we will ask Ethics. They ask these two big subjects, and then they ask small subjects. They are for 200 marks. For example, one subject is Sociology. One is Psychology, one is Yoga Sports, one is Law, one is Management, one is Auditing. In this way, there are six more subjects. These are for 65 marks each, totaling 130 marks, and then 120 marks for a language paper, Hindi and English. 120 marks for Hindi, 80 marks for English, so that makes 200. This becomes 250. This is 350 marks. If you do this in Mains, it will become 800. It's the same thing, those students who study Prelims and Mains together well, they have already completed this 350. They don't need to study it again. They don't need to revise the Mains portion thoroughly again. This Mains portion is for 250 marks and 200 marks. When we study, we will study all these things together. We study for 800 marks together. So, all things are covered. We absolutely do not do it in such a way that we study the Prelims part first and then the Mains part. Then it cannot be done. You cannot separate them like this, saying this much is for Prelims and this much is for Mains. Things are intertwined. But since here in Mains, there are questions of even 15 words. If you have seen Mains, they come in 15 words. Then they come in 50 words. Then they come in 100 words. Two marks, five marks, and ten marks. Now, a two-mark question is a fact in itself, isn't it? What was the name of Kumbha's father? This can be asked in Prelims and also in Mains. This is the same for Prelims and Mains. There is no difference in this now. When and between whom was the Battle of Haldighati fought? This can be asked in Prelims. It can be asked in Mains. Who built the Hawa Mahal and by whom? This can be asked in Prelims. It can be asked in Mains. In whose court was Nasiruddin, and what painting did he create? This can be asked in Prelims. Therefore, you cannot separate them. These will come in Prelims and also in Mains. So, this is just a rough overview. Our effort is that these big subjects, these subjects should continue so that they are useful in both Prelims and Mains. We should take one or two from these other subjects so that our Mains preparation also happens a little bit simultaneously. We shouldn't leave them completely saying we will study them later. Studying both simultaneously is better. These five big subjects of yours: History, Polity, Economy, Geography. Leave Science aside for a bit. Among the remaining four big subjects, there is a very large portion of Rajasthan. Whose is it? When you study History, you will study four types of history, five types of history. In Prelims, you will study four. You will study Indian History divided into three parts: Ancient India, Medieval India, Modern India. These are three. Ancient, Medieval, Modern. You will study Rajasthan's History, you will study World History. But World History is only for Mains. The other four are for Prelims. Then, for example, when you study Polity, you will again study Rajasthan's Polity, India's Polity, World Polity. You will ask, sir, what is World Polity? IR, World Polity, what is happening in world politics? That is IR. What are the relations between which country and which country? Which country is attacking whom? Which country is making which treaty? These are international relations. But that is only for Mains, not for Prelims. World History is for Mains, IR is also for Mains. Then, for example, Economy comes. Economy again, you will study Rajasthan's Economy, India's Economy, World Economy. You will ask again, sir, World Economy. You will study WTO, World Trade Organization. You will study IMF, International Monetary Fund. You will study WB, World Bank. Or any such agreements that happen between countries, you will study all those things. Geography, you will study Rajasthan's Geography, you will study India's Geography, you will study World Geography. But in Economy and Geography, everything is for Prelims and everything is for Mains. History says that World History will not be asked in Prelims, only in Mains. Polity says IR will not be asked in Prelims, IR will only be asked in Mains. But still, one or two questions of IR are asked in Prelims. After all, it can also become a current affairs question, right? What is happening in the war between Israel and which country? This has become current affairs. If asked in Mains, write a long essay on Israel-Palestine relations. It has become the same as Mains. So, it can come from both sides. Therefore, we need to study both things together. There is no need to separate them. From today, make a note of one thing. Whether you take admission or not, whether you prepare here or not, or do it yourself. If you are preparing for civil services, read the newspaper daily. If you don't read the newspaper daily, if you don't have the daily update, it means you are not preparing. You can do anything else. Students have become so lazy in this matter that they wait for a month to end, then the magazine for that month will come for ₹10, and they will bring and read that magazine. The reason is that it should be read daily. You should know what happened in the country and the world today. But I think our generation, let's say, has become very strange in this regard. Most of you who are from rural backgrounds, try to remember a bit. If you recall an event from about 10 years ago, 10-11 years ago. Daily, at 8:45 PM, the radio would be turned on in every house in the village, because BBC news used to come at 8:45 PM, and for 15 minutes, from 8:45 to 9:00, there would be pin-drop silence. And in those 15 minutes of news, every villager would listen intently to what news was coming on BBC. Whether that news was about anything, like there is a war in Kargil, the government has changed, an agreement has been made with America, an earthquake has occurred there. The next day, people would discuss in the village, "Oh, that thing happened there." Meaning, even the most illiterate person had information about IR and current affairs. An English remark from 1905: Japan defeats Russia. Who is defeating whom? Japan, Russia. 1905. India had no connection to it. An Englishman writes in his book, "It is astonishing that every village in India knows that Japan has defeated Russia." Even an elderly villager was discussing, "Oh, Japan defeated whom?" This means all of us were very aware of current affairs. I have taken an oath. I will not study current affairs from current affairs magazines. Why? Wait for a month for the magazine to come. Bring it for ₹10 and read it. Because the market knows and understands this that you are lazy. That's why that magazine comes out. The magazine publisher is confident that you won't read the newspaper. That's why they put the news from one month's newspaper inside the magazine and give it to you. I often laugh that when magazines come, or a student told me today, "Sir, we listen to about half an hour of current affairs online from somewhere. We have downloaded a current affairs app." They were telling me something like that. So I was telling them that, for example, if I also teach current affairs, or some sir teaches, or the magazine person. What do they write? When a magazine comes, and there is an issue between Israel and Palestine, the magazine writer writes, "Recently, this and this issue has arisen between Israel and Palestine. There is a group called Hamas, which attacked here. Here, an agency of theirs, Mossad, said this. Their president, Netanyahu, said that." Something like this comes, in five lines, six lines, or ten lines, they write the whole thing. As much as possible, they will write as much matter as they can. The magazine person will try to summarize and put as much information as they can. You read that magazine once. You read it once. I say, you read the newspaper. For 20 days, you will read the same things. On the first day, it will be reported, "Today, Palestine attacked Israel." The next day, again, "Israel said it will retaliate." The next day, again, "Gaza Strip will be evacuated." The next day, again, "The Prime Minister of India said that the war should stop. Peace relations should be established between Israel and Palestine." The next day, again, "Rishi Sunak said we stand with Israel." If a person reads the same thing for 10 days, then they will remember it, won't they? Read one thing once, and read one thing continuously for 10 days. I always remember those students more who bothered me a lot in class. Why? Because they stood up 10 times in class. So, I remembered their names and faces clearly, "This one is from that batch." There is a student whom I never asked to stand up in class, never asked a question. No, if they come, I do ask, "Hey, firstly, I don't even remember your face. If I remember your face, I don't remember your batch. It seems like a student like you sits here, but are you from the same batch? And you bothered me. I remember you asked me 15 questions." They stand up. But this is because they are repeatedly coming into my mind. Tell me, if anyone asks us our name, "What is your name?" Has this ever happened to you? You said, "I forgot, what was the name?" I do have a name, but I can't remember it right now. Even though we often forget the name of a very old friend, and when we talk to someone, we say, "Hey, that son of Uncle Mama, what was his name? What is his name?" Because we don't say his name repeatedly. You say your own name so many times that if someone wakes you up by slapping you in your sleep, you say, "I am so-and-so." Revision. Things will be remembered only when they are done repeatedly. First, develop the habit of reading the newspaper. Then students say, "Sir, which newspaper should I read?" Whichever you like, even if it has photos, whichever seems more sensational. It doesn't matter which newspaper you read because the news will be the same. If Israel is at war with Palestine, and Bhaskar has published it, then it's not like Patrika won't publish what Bhaskar is publishing. We show Israel attacking England. Why show it here? We show it here. That won't happen. If Modi ji travels to Italy, then Bhaskar will write Italy, so Patrika will also write Italy. They won't make it Germany. There might be slight changes. You will say, "Sir, its editorial was good, its editorial was bad." We will do this gradually. First, develop the habit of reading the news. Read the newspaper daily. Also, develop the habit of reading the newspaper at night. Never read it first thing in the morning. The Collector reads the newspaper first thing in the morning. You will become a Collector. You haven't become one yet. What happens is, if we read the newspaper first thing in the morning, all the news from the newspaper keeps circulating in our minds throughout the day. Those events keep revolving in our minds. Other things cannot enter our minds. Our objective should be that study-related things enter our minds more, and newspaper-related things don't enter our minds as much. Therefore, set aside 45 minutes at night. For 45 minutes, read the newspaper. After 45 minutes, close it. Whatever you have read is fine. Gradually, gradually, you will understand how much to read in 45 minutes. Even if you read only one news item in 45 minutes, just read that much today, won't read more. Tomorrow, you will see, on the second day, you will understand. There is no need to read "Five dead, two injured in the clash between the trailer and the tempo." Or "A stray bull crushed an elderly person in the vegetable market." You don't need to read this. You will