Transcription
Welcome to Adda 247. I hope your preparation is going in the right direction somewhere. I also hope that you are fully committed to your goals, 100% dedicated, and also hope that you are moving forward with positivity, which I think is the most important part of any examination. If we are not positive about our preparation, then somewhere our psychology is wrong, we need to improve from within, only then we will be able to learn. To make things better from the outside, this session is at 8:00 AM where we 100% attack comprehension. We look at vocabulary. We take care of almost every element that is necessary for the examination and ensure that things are studied on the basis of logic, rather than rote learning. Let's start. Please type 'EX' in the live chat for me. If you are excited about the class, we will start straight away. Alright, very good. Let us start this. Very interesting topics are coming your way. Great questions have been created. You already know that yesterday at 11:00 AM we had a great mock test. For IBPS, SBI, you must connect at 11:00 AM, 100%. You already know about this tribe. This is something to remember. You will not get a day like yesterday again. At 11:00 AM, what will we have? We will have 150 concepts. These are not just concepts. It's almost practice too. We will tackle whatever can be asked. Along with that, special PDFs have been arranged for the students who attend live. But only for live students. So don't forget to meet tomorrow at 11:00 AM. Let's come straight to the image. Tell me, looking at this image behind, what inference can you draw? What do you understand? What do you think the first thing we are going to discuss could be? Give me an idea, what will we talk about? Very good. Superb, superb, superb. You all know that President's Rule was imposed in Manipur. Now what happened? The duration of this President's Rule has been extended for another six months. The question is, it is also true that since President's Rule was imposed here, violence has reduced considerably. You know there was a conflict between two communities here, the Kuki and Meitei communities, both tribal communities of that place, due to which hundreds of people lost their lives and the entire state was engulfed in violence. We are going to read about this. It's a very good article to read, and we will definitely find some excellent words. The second article holds great importance for current affairs. It can also be good for reading because we get to see articles related to economy and trade. You know that a trade agreement has happened between India and the UK, and it is being said about that trade agreement that there is something in it for both sides that will benefit them. Both sides will take something good from it, and this will bring more opportunities for India globally, especially in the European Union. We are going to read and learn this in a very good way. Let's start straight away. Let us move to the first word of the day. What do you need? 100% focus. Try to repeat with me. Try to stay completely involved. Do not let your mind get distracted for even a second. I guarantee that your learning will be excellent. The first word is in front of you. The first word is revulsion. The first word is revulsion. It's a very lovely, very excellent word. Some of its synonyms have been asked repeatedly in examinations. You can see that SION is attached at the end, so it is 100% a noun form. What is it? A noun form. Remember. What does it mean? If I say it in simple language, if we have intense hatred for someone in our hearts, intense hatred, then we call it revulsion. If we have a very strong dislike, hatred for someone. If we detest someone, it means revulsion, which is a noun form. Some words are seen frequently in exams. The word is abhorrence. Abhorrence also means we hate someone so much that we don't even want to go near them, don't want to talk to them, we want to stay away from them. The word is abhorrence. It is asked again and again and again. Remember, this revulsion noun is the verb form of revulsion. This has also been asked in examinations. And remember, the synonym of revulsion is detest. What is it? Detest also means to hate someone, to dislike. And what is the noun form of this detest? Detestation. What is it? It's detestation. Both verb forms have been asked in exams. Another word that comes frequently in examinations, which is a verb form. The verb form is abhor, and its noun form, abhorrence, is what you see here. Again, a word that comes frequently in examinations. Similarly, a verb form is execrate. This also means to hate intensely, to dislike. Its noun form is what? It's execration. When we run away from someone, it is known by another word. The word is repulsion. What is the word? Repulsion. If we hate someone and want to stay away from them. It is known by another word. The word is disgust. It has also been asked in exams. What is the word? Disgust. I think everyone is clear. When we hate someone, we don't want to go near