understand yourself whether to read this or not, how long to read it, how long not to read it. Try to ensure that whenever you study any subject, study it outside. Always keep a rough notebook and pen with you. If you keep writing while studying, it means your concentration is very good. Just reading alone, sometimes it will happen that you sit with a book, you were reading. After half an hour, you realize you are still on the third line. Because I went to the village in between. I was in the village for 27 minutes. I hadn't turned the next page. But if you keep writing, then the pen keeps moving. You read here, write here. You read here. So, there is a balance. This should always happen. Try to fill one rough notebook every 10-15 days. Even if you filled it by writing down current affairs, or by writing down what you were studying, or by writing those things again during revision. Whatever random things come to your mind, write them down. And by reading the newspaper, you will also learn how to write words. Most of you don't know how to use the 'u' and 'ū' matras. Then, in the grammar paper, which is the fourth paper, the English paper of 200 marks, your marks are 57. For those who are good, they get 128. What is the gap? Approximately 70 marks. Where will this gap be filled? Last time, from our place, Ms. Padma Chaudhary got a rank in the top 50, rank 24th or 25th, maybe 21st rank. And in this Hindi-English paper, she got 150 out of 200. My roommate did not get an interview call. He missed the interview call by two marks. By two-three marks, he missed the interview call. So, we said, "He didn't get an interview call." "He didn't get an interview call." So, we asked, "When will the marks come, then we will see?" When the marks came, we saw that in the fourth paper, he had 67 marks. Such low marks. So, he told me one thing, "Sir, this Ms. Padma, who got 150 marks in Hindi-English, and I got 67 marks. Meaning, I am 80 marks behind her. She has 148, I have 67. In the other three papers, I am equal to her. One paper is not even getting me an interview call. One paper is making her an RAS. Properly in the top 20 of RAS." Now, the student says, when I am teaching History sometimes, I also tell students that they are different. One is this, more than one is this. I write it down. "He was the son of Jaswant Singh." He writes, "He was the son of Jaswant Singh." So, it cannot be sons, it must be son. "He was the son of Jaswant Singh." It's singular, so how can it be sons? You yourself have written two names above, so then it should be 'they' and 'were'. When I tell him this, he says, "You know, it's okay in History. Why do you get so stressed, sir? You get too involved." "Why did you put this dot here? This 'reeta' goes away." I tell him again, "Yes, it's okay. Maybe no one will see it. Accept this, but it's not like you make mistakes in History and not in Hindi. You don't apply a filter. When the Hindi paper comes, I don't feel like it, sir. It happens here. When Hindi comes, my soul becomes different, and I become completely grammatical, and I follow the grammar exactly. It doesn't happen like that. Therefore, you try to write correctly. You try. So, when you keep reading the newspaper, some words come up that make us realize, 'Ah, this is written like this. Is this written like this?' Many times, I myself say while walking, 'This task was extremely urgent.' Then the student looks at me, 'Urgent is written like this? Many wise people read it. They think, 'Urgent cannot be written like this in this lifetime.' Then they write 'ati avashyak' (very urgent), separating 'ati' and 'avashyak'. But they won't be written together because they haven't seen that word. That child is not at fault at all. They haven't seen that word. You can only write what you have seen. You can only write what you have heard. A word heard for the first time, seen for the first time, you will always have to write it after seeing and hearing it. Otherwise, if you make it a regular habit, things will gradually become useful. Therefore, whether you take admission or not. Whatever you feel is right. After three days, you might feel, 'No, I will prepare by sitting at home.' Do that. Prepare by sitting at home. But still, take my advice not like a teacher, but like an elder brother: develop the daily habit of reading the newspaper. You will read daily. I often laugh in class that if a person lives in India, they must know three things for sure. They must know for sure what is happening in cricket. They must know for sure what is happening in politics these days. They must know all the affairs of the actresses. They must have complete information about Bollywood: who is fighting with whom, which actress is having an affair with whom. Because in India, these three things are discussed. Therefore, if you sit among 10 people in India and know about these three things properly, you will make a good impression. People will say, 'Wow, what knowledge you have! Where are you getting all this news from?' Bollywood, cricket, and politics. At least these three big things should be known. Where to find this? It's not like we can call Karan Johar first thing in the morning and say, 'Brother, tell me, is anything new happening in the market?' So, we will read from the newspaper. The point is, we should be aware of what is happening around us. Whether it is world politics or Indian politics. It's election time. I say, we don't have to contest elections. In my last seven generations, no one has contested an election. Not seven, after independence, four generations have passed. No one even contested for Ward Panch. But despite that, I am very interested in that news.

It is fun that I feel no, friend, we should know. We should know all 200 assembly constituencies, who is contesting from BJP here and who from Congress. If you read the newspaper daily, you will also find out some four things in the newspaper, like, friend, their votes are more here. Their votes are more. Their side is stronger, their side is weaker. This person won here last time. This person won here. I am telling you, friend. Whether to do it or not is a different matter. What will we gain from this? It's a side matter. It's a peaceful time. We can study. We should know, and knowledge grows slowly. It never happens that you suddenly go to a coaching center, and some things are taught to you, and you will get it. I feel very strange. Nowadays, I sometimes ask children to name five ministers of India, and the child looks back at me and says, "Sir, Modi ji." And then, if he remembers another name, he doesn't remember which ministry it is. If he remembers the ministry, he doesn't remember the full name. This is wrong, isn't it? We should be updated about our surroundings. But this responsibility increases for you because you are preparing for a specific exam. If you were preparing for something else, I wouldn't say you should just bring a magazine and read it for 10 days, and it will come in the prelims. The prelims paper will be objective, and you can write it. But here, you also have to give the mains. Here, you have to write in detail in the mains. What will be the impact on India from Israel-Palestine relations? I remember in 2008 and 2012, perhaps in the 2010 and 2012 mains, the question was asked twice consecutively. What will be the impact on India from the change of president in America? Once Barack Obama came, and the second time, Sir Trump came. Both times they asked this question. Which were the two consecutive mains? I am forgetting. But whoever has read the newspapers properly has formed good views. One person who studied in classes and wrote only what the teacher taught. Another person has four more points and will be able to write properly. This is not about just reading newspapers. Second, whatever is taught daily, like I taught you history. Vijay Sir came and taught you economics. You should memorize it daily. Do not postpone today's work for tomorrow. Tomorrow means it should be memorized before tomorrow's class. Emergencies are different. You can say, "Sir, I was sick." Someone at home was sick. I had to go. I couldn't come to class. Leave exceptions aside. Otherwise, try to come at 3 PM tomorrow. Before that, memorize everything taught today. Also, try to revise the last three days' lessons daily. I taught today. You read it at home today. I will teach again tomorrow. You read tomorrow's lesson. Read today's lesson too. I will teach the day after tomorrow. You read the day after tomorrow's lesson. But also read the lessons from the previous two days. When I teach on the fourth day, forget the first day's lesson. Read the second, third, and fourth. When I teach on the fifth day, forget the first and second. Read the third, fourth, and fifth. This means how many times you will have revised a topic. In about 15 days, we will take a test. We will take a test. We will take a test on Monday, so you will come back after reading everything on Sunday. If something is read four times, you will not forget it. You will forget it, of course. But it will still come out of your mind somewhere. But if you revise it again, it will take time. Otherwise, what does a student do now? When we teach in class, you will remember most things in class. We teach very slowly. There aren't many things that you won't remember. Your mind also works fine. So you remember. You remember in class. And if you look at it a little at home, you feel you have remembered it. The next day, we will come and ask you about the previous class for 15 minutes. You will answer all our questions. You will be happy, thinking, "I am remembering." We will be happy, thinking, "The children remember everything I taught yesterday." But after two-three months, you will complain, "Sir, I am studying ahead, and behind, Sir, that history you taught, you left it. Now our Polity has started. Vijay Sir taught Economics, you left it. Now our Geography has started." So we feel that we don't know Polity and Economics because we read them only once. If we had left them after reading them two or three times, and then we took tests in between, even if Polity and Geography were ongoing, we would randomly say, "It's an Economics test." We want that in the remaining seven days, even if you study for two hours, you read Economics, so we can test it on Monday. We will make every effort from our side so that you don't forget those things. You revise those things repeatedly. But that entire Economics register will be revised in seven days after two months only if you revised the previous three days daily while we were teaching. And try to revise the topic taught daily for five to seven days, leave it. For about 10 days, we will teach very slowly, very basic things, so that you get accustomed. Our frequencies match a bit. After about 10 days, we will cover one or two topics properly. After that, bring old papers from the market. From the market. Like if you are studying Economics, there are also papers for R.A.S. and I.A.S. in Economics. Whatever exams have Economics papers, they are available in the market. You ask for old Economics papers, and they give you all of them. For example, if I teach you Rajasthan GK, then old Rajasthan GK papers. Rajasthan GK is asked in all exams in Rajasthan. It is asked in Constable, in Thanedar. There are so many exams for teachers. Even doctors and engineers are asked. If you are becoming a J.E.N. in Rajasthan, you still need to know Rajasthan GK. Even if you become an engineer, you should know Rajasthan. Even if you become a doctor, you should know Rajasthan. So, in the papers of Rajasthan GK every year, there are questions from Rajasthan GK. In 200-300 questions over so many years, combined, there are many questions. For example, if I was teaching you Kalibangan and I taught Kalibangan. You should try to solve all the old questions asked about Kalibangan. This way, you will know two things. First, you will know if the teacher is teaching correctly. Sometimes it happens that the teacher is teaching, you are enjoying it, you are clapping, "Sir, it's fun. You teach so well," and after two months, you realize that the questions are not coming from what the sir taught. And the sir just fooled us for no reason. What's the point then? Otherwise, if you see even one question outside, you will come the next day and ask, "Sir, you taught this, but you didn't tell me this." I will have to answer it. Either I will say, "If I know, I will tell you immediately," or if I don't know, I will say, "I will find out and tell you tomorrow," but you will get an answer. But you will also know how many you know and how many you don't. Why trust someone falsely? Try it first. I remember once we had a batch for First Grade, a batch of teachers, and our teachers couldn't go there. There was an R.A.S. vacancy here, so they brought a sir to teach science, or someone else brought a sir. So I went and told the students, "Look, this sir is for science. He is not the one who teaches for R.A.S. He is different. So you see if the sir is teaching well, otherwise I will arrange for someone else." The next day, I asked the children, "Wow, sir, it was fun. What did you teach? What did you find?" We were even happier. Otherwise, when we bring a new teacher, we are afraid that our students might say, "We won't study from this teacher." And if the students say that, then we have to change them. What else can be done? And I said, "Very good." The next day, I thought again, "What if the person pleases them on the first day? The second one will come." "Sir, don't worry, we are enjoying it." "Oh, I'll tell you, you should teach them for R.A.S. too." It's been 101 days. They taught a topic. Then many students came to Dilip Sir and said, "Sir, the topic he taught is not in our syllabus." "Then why were you studying it? You were enjoying it. The topic was interesting." What's the point of that? We studied what is relevant to our exam. The objective is not to keep the students happy. The objective is not to teach anything that is not relevant to your exam. Our benefit and your benefit will only come if I teach only what is relevant to the exam. I will only tell you what is relevant to the exam. You also benefit from it. I remember I was a student of Sir. When I started teaching, Sir told me something very good. "Raj, don't teach too much. Teach a little bit." Because I was young, new, I said, "Sir, no, I will make them write so much that not a single question will come from it." The teacher always wants that not a single question comes from what they teach. Sir said, "Rajveer, make them fill five registers and then guarantee that out of the 20 questions in Rajasthan GK in R.A.S., all 20 will be from my notes. No question will be outside." This is foolishness. Instead of this, make them fill one register. Even if 16 questions come, it doesn't matter. If four don't come, they don't come. You can say they didn't come from what I taught. Is this a test of your knowledge? The child should remember. If you make them fill five registers, and all the teachers make them fill five registers, then there are 18 subjects. When will they revise 90 registers? Read one register repeatedly. If it's 16, 15, it doesn't matter if five don't come. But what the child has studied, they should be able to do the questions that come from it. You will make them fill it. You might have memorized it, learned it. How will the child revise? Out of those 20, only three will be done later because they haven't studied those things. This means study less, but read them repeatedly. Students often ask, "Sir, I will read these notes. What else should I read besides this?" When you have read the notes, then read something else. And your notes will never be complete in your life. Bring me a single person who has even got the first rank and says that they remember all their notes. Look at the mains merit. Look at the prelims merit. For the last four times, since the mains have been conducted in the new pattern, the merit went to 350 the first time. The second time, the merit was 327. The third time, the merit was 344, but last time the merit went to 314. 314 out of 400. This means it's not even crossing 50%. It's not even 400 out of 800. This means it's not even crossing 50%. It's not even 45%. 350 is 45%. This time, it's not even crossing 40%. That's 320. So, it's just average. So there's no need to become too intelligent and get stuck on one subject and only study that subject. Pay attention to others too. Jack of all trades, master of none. A jack should know a little bit of everything. Be a master in something. If you want to be a master, then do M.A., Ph.D., Net J.R.F., become a lecturer. Then whatever work you have here. Sometimes, when I teach history, I mention that such and such a war happened. The student later wants to dig into that war, like, "Sir, if there's soil from it, can you bring it so I can keep it at home?" How many people were there? When did it happen? What time did it happen? How many horses fought? Which way were the horses facing, sir? So I feel we don't just have to study one war or one subject. We have to study many things. Whatever is taught, memorize it repeatedly. When this is done and you have memorized it, we will tell you what else to study. We will tell you that you also need to study this, and this too. Which coaching center would want its students to have fewer selections? Our main objective will be when there is a vacancy of 1000, all of them are from us, not from anywhere else. If someone from those 1000 asks about the coaching Springboard, we won't need to advertise, give ads in newspapers. Students will flock to us, there will be a line. But if we start teaching and there are no selections in the vacancy, then who will come anyway? How many ads do you give in the newspaper, what difference does it make? This is what will happen. We will always want your welfare. Your welfare can be in these things. All the points mentioned. Do you understand? Remember two or three things of mine, otherwise, revise daily, revise for three days. Study the same topic continuously for three days. Revise it before coming to class. Read the newspaper before sleeping, and read the newspaper daily. It's possible that sometimes you have a fever for two days. You get a fever. You can't come to coaching. "Sir, I can't sit." It's difficult to sit there for four-five hours. "Sir, I'll rest for 2 hours." I want you to rest too. If you rest for two days, you will come back healthy on the third day. And if you come even with a fever for two days, you will have to rest for the next 20 days. You might have to be admitted to the hospital. And even during those two days, you can still read the newspaper. You don't have to memorize the newspaper. You have to read it. Read it cursorily. But when you read something 10 times, it gets memorized automatically. You won't even know when those things settle in some corner of your mind. And those things will start coming automatically. Do you understand? Now, when we start here, Vijay Sir will have taught economics. Indian Economy started. What did he start? Indian, right? Many of you students will say, "Sir, today we studied Economics." What did you study? Economics is 'Arthashastra'. Our topic is 'Arthavyavastha' (Economy). There can be many types of economies. It can be America's, China's. We study Indian Economy. What do we study? So you are studying the Indian Economy. So our effort is to keep teaching them one subject, Indian, and along with it, one subject from Rajasthan. So there's a good balance. If Indian Economy is running, I can teach you Rajasthan's History and Culture. When my Rajasthan's History and Culture are finished, we can replace it with Rajasthan's Geography or Rajasthan's Polity. Along with that, we can put Geography. Indian Geography. If Indian Geography is finished, we can put Indian Polity. Along with that, Rajasthan's Economy. So that there's some balance, and it remains good. So both things come together. The reason is that out of the 150 questions in the prelims, more than 50 questions are from Rajasthan. In that exam where the merit is less than 50%. If more than 33% of the questions from one subject come, you should study it more. Then they ask it in the mains. Then in the interview, it's the same thing again and again. Because the person interviewing you, I always tell students, "Sir, what will they ask in the interview?" They can ask anything. Whatever comes to their mind, sitting on that seat, they don't have to prepare what to ask. Whatever comes to their mind, they look up at the fan, it's running fast, they say, "Tell me what the fan works on." You have to tell them. If the other person asks a question, then because they are old people, they haven't studied new things, so they ask like that. They say, "Where did you do your 10th?" "Sir, from Kota." "Tell me the names of 5-10 new places in Kota." From your answers, questions arise, from questions, answers. They don't do anything on their own. You said five, you said, "Hawa Mahal is in Kota." They say, "That's in Jaipur." You say, "Sir, there's one in Jaipur too, and one in Kota." They will pick up from there. "Who built the one in Jaipur?" "Why is it called Hawa Mahal?" You say, "Sir, queens watch the procession of Teej and Gangaur here." They pick up from there. "Oh, what are Teej and Gangaur?" You answer about Teej and Gangaur. "This is Teej." "What does 'Gaur' mean?" You say, "Sir, it is Parvati ji, it is this, it is that." They will again ask another question from there. "How many days do you worship Gangaur?" We probably start after Holi. You answer it. They ask again. "What do you take to worship Gangaur?" They haven't made any question on their own. You gave them questions. What are you giving them? Answers. So, most questions there are about Rajasthan GK. They ask you more. "Oh, you are from Jaipur. Tell me five problems of Jaipur?" "Yes, sir, chain snatching is common. Snatching happens. Someone on a bike comes and snatches the mobile, sir. I was walking, talking, lost in my own thoughts, and someone snatched my phone." What other problems? "Waterlogging happens during the rainy season." They pick up from there. "What is town planning? How should it be? Water should not accumulate in the city." They pick up questions from there. This chain snatching happens. What should be done to stop it? You must have studied something in law. They will pick up things from there. So these things are more useful there. So newspaper matters, Rajasthan GK matters, the entire interview revolves around them. So you should do these things perfectly. So, they have taught Economics today. Let's start Rajasthan today. Write down History of Rajasthan. History of Rajasthan. You must have studied history up to 10th grade, all of you. How many people had history in 11th and 12th? How many people had history in BA? Oh, quite a few. Well done, brother. Whoever had history, you must have studied it. You must know a little bit. Otherwise, you must have studied it up to 10th grade. You must have studied it up to 10th grade too.