them, we call it loathing. What do we call it? Loathing. This is derived from the verb LOATHE. We call it loathe. Okay? This has also been asked many times in examinations. Similarly, if we want to be in opposition to someone, away from them. If we are against them, then the word becomes what? The word becomes antipathy. What is the word? So the word is antipathy. It has been asked many times in examinations. All are golden words from an exam perspective. Come here. You will see that I will write the antonyms in a different color so that it is easy for you to revise in the PDF. Look here, if something is alluring, it means it is attracting us towards it. So what does allure mean? It means to attract. Okay? And esteem, what does esteem mean? It means respect. Basically, predilection is a word asked in exams. What is it? Predilection. I taught you penchant a few days ago. If I say I have a penchant for somebody, it means I have a very strong feeling of likeness. If I like someone a lot, what will I say? What do I have in my heart for them? I have a penchant. Remember, it's a very important word. Besides this, you all must have heard the word admiration. What does admiration mean? It means to admire someone. It means to admire someone. So remember, don't forget. What can be its adjective? It can be revolting. Okay? Read this. Read this once. His corrupt behavior caused ____ among his followers. What did his corrupt behavior do? What did it create among his followers? It created revulsion. What did it create? It created revulsion. So here, 100% what is going to come? Revulsion is the word we will see. Let's come to the second word. An excellent word. Let's move on. Discernible, one of the exams' favorites, again. A word asked repeatedly. See, if we say we are discerning something. I taught this three days ago. If today is your first day, understand, if we are discerning something, it means we are noticing it. What are we doing? Noticing it. If something is discernible, it means it is noticeable. It can be noticed. So discernible means, if I write it in simple, easy language, it means anything that is noticeable, anything that can be noticed. Anything that is noticeable, what do we call it? We call it discernible. There are some excellent words. Able to be perceived by a sense of the mind, which we can perceive with our mind. Some excellent words are: first word is perceptible. You must have heard of perception. Perception means viewpoint. So if something is perceptible, it means we can feel it. We can notice it. Apparent. Apparent means evident. We can see it. So it's apparent. Tangible. Tangible are things that we can see, touch. This is remote, isn't it? What is it? It's tangible. Can I notice it? So what is it? It's tangible. A very lovely word for the examination. The word is conspicuous. What is the word? Conspicuous. It has been asked many times in examinations. Is it clear to everyone? If we go to the opposite, then something is not noticeable. It's like a code. What is like a code? It's cryptic. What does cryptic mean? Not clear. Like a code. The word is obscure. What does obscure mean? Things that are not clear, not obvious. Similarly, imperceptible, something that cannot be felt, cannot be noticed. Trivial. Trivial means it doesn't have enough significance for us to notice it. Trivial means insignificant, trivial. So the word is trivial. You must remember, yesterday when we were doing the word vague, for things that are not clear, that cannot be noticed, we were doing a word for them. The word was ambiguous. Yesterday I taught you the word. What was the word? Ambiguous was the word. I think everyone is absolutely clear. Okay? Ambiguous was the word. Okay? Remember, don't forget. Come here. Just tell me, yes or no, just answer in yes or no. Can this answer be chosen for this blank? Think and tell me. Can this answer be chosen for this blank? Yes or no? Can we put in this answer over here? Can it come? Yes or no? The answer is no, it cannot come. Why can't it come? See, it is written, "The weather changed." We know that "changed" is our verb form, and we need to tell how the weather changed, so we need an adverb. Whatever words start with ABLE, IBLE, add LY to them, they become adverbs. So what will we say? Discerningly. Discerningly will be the right answer here. An adverb is required here. Coming to the next word. The word is impunity. I have taught this to you many times before. What does impunity mean? Freedom from punishment. If someone knows that they will never be punished, then we can say that they are acting with impunity. Suppose they can never be punished, can never be punished. Impunity means freedom from punishment. Remember, it is a noun form. Words ending with ITY are what? They are nouns. In simple language, we can say absolution. What is the word? Absolution is the word. Remember, it has also been asked in examinations. Do you know what forgiveness is called? It's called amnesty. What is the Hindi word for forgiveness? We call it amnesty. What do we call it? Amnesty. The third word is indemnity. What is the third word? Indemnity. What does this also mean? That someone has been freed from punishment. You must have heard a word in the examination. If not, you must have read it in the newspaper. The word is acquittal. Acquittal also means when we release someone, forgive someone, acquit them. The word is exoneration. Its verb form is exonerate. It has been asked many times in exams. So exoneration also means freedom from punishment. Remember. If we go to the opposite, then the word is retribution. What is the word? Retribution is the word. Condemnation. What does condemnation mean? We are condemning someone. We are declaring someone guilty. Criticizing. Susceptibility. Susceptibility means there is a risk that someone can be caught. They can be punished. So remember this, and you must have seen sanctions. Nowadays, one country imposes sanctions on another country. Imposes restrictions. For example, the European Union has imposed many sanctions on Russia. So that's what sanction means here. Remember, don't forget. Its adjective is impunitive. The adjective is impunitive. An excellent word to learn from an examination perspective. Let's move on. Please fill in the blank yourself. You must remember, I taught you this word a few days ago. I think you remember this word well, that I taught you this word a few days ago. The word is schism. And where did I teach it to you? In the form of synonyms. If today is your first day, understand, what does schism mean? When a rift has occurred between two people. There have been differences between two people. There has been disagreement between two people. There has been discord between two people. Then what do we call it? We call it schism. If you say it in Hindi, it is called difference of opinion or rift. Remember, words ending with ISM are also what? They are noun forms. In simple language, a lack of agreement or harmony. If agreement is less, harmony is less, what do we call it? We call it schism. Remember, the word is fissure. What does fissure mean? It also means a rift. When an earthquake happens, the rift that occurs in the ground, what is it called? It's called a fissure. We need to increase the volume a bit. Okay? If you remember, there are two groups, meaning two groups that lived together. What happened to them? They were separated. They were divided into different parts. So what is it called in English? To polarize. To divide into pieces. What will we say? Polarization. Fragments mean small pieces. What are small pieces called? They are called fragments. So if something is divided into small pieces, it is called fragmentation. Today's article also uses this word. Chasm. What does chasm mean? There is a rift in between. There is disagreement in between. A word will come repeatedly in exams. Remember. The word is rift. Rift also means a rift in relationships, distance, disagreement. A word asked repeatedly. You all must have heard the word discord. If there is discord between two people, it also means that they are having problems somewhere. Somewhere they are not together. You must have heard the word breach. You must have heard breach of contract. What does breach of contract mean? The contract is no longer valid. It has been breached, broken. So you will see that the word breach is also asked repeatedly in examinations. If you listen and understand carefully, sometimes we say that the relations between two countries have fractured. If there is a fracture in our hand, what happens? The bone breaks. Right? So when relations break, they are also called fracturing. So fracture can also be used as a word as a synonym for the word schism. A very important word. On the other hand, if there is agreement, what will we say? We will say concord. What is this concord? It's the opposite of the word discord. Concord means everyone has come together. Cohesion. Look at the word cohesion. Remember, words that start with 'co' talk about joining. Cohesion also means that they have joined together. Similarly, amity. What does amity mean? It means everyone lives together in harmony. The word is solidarity. Solidarity has also been asked many times in exams. Solidarity also means that all brothers and sisters are spending time together. That is called solidarity. A word that is seen repeatedly in examinations. The word is camaraderie. You must have heard it. It comes a lot in exams. What is the word? Camaraderie is the word. Remember, don't forget. Is it clear to everyone? You hear this word repeatedly. Alliance. That they have formed an alliance. How is an alliance formed? It is formed by joining together, by being together. If you read newspapers regularly or have been with me for a few days, you will see a word repeatedly. The word is reconciliation. What does reconciliation mean? Conciliation means to join together. Reconciliation means there were differences in between, but now we have come together. We have had reconciliation. What is its adjective? It is schismatic. What