You would have noticed that history is divided into three parts. One part is ancient. Another part is medieval. And another part is modern. Isn't that right? You will read the history of anywhere in the world. I say, tomorrow when you become an RS officer, you will say, "I want to know about America." What will you have to study about America? You will have to study its history. So what will you study? Ancient history of America, medieval history of America, and modern history of America. You will say, "I want to know about Sirohi in Rajasthan specifically." So, ancient Sirohi, medieval Sirohi, and modern Sirohi. You will divide the history of anywhere in the world into three parts: its ancient, its medieval, and obviously, its modern. India's history is also divided this way. This history of India was written by the British. Who wrote it? Because before that, we had separate kingdoms. We had a situation where Gujarat was ruled by a separate king, Delhi was ruled by a separate king, Malwa was ruled by a separate king. The king of Jodhpur was separate, the king of Jaipur was separate. If the king of Jaipur were to get history written, whose history would he get written? Jaipur's. The one from Jodhpur? Jodhpur's. The one from Patiala? Patiala's. And the one from Baroda? Baroda's. So, we didn't get the history of the whole of India together in this manner. Yes, we would get a lot of things broadly. But a complete, unified account was not available. When the British came, they defeated all the kings and brought them under their control. It became one. Political uniformity and administrative uniformity, both were brought by them. Now, Punjab was theirs, Bengal was theirs, UP was theirs, Tamil Nadu was theirs, Bombay was theirs, further Karnataka was theirs, Kerala was theirs. Everything came under their territory. So, they then said, "Write it all together." So, a history by the British came out. Its name was Mill. James Mill. What was his name? So, James Mill said, "I will write it." So, James Mill also divided his history. One ancient, one medieval, and one modern. So, we asked, "What is the basis? From where to where is ancient? From where to where is medieval, and from where to where is modern? There must be some criteria." I would say, "Make it ancient up to here. Make it medieval up to here, and modern up to here." What is that criterion? He said, "Oh, it's not difficult with Indians. It's very simple." How? He said, "Look, I'll tell you some words. Listen to them. What are the words? One word is Kalidasa. One word is Mudrarakshasa. One word is Abhijnanashakuntalam. One word is some Upanishad. One word is some Swapnavasavadatta. One is Kiratarjuniya. One is Pulakesin. One is Harshavardhana. One is Rajarajeshwara. One is some other Narasimha Varman. One is some Mahindra Varman. Mihir Bhoj. Mihir Kula. How did the names sound?" He said, "Wow, they sound great. Sanskrit names, aren't they? They sound very good." He said, "This is the ancient period. What is this? This is the period where words like Sanskrit are coming. What is this period of yours?" He said, "Now listen further. Now I'm changing." He said, "Ya bin Ahmad, Sir Hindi, Abu Bakr, Salatin, Fatwa, Abu Bakr, Isami, Fatwa us Salatin, Hasan Nizami, Tajul Masir, Akbar Nama, Ain-i-Akbari, Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi, Tarikh-i-Firoz Shahi." This time we said, "The situation has changed, emotions have changed, man. Completely." He said, "This is your medieval period. Just as Muslims came to India, they brought the Persian language. So, which one is this?" He said, "Listen again further." He said, "I'll tell you. Asiatic Society of Bengal, Code of Zendolos, Lord Curzon, Lord Ripon, Vernacular Press Act, Cooperative Societies Act." They said, "Oh, so you've gone into English." He said, "When the British came, that is your modern period. When Hindus were ruling, when Sanskrit was prevalent, that was your ancient period. When Muslims came, when Persian came, that was your medieval period. When the British came, when the English language came, that is yours." So, they divided the history of India broadly into three parts: ancient period, medieval period, modern period. The Sanskrit one, the Persian one, the Persian language, and the English one. So, they went on dividing it into these three. Just as India's history was divided, whose history was divided? Rajasthan's. Brother, divide Rajasthan based on India's. Divide Jaipur based on Rajasthan's. The classification will be straightforward. There will be no change in the classification. Then we observed that when we teach you Ancient India, we will take one month and fill one register for you. Then we will teach you medieval. We will teach it again for one month and fill one register. Then we will teach you modern. We will teach it for one and a half months and fill one and a half registers. Meaning, all three are equal. Modern is a bit more. The others are a little less. But it's roughly equal. But in Rajasthan, this is not the case. In Rajasthan, when we teach ancient, when I teach in your foundation batch, I take four days. If I have to teach in the preliminary exam batch, it takes one and a half days. So, do it quickly, brother. The preliminary exams are looming for the students. The reason is that not many activities are seen in Rajasthan during the ancient period. Because in the ancient period, we are talking about the rule of kings, and in the ancient period, kings ruled only where there was more water. Because a kingdom will be built only where there is more water. Because if there is water, people will settle there. If people settle, they will farm. If they farm, they will have wealth. If they have wealth, there will be looting. If there is looting, there will be a need for defense. If there is a need for defense, kings will be formed. Therefore, you will find most of the kings of the ancient period in UP and Bihar. What was the capital of India? Pataliputra. Which was the capital of India? Pataliputra. So, that region is more developed. The more developed the region, the more developed its history. We don't have many people here. So, the history is also just about average. I say, the entire Indian. Now, it's fine. I will teach you Rajasthan first. If Indian history is taught first, and Ancient Indian is taught, then in 27 days of classes, you will not hear the name of Rajasthan even seven times. Only in a few places will it be mentioned. Kalibanga. Somewhere, an inscription of Ashoka was found from Bhabru. Somewhere, there is a pillar of Samudragupta obtained from Bayana. In three or four places, you will hear the name of India, and then Rajasthan. Now you come to the medieval period. In the medieval period, people started becoming a bit wiser. Initially, people used to settle where there were rivers. Gradually, they realized that one can settle away from rivers too. So, where will they get water from? They said, "We will dig ponds, build lakes, bring canals." Therefore, in the medieval period, the capital of India became Delhi. Which became the capital? Delhi became the capital. So, settlements are coming towards our side. So, in the medieval period, we also had a lot of settlements. We had more settlements. So, there were more people like us, so kingdoms started to be formed here. Therefore, the biggest history for us is this medieval period, where many kings were formed. They have different capitals. They have different kinds of wars. Their treaties, their wars with each other. Frequent wars with the people of Delhi. Attacks are coming from Afghanistan. Their wars, because we were a border. So, whoever came from Afghanistan, definitely came towards us. So, we have a lot of wars. Therefore, the biggest history of Rajasthan is its medieval period. The ancient one is a matter of three-four days. The medieval one consumes about 25-26 days because you have to study many wars, many dynasties, many things. Then comes modern. Modern is when the British rule came. Now, looking at it from that perspective, modern is also small for us. Modern can be finished in about 10-15 days. If taught in the preliminary batch, it's 10-12 days. And in the mains batch, because we write it properly, considering the causes and consequences, it will be about 20 days. You will have to teach this modern in about 20 days. Why is modern less? Because we say modern was when the British ruled. In Rajasthan, the British did not rule. They did not even come into the British India. When the British ruled, India was of two types. One was the India where the British ruled. One was the India where the British did not rule. The India where the British ruled was called British India. Like UP, MP, Bengal, Bihar, Punjab, Bombay, Madras, Kolkata, Kerala, all these came under it. We did not come under this. Because the British did not rule here. Then, sir, who ruled here? Kings did. Kings sat here. These kings had treaties with the British. They were slaves of the British. The British did not rule here. Therefore, in the national anthem, the names of everyone else are left out. Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha, Dravid, Utkal, Banga. Where are you in this? Punjab is there, Sindh, which went to Pakistan. You don't have it now, but it's there. Gujarat is there, Maratha means Maharashtra, Dravid means South India, Utkal means Odisha, Banga means Bengal. Look at the whole thing from top to bottom. Punjab, Sindh, Gujarat, Maratha, Dravid, Utkal, Banga, the whole of India. Except you, because in 1911, when Rabindranath Tagore was singing this song, you were not even part of India. You were not part of India, so your name was also taken in it. I always tell this. I was very young. I loved listening to stories. My grandfather used to tell me stories. But my grandfather's stories were all about Ramakrishna. Ramji came there. Ramji did this. Krishna did this. Naradji came. Shiva told God this. Mythological stories. In between, sometimes he would tell us a little story about kings and emperors, that this happened during the time of so-and-so king. I was in third or fourth grade. The teacher taught about Bhagat Singh, about Gandhiji, about the National Movement. I thought, "These are great souls." I came home and asked my grandfather to tell me stories about Gandhiji and Bhagat Singh. So, my grandfather said, "What stories do they have? Oh, they fought for the country." He said, "Yes, they fought. So, listen to their stories." He said, "There are no stories. What are you talking about? You don't know their stories?" I said, "No, I don't." Why? "Because you didn't see the British rule against whom they fought. We didn't have that." "We did. We were here too. We were here. But the British did not rule here." "When were you born?" "About 5 years before independence." In the village, they still call it the flag because the flag changed. From the kings' flags, we had the flag of India. Earlier, if someone hoisted the flag of India, the police would arrest them. They wouldn't let the flag be hoisted. The rule of kings. In the kingdom of Jaipur, the flag of Jaipur would be hoisted. You couldn't even hoist the flag of Jodhpur. This is exactly like if any of us went down and hoisted the flag of Pakistan. If you go down and hoist the flag of Pakistan, the police will take you away. For three days, they won't tell your family where they took you. And after three days, when they give you to your family, you won't be able to tell your family why you are not sleeping straight. I said, "Brother, I was caught by the bank guy." So, it was the same. There were separate countries, man. Jaipur is a country. Why should the flag of India be allowed to be hoisted in the country of Jaipur? So, he said, "The flag changed. 5 years before that." So, you mean you were before independence? "Yes." So, did you ever see the British? "They said, no." "You are 80 years old. You haven't seen the British?" "I am 70 years old. Haven't seen the British?" "No, I haven't." Why? "The British didn't come to our village to collect taxes." "Then who came to collect taxes?" "A man from so-and-so king used to come." Gradually, I understood that we had a treaty with the British. The British were not here. None of our people saw the British. Even today, if a white person comes to the village, people are happy. He is white, ours. So, there was no direct connection between us and the British. Therefore, the modern period also becomes zero for us. So, the modern period is less. The ancient period is less. The most history we have is of the medieval period. Therefore, it becomes important to study it. Nowadays, if you look at old papers, direct questions from the medieval period have stopped coming. Like the king's wars, the king's treaties, no questions. This time, in the preliminary exam paper of Rajasthan GK, there are 17 questions. One question among them is directly about a king. Name the Chauhan king who captured Delhi. Muraragraj IV. Apart from this, no question is directly about a king. But the rest of the culture, you cannot study culture without studying kings. Because in the same paper, there is another question: "Name the book by Somdev." Somdev's is Lalit Vigrahraj. How can you study this book without studying Vigrahraj? When you study Vigrahraj, this book will be studied, otherwise, the book cannot be studied without him. In the same exam, there is a question: "Name the book by Shivdas Gadhvi." And Shivdas Gadhvi's book is Achaldas Khinchi Vachnika. Until you study the king of Gagron, Achaldas Khinchiya, how can you study the book? You cannot be directly asked to write the book. In the same exam, it is asked: "Where are the temples of Malnath Ji and Pipa Ji built?" Both were kings. Malnath Ji is a king, Pipa Ji is a king. How can you study about them without studying kings? You cannot understand culture without studying medieval history. Therefore, it becomes necessary that if we study medieval, we will understand culture. Otherwise, the biggest portion of culture is medieval. Then after that is modern. And at the very end is ancient. In our case too, we study in this order. First, we study medieval. Then modern. Then what do we study? Ancient. There is no connection between the three. It is absolutely not that you cannot understand medieval without studying ancient. And you cannot understand modern without studying medieval. They are separate topics. We are given them as such. Study this, then study this, then study this. Whether you study ancient, medieval, modern, or modern, medieval, ancient, or medieval, modern, and ancient. Whichever you like, study in that order. Study in the order in which they are. Let's finish the bigger ones first, then the next one, then the next one. Then culture. Did you understand? So, let's start. Write: History of Medieval Rajasthan. History of Medieval Rajasthan. If you look at the syllabus, it clearly states under medieval: Major dynasties and their political, administrative, cultural, and revenue systems. What is written? Major dynasties and their political, administrative, cultural, and revenue systems. For example, I'll tell you what is written. Look here. It is written: Dynasties. Which dynasties? They have specifically mentioned which ones you have to study. They have written Guhil. They have written Rathore. They have written Kachwaha. They have written Chauhan. They have written Parmar. Who will write? Pratihar. They have mentioned six dynasties. They will ask us only these six. Tell me, which ones? Gohil, Rathore, Kachwaha, Chauhan, Parmar, Pratihar. Say again, which ones? Gohil, Rathore, Kachwaha, Chauhan, Pratihar. And they have written: What will they ask in these? They have told us what they will ask. They will ask about their systems. Which systems? They will ask about their political. They will ask about their administrative. They will ask about their cultural. They will ask about their revenue, or economic. We will ask: Which wars did these dynasties fight? Which treaties did they make? This is political. We will ask: Who were the ministers during their time, and what did they do? This is administrative. We will ask: Did they build temples, palaces, forts, lakes, stepwells, or not? Did they commission paintings? How much literature did they get written? This will be cultural. We will ask: How much tax did they collect? This will be revenue. Dynasties? How many dynasties? Six. Which ones? Gohil, Rathore, Kachwaha, Chauhan, Parmar, Pratihar. How many systems to study for them? Four. Which systems to study? Political, Administrative, Cultural, Revenue. It's a big deal. Write it down exactly as it is, so that you remember what is in our syllabus. Write it down exactly like this. Which systems of the dynasties are we studying? Political, Administrative, Cultural, and Revenue. How many dynasties? Six. So, let's consider the first dynasty as Gohil. So, the political system of the Gohil dynasty, the administrative system of the Gohil dynasty, the cultural system of the Gohil dynasty, and the revenue of the Gohil dynasty. We will study everyone similarly. We will study Rathores similarly. Kachwahas, Chauhans, as much as is there for each. If someone has more, then more, and if someone has less, then less. For example, when we study, we will see that the first three dynasties mentioned were there until independence. Until when were they there? In the dynasties, this was the case. One dynasty rose, and another one defeated it and destroyed it, so it was wiped out. The second one came. But these three were present until independence. Gohil, Rathore, and Kachwaha. Chauhan, Parmar, Pratihar ended before independence. Those who remained till the end have more history. Those who ended in between have less history. So, we will see that it will take 15 days to study Gohils. If we study Rathores later, our time will reduce. It will become 8 days. If we study Kachwahas, it will take 6 days. If we study Chauhans, it will take 4 days. Parmar, Pratihar, you will say, "Sir, both will be completed in 45 minutes." Because by the end, they were not left. They ended much earlier. They ended early, so what information do we have about them? Less. That dynasty ended. So, the first thing is, when it ended, its history also faded away somewhere with it. The successors did not write anything about it. And when they fought and died in wars, and things got scattered, even the history books got scattered. The one who remained till the end got it written again in 1800, saying, "Write it down again, our books are lost." That person also got it written in 1947. So, we get more of theirs. We get a little less of theirs. We will also see that their stories are more, and their stories are less. Let's study each one. First, write: Gohil Dynasty. Gohil Dynasty. Gohil Dynasty. Why is its name Gohil Dynasty and not something else? Its name is Gohil Dynasty because a man named Gohil started this dynasty. Who started it? And he started the dynasty in 566 AD. When did he start it? Write it down. In 566 AD, Gohil founded the Gohil dynasty. Gohil founded the Gohil dynasty. In 566 AD, Gohil founded the Gohil dynasty. Which dynasty did Gohil found? A question should arise in your mind: "Sir, how do you know it was in 566? How can you be so sure that it was 500?" You can say, "Sir, in old times, there was a man named Gohil. He started the Gohil dynasty." Where did you get this 566 from? History is written entirely on evidence. On what is it written? You must have evidence for every statement. If these three lines say that Gohil founded the Gohil dynasty in 566, there must be evidence for all three. There must be evidence of Gohil, evidence of 566, and evidence of that dynasty. If there is evidence...

If not, then you cannot even write this line. Where did we get it from? So, sir, old books are found. Old inscriptions are found. There is a place in Udaipur. The name of that place is Samoli. What is the name? From there we got an inscription. Something is written on stone. The Samoli inscription is found. Its year is written on that inscription, 646. How much is written? It is written on the inscription, so we have to believe that something is written on that stone. This is an inscription. It is also inscribed on that inscription. It is being written in 646. You can consider this as sure. In the inscription of 646, it is written that there is a place in Sirohi called Basantgarh. Which place? Some traders live there, they do business. But they incurred a loss in their business. They incurred a loss, so they came from Basantgarh to Udaipur. Where did they come? In those days, Udaipur did not exist. This was the area of Udaipur. It is called Bhomat. It was a hilly area. What is it called? So, they came from Basantgarh towards Bhomat. The traders say that we built a temple of a goddess here. Javar Mata. What temple did you build? Javar Mata. Those traders say that we extract minerals from here. What do they extract from Javar? The inscription says that what are the traders extracting in Javar? Minerals. They left Basantgarh due to loss. They saw profit here, minerals were being extracted, mining was happening, so they came here. They write that we are doing all this, this temple, all this is happening by the grace of the goddess. It is happening by the grace of the goddess, so what are we building for the goddess? A temple. We are building a temple for the goddess, so what is the year? Then they write further that when we are building this temple, our king is Shiladitya. Who is our king? Who is the king? Shilad. Then they write inside it that Shiladitya is the son of Nag. Whose son? Then they write that Nag was the son of Mahendra. Then they write inside that Mahendra was the son of Bhoj. And Bhoj was the son of Gohil. Five names are written. We are getting the inscription written during the time of Shiladitya. Who was before this? Before this, before this, before this, there are no names of those before Gohil. This means that those before them are not prominent. Therefore, the name of this dynasty is Gohil Vanshi. Gohil must also have had parents, grandparents, great-grandparents, great-great-grandparents. But they were such great kings. Who would have been the first great person? Even today, in our families, we introduce our family by the name of the person who is most successful in our family. If someone asks, "From which family are you?" "My uncle is an IAS officer." We don't tell our father's name. We tell our uncle's name first. "Oh, that IAS is my uncle." "Then what does your father do?" Then we say, "Sir, my father's name is..." We want to tell the name of the person by whom we are recognized. Who is the recognized person here? Gohil. That's why the name of the dynasty is what it is. The names of those before them are not found in so many inscriptions. Now, our historians say, when is the inscription from? 646. During which king's time? So, it must be believed that Shiladitya was alive in 646. The inscription is from his time. What is the time of the inscription? 646. Meaning, who was on the throne in 646? Historians, when they write history, they assume this. They don't assume it exactly, but it's approximately assumed. The reign of a king is on average 20 years. If an average is calculated, what will it be for a king? 20. It is possible that one king ruled for 80 years and another for 6 months, but if an average is taken of everyone, it is 20. If Shiladitya was there in 646, it means who was there in 626? In 606? In 586? In 566? I wrote exactly this, that in 566, Gohil established the Gohil dynasty. This is what we read. Now, if someone asks you, on the basis of which inscription can you say that Gohil established the Gohil dynasty in 566? Which inscription? If they ask about the Samoli inscription, whose king is it from? In the lineage of Gohil, he comes at what number? He comes at the fifth position in the lineage of Gohil. We are talking about the temple of the goddess. That goddess temple is Javar Mata. Which goddess? And they are saying, what do we extract in Javar? Mining. Mining is happening in Javar in 646. It happens to this day. When you study geography, you will read that lead and zinc are extracted from here. What is extracted? Both zinc and lead are extracted. Lead and zinc are extracted from here. Now, when you study geography, it will come up that lead and zinc are extracted in Javar. You say, "Sir, it's not being extracted today." The evidence goes back to 646, so it was being extracted then. How do you know it was being extracted then? We have an inscription. Which inscription? Do you understand? See, this information is obtained from the Samoli inscription. This information is given by Samoli inscription. There is a place in Udaipur, Samoli. Write 646 in parentheses. This information is obtained from the Samoli inscription. This information is given by Samoli inscription. Write 646 AD in parentheses. 646. This information is obtained from the Samoli inscription. This information is given by Samoli inscription. This inscription is related to Shiladitya. This inscription is related to Shiladitya. This inscription is related to Shiladitya. From which king's time is this inscription? Shiladitya. This inscription is related to Shiladitya. This inscription is related to Shiladitya. Who was the fifth descendant of Gohil. Who was the fifth descendant of Gohil. Who was the fifth descendant of Gohil. Who was the fifth descendant of Gohil. Write the next. Change the line and write in the same line. In the same line, this inscription provides information about the Javar Mata temple and the mining industry of Javar. This inscription provides information about the Javar Mata temple and the mining industry of Javar. This inscription provides information about the Javar Mata temple and the mining industry of Javar. It provides information about the Javar Mata temple and the mining industry of Javar. It provides information about the Javar Mata temple and the mining industry of Javar. What industry of Javar does it provide information about? Mining. Mining. Do you understand mining? Extracting minerals, mining. Now, this is about the Samoli inscription. Now, regarding this Gohil dynasty, it is said that it had 24 branches. Which branches were there in total? How many branches were there in total? 24. They were Hindus. Two types of branches are considered among Hindus. Our kings either called themselves Suryavanshi or Chandravanshi. What did they call themselves? Suryavanshi. Or what? Forget the kings. Either I say, go home today and ask your grandfather. All of us, including me, sitting here, are either Suryavanshi or we have connected ourselves to the sun. We said we are as old as the sun and moon, and we will last as long as the sun. That's why all our slogans are the same: "As long as the sun and moon remain, so will the name of Falanji remain." We never said, "As long as water and air remain, as long as soil and clouds remain." We never said, "As long as..." Because we connect our origin to the sun and moon. So, they also say, "We are Suryavanshi." Which ones? So, Gohil? Which ones? Hindu. Suryavanshi. Change the line and write. The matter of the Samoli inscription is done. Write separately in one line. The Gohil dynasty had 24 branches. Gohil dynasty had 24 branches. The Gohil dynasty had 24 branches. Gohil dynasty had 24 branches. Gohil was a Suryavanshi Hindu king. Gohil was a Suryavanshi Hindu king. Gohil was a Suryavanshi Hindu king. Gohil was a Suryavanshi Hindu king. Now, let's study where the Gohils ruled in Rajasthan. First, look at the areas ruled by Gohil dynasty kings, what were they called? States. Gohil states. Tell me, where did the Gohils rule? What names are written? Mewar, Dungarpur, Banswara, Pratapgarh, Shahpura. Tell the names again. Mewar, Dungarpur, Banswara, Pratapgarh, and Shahpura. Shahpura just became a new district. Earlier it was part of Bhilwara. Now it has been made a new district. So, there is Shahpura, Pratapgarh district, Banswara district, Dungarpur district. Mewar, you can say today's Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand. You don't need to write. We will read further, and it will become clear repeatedly. But this large area of Udaipur, Chittorgarh, Rajsamand, what did we call it? Mewar. So, one of their kingdoms was in Mewar. Then, one brother went from Mewar to Dungarpur. From Dungarpur, one brother went to Banswara. One brother went from Mewar to Pratapgarh. Where did one brother go from Mewar? Do you understand? So, where did they rule? Tell me. Mewar, Dungarpur, Banswara. A simple question might come in any preliminary exam. In which of these places did the Gohils not rule? Mewar, Dungarpur, Banswara, Bikaner. It could be. Now, let's study their individual histories. Write the history of Mewar. History of Mewar. Let's dissect one. Look, the history of Mewar. History of Mewar. Today it is called Mewar. At one time, it was not called Mewar. Look, the ancient names of Mewar. Ancient names of Mewar. I am writing. Copy it as it is, then we will talk. What are the ancient names? Tell me. Medpat, Pragvat, Shiv Janpad. What are the names? Medpat, Pragvat, Shiv Janpad. What are the old names of? What are the names again? I will start with the names below. Janpad means kingdom. What does Janpad mean? Don't write. Just listen. What does Janpad mean? Shiv is a tribe. What is Shiv? Shiv was a tribe that once lived in Punjab. Where did it live? Alexander attacked Punjab. Who attacked? Greece. A king of Greece, Alexander, whom we Indians have made Sikandar. We Indians have given him the name Sikandar. His name is Alexander. He himself doesn't know what Indians call him. His name has nothing to do with Sikandar. What was his name? We couldn't say Alexander, so our people said, "From today, your name is what?" You should watch a Kangana Ranaut movie sometime. There is a movie called "Queen." Kangana Ranaut is in it. She goes alone for her honeymoon. Her wedding is about to happen, but it doesn't. Then she feels the honeymoon is fixed, so she will go. There she makes friends, a group of friends. In her group, there is a Russian boy. She asks him his name. So, these Europeans, basically Russians and people from those countries, cannot pronounce these words. They cannot pronounce 'th'. They pronounce 'd' as 'd'. So, they say India, India, not India. You are India, Indian. India. So, I went to Russia, and whoever I met there recognized Indians very well. They recognize them instantly. Indian, Indian. Yes, they sing Indian songs a lot. I remember the first time we were in Moscow, in the lane where our hotel was, there was a joker walking around. He would see us from afar and say, "Jimmy, Jimmy, come, come, come." It's a song from an old Mithun Chakraborty movie. And this song is so famous there, Jimmy Jimmy Jimmy, that if you are in a cab and a Russian person saves you, "India, you are Indian?" "Yes, Indian." "Jimmy Jimmy." We also say, "Come." [Laughter] So, they can't even pronounce 'th'. They pronounce 't' as 't'. So, in that movie, it is shown that Kangana Ranaut asks the Russian boy his name. He says, "Alexander." "Zander, not Zander. We say Alexander." He says, "Alexander." Kangana Ranaut says, "Alexander." He says, "No, it's Zander. Alexander." She says, "Yes, Alexander." He says, "No, Alexend." Finally, Ranaut says, "Okay, your name is Sikandar." He says, "What happened?" Only we Indians can understand this. So, understand this: Alexander attacks Punjab. The Shivs lose. Shiv is a tribe that lives in Punjab. They lose to Sikandar or Alexander. They come back defeated to Udaipur, Chittorgarh. Where do they come? And they established their kingdom here. The Shivs built a kingdom. A kingdom is called a Janpad. That's why the name became what it is. Do you understand? So, if someone asks why the area of Udaipur, Chittorgarh is called Shiv Janpad? Because the kingdom of the Shivs was here. Where did the Shivs come from? From Punjab. Who did they lose to? Do you understand? It is believed that there might have been another tribe whose name was Med. What would it be? Now, some say its name was Med. Some say it was Mev. Some say it was Mer. But some name like that must have existed. On their name, the name of this area became Medpat. What name? So, due to the Mev or Med tribe, it became Medpat. Due to the Shiv tribe, it became what? It is said that it was a plateau area. A plateau area. The whole area is a plateau, with many plateaus in Bhilwara, Rajsamand, Chittorgarh. That's why its name became Pragvat. What name? So, what are the three names? Tell me. Medpat, Pragvat, Shiv Janpad. What are the names? Medpat, Pragvat, Shiv Janpad. In Madhya Pradesh, there is a place called Jabalpur. Have you heard of it? Near Jabalpur, there is a place called Bhedaghat. What is the name? There are many ghats in the mountains. One ghat is called Bhedaghat. An inscription was found there. It's an inscription from Madhya Pradesh, not related to us. In that inscription, a queen is getting an inscription written. She says, "I am the queen of so-and-so king. I am building this temple here." Then, below it, she writes, "I am the princess of Pragvat." Princess of where? This means that a princess from our Mewar was married to Madhya Pradesh, and she is writing in the inscription about Mewar. And the names of the kings of Mewar. My father's name is this, grandfather's name is this, great-grandfather's name is this. There are names of three generations. All three are kings of Mewar. This means that Mewar was called what? What was it called? Pragvat. So, tell me the three old names of Mewar. Medpat, Pragvat, Shiv Janpad. Write the next line. In Mewar, the Gohil dynasty ruled. Gohil dynasty ruled over Mewar. In Mewar, the Gohil dynasty ruled. Gohil dynasty ruled over Mewar. In Mewar, which dynasty ruled? Gohil. We just read that the states of the Gohils. So, in Mewar, which dynasty is there? Gohil. How many branches of Gohils were there? 24. One of them is our Mewar branch. That's all. Now, many kings ruled in this. Now, look, in a dynasty, there must have been about 500 kings. Right? Because the Gohil dynasty came in 566. This dynasty lasted until 1947. If it lasted until 1947, how many years did it last? 1400. How many years did it last? 14. We consider 20 years as the reign of one king. In 100 years, how many ruled? Five. So, in 1400 years, how many ruled? 14 * 5 = 70 kings. So, approximately how many? More than 70. Not less than 70. But we have to read all of them. Our objective is not to write the genealogy of kings. We only read those kings who are important from an exam point of view. Now, you ask, sir, what is important from an exam point of view? This is important, this is not. Those whose actions had an impact on later history. A king came, lived his life, took taxes from the people, and died. We have no concern with him. How many children did he have? How many wives? What was the gap between his children? We don't need to remember anything. But a king came, he built a new capital. Our question is, why was the capital built here? Why not somewhere else? A king came, he built a temple. Our question is, why did he build a temple to Shiva and not Vishnu? His administrative, political, cultural, revenue systems, any changes, any new things started, those are the kings we need to study. We don't need to study the rest. The first great king who appears in this dynasty is named Bappa Rawal. What is his name? Put a heading. What is his name? Bappa. Now listen. Let me tell you something old. It is the time of 712 AD. Around 712 AD. Muslims were attacking India. Among the Muslims, the first Muslims who attacked came from Arab countries. From which country? Muslims from the side of Saudi Arabia attacked India first. In 712, there is a general. The name of that general is Muhammad bin Qasim. What is his name? Muhammad bin Qasim. He conquered Sindh. Where did he conquer? India's first border, India's first territory, India's first region that was conquered by Muslims. What was it? Who was the Arab general who conquered it? In which year was this? When was this? Sindh touches Rajasthan. Now, when Sindh was conquered by Muslims, by Arabs, their next target was Rajasthan. What was their next target? The most important fort in Rajasthan was Chittorgarh. What was the main fort? So, from Sindh. Where will they conquer next? Chittorgarh. In those days, a king named Manmaury was ruling in Chittorgarh. What was his name? A king named Manmaury was ruling where? In Chittorgarh. Ruling in Chittorgarh. Here, in Udaipur, you read a place. The name of that place is Nagda. What is the name of the place? And in Nagda, your Bappa Rawal is ruling. Who is ruling in Nagda? In Chittorgarh, who is sitting? Manmaury. And Manmaury is a great king. Bappa Rawal, such a great king. Here in Nagda, there is a saint named Harit. What is his name? A saint. So, he is a sage. So, we call him Harit. Harit Rishi is a devotee of Shiva. Whose devotee? Harit Rishi. Where does he live? Nagda. Who is the king of Nagda? Obviously, he will pay respects. All our leaders are paying respects to gods, saints, etc. This is fine. Many saints were caught later, otherwise, until they were caught, all our people were paying respects. There is no leader who doesn't have a photo with Asaram Bapu. They were caught, so now you all may condemn them and say that they did wrong things. Earlier, all of them were paying respects. There is no leader who doesn't have a photo with Baba Gurmeet Ram Rahim. Paying respects to babas has always been a part of politics. Because politicians know that the public is behind the baba. If they pay respects to him, they will get votes. These kings also knew that this baba is a good baba, or a bad baba. Nowadays, many babas have turned out to be bad. They turned out to be bad, so we put them in jail. And there are many good babas, many good saints still in India. Looking at them, you feel, "Wow, they tell such good things."

What good work you are doing. Similarly, there is a very good Baba Ji. What is his name? Who takes care of his needs? Arya Rishi is about to die. The dying Arya Rishi asked Baba Rawal, "Baba Rawal, if you have any wish, you have served me. I am very grateful for your service." Baba Rawal said, "Maharaj, please arrange something decent. I am tired of working in NREGA. Nagda is a small place, there was no big place, and while dying, Harit Rishi said, 'Go Baba Rawal, you will remember this, Lord Shiva will make you the king of Chittor very soon.' King of where?" And Baba Rawal said, "Maharaj, aren't you speaking a bit too much? Man Maurya is sitting in Chittor, he is a great king in himself, and how can I become one?" Arya Rishi said, "First use it, I am telling you, you will become one, you will become one." Harit Rishi died in 712, Muhammad bin Qasim captured Sindh. Where did he want to attack next? Chittor. Who is the king of Chittor? And his ministers felt that Man Maurya had strength. And if the invasion of the Arabs happened, if the invasion of the Muslims happened from Sindh towards Chittor. Man Maurya couldn't handle it, so they went to Bapa Rawal. Bapa Rawal is the nephew of this Man Maurya. Who is Bapa Rawal to this Man Maurya? And said, "Nephew, your uncle is weak and if the Arab Muslims attack from there, your uncle cannot handle it. Get rid of this uncle and capture Chittor." Man Maurya said, "Sure." Bapa Rawal said, "Sure. I will defeat him. Give me the arrow." He came to the uncle. I will remove the uncle. But Bapa Rawal said, "Thank you, Arya Rishi." Bapa Rawal went to Chittor, removed Man Maurya, and captured it. So, who is the first great king among the Guhilas who captured a big place like Chittor? That's why we are studying Baba Rawal. We are not studying the ones in between. The time of those in between was just spent in Nagda. That's why we said, "They might have come, they might have died." What do we have to do with it? Who was the first great man who expanded the territory? Who did he remove? This was in 734. When was this? With whose blessings did he do this? With the blessings of which Rishi? Where did Arya Rishi live? Whose devotees were they? Write. He was a follower of Harit Rishi. He was a disciple of Saint Harit. He was a follower of Harit Rishi. He was a disciple of Saint Harit. He was a follower of Harit Rishi. He was a disciple of Saint Harit. Write on a new line. In 734 AD, in 734 AD, he captured Chittor after defeating Man Maurya. He captured Chittor after defeating Man Maurya. He captured Chittor after defeating Man Maurya. He captured Chittor after defeating Man Maurya. After removing Man Maurya, after defeating him, he captured Chittor. And he said, "Brother, I will keep my capital in Nagda." Okay? He captured Chittor. My guarantee is that I will not let anyone else capture Chittor. If there is an attack from here, I will deal with it. But where will I keep the capital? Nagda. See, the capital is Nagda. Capital Nagda. Nagda is a place in Udaipur. Which was the capital? Nagda. Good, whose devotee was Harit Rishi? This means Baba Rawal would also be a devotee of whom? Shiva. We call Shiva 'Eklingsi'. What do we call him? That's why he built a temple of whom in Nagda? He said, "By whose grace is all this happening?" Eklingsi. Look. He built the Eklingsi temple in Nagda. He built the Eklingsi temple at Nagda. He built the Eklingsi temple at Nagda. He built the Eklingsi temple at Nagda. Whose temple did he build in Nagda? Eklingsi. And he even believed that the king is Eklingsi. I am just working for him. I am his finance minister. What do we call a finance minister? Dewan. What do we call him? If someone asks him later, "You are the king of Mewar." He said, "No, no, brother. What is my status? Shiva himself is ruling. I am just his what?" After this, all his descendants also considered themselves the Dewan of Eklingsi. Dewan means finance minister. It means we are collecting taxes on their behalf. Everything else is a system given by God. You manage it. What is our status to become a king? Who is doing everything? Look. The kings of Mewar, the kings of Mewar, considered themselves the Dewan of Eklingsi. They considered themselves as the Dewan of Eklingsi. They considered themselves as the Dewan of Eklingsi. They considered themselves the Dewan of Eklingsi. And this was the case with all the kings in India. No king in India ever said, "I am the king." He said, "The king is God." Who is the king? They took different names of God. The king of Bikaner, if someone asks, "Are you the king of Bikaner?" He said, "No, no, sir. What is my status? The king of Bikaner is Lakshminath. Who is he? Lord Vishnu. Lakshminath is Lord Vishnu. I am just his what?" If someone asks the king of Sirohi, "You are definitely the king here." He said, "No, sir. The king here is Sarveshwar Mahadev. Which Mahadev? I am just his what?" If someone asks the people of Jaipur, "You are the king, sir. The king is Govind Dev Ji. Who is the king? I am just his what?" Similarly, if someone asks the people of Mewar, "You must be the king here." "No, we are not the king here. Who is the king?" That's why if you have ever heard a song of Maharana Pratap, in the song "Haldi Ghati ro Samar Lado Maharana Pratap Kath", there is a line, "Eklingsi Dewan Kath Hai?" Where is the one who is the Dewan of Eklingsi? Where is our Maharana Pratap, who was fighting the battle of Haldi Ghati, where is he? So, the kings of Mewar considered themselves what? But this is not about kings, this is about all of us. We all believe that we do nothing, who is making it happen? That's why in all our aartis, we have sung ourselves, "I am a foolish, wicked doer." Listen to any aarti of a deity. We have surrendered to the deity. We have said, "Almighty deity, surrender is before him. We are fools." Wicked means donkey. Every time you sing an aarti, you say you are a donkey. You have no ability to do anything. Who is making it happen? That's why in all the old books found in India, the writer's name is not mentioned in any of them. He said, "I am not writing. By the grace of Mother Saraswati, I am writing this book. Who am I?" He didn't even give his name. In all the old paintings, the painter's name is not there. He made the painting and left it. He said, "What is my status? To do something, to make something, to write something, who is making it happen?" Even today, I wish for good farming in my village, for a good harvest. If my father worked hard, the harvest was good. If he worked day and night in that field, then it was good. Even then, if someone asks my father, "Oh, the harvest was great, the wheat was excellent, the millet was excellent. You are working hard." "Lord Ram was pleased, God Ram was pleased, then our crops grew, otherwise, what is our status? If my father's business runs well, even if my father wakes up at 5 AM and comes back at 12 AM, doesn't even eat lunch properly, then the business runs well. Even then, my father will say, "It's all divine grace, Mother is pleased, that's why it's going well." I always think, "What innocent people they are. Even now, if someone asks us, "You have 10 children." We defy biology, saying there is no such thing as biology. All are given by whom? God. I say, you will be selected. You will become an RAS. You will be happy in your heart, and you will feel proud of yourself that I went to regular coaching for 18 months. I did everything the sir told me. I took all the tests. I worked hard. I studied for eight hours daily, then I got selected. Even then, if the media person interviewing you asks, "To whom would you like to attribute your success?" You will say, with a bit of seriousness, you are dancing inside. As far as today's success is concerned, you don't say, "I am the mighty me, I studied." And even today, if a friend of ours, someone around us, boasts, "I did this, I did that." Two friends talk behind him, "Look at his ego, look at his attitude. What did I do? I did it." Everyone has done it. That's why this thing has never been considered good. That's why the kings of Mewar also say that we are not kings. We are what? Eklingsi. Similarly, all kings say this. Good, Bapa Rawal was a great king. One proof of this is that we have found a gold coin of Bapa Rawal. Whose coin did we find? So you say, "What's the big deal?" Gold and silver coins were common. Bapa Rawal's coin was found. Before Bapa Rawal, no gold coin has been found. This means that the kings before Bapa Rawal were so great that their coins were silver. They were copper. The first gold coin found is whose? This means Bapa Rawal must have been great. If he is a great king, he has more money, so whose coins would he have issued? Write. He issued gold coins in Mewar. He circulated gold coins in Mewar. He circulated gold coins in Mewar. He circulated gold coins in Mewar. What kind of coins did he issue? Gold. Just like we measure gold now, we say it's 24-carat gold, 18-carat, 22-carat, like that. Earlier, there was another unit for measuring gold. It is called a grain. What is it called? Perhaps it was weighed with grains of wheat. That's why the word 'grain' was formed. The coin found is 115 grains. How many grains? So if someone asks, "How many grains was Bapa Rawal's gold coin?" Then how many grains? Write. Write in parentheses. In the bracket, write on the same line. 115 grains. Which dynasty is Bapa Rawal from? Guhil. What were they? Hindus. What were they? Suryavanshi. Where did Bapa Rawal capture? Chittor. So he built a sun temple in Chittor. Listen to something. Once. Which temple did he build? But later, Rajasthan faced many invasions. In between, there was an invasion by someone, and he broke the sun temple. Breaking the temple meant breaking the idol. Right? The idol of the temple was destroyed. It was broken. So later, someone brought and placed the idol of Mother Kalika here. Whose idol did they place? So nowadays, which temple is this? Kalika Mata. But what was it before? Sun temple. Who built it? Bapa Rawal. But what has it become now? So now, see two questions. One question is, what was the current Kalika Mata temple in Chittor before? And who built it? Will you remember this? Write. He built the sun temple in Chittor. Write Kalika Mata in parentheses. He built the sun temple in Chittor. He built the sun temple at Chittor. He built the sun temple at Chittor. Which temple did he build in Chittor? Sun temple. So what is it now? We will read the rest tomorrow. Come back having remembered everything.

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1. Introduction of Rajasthan History #rajasthan #rajasthanhistory #rajveer #rajveersir #RAS #patwari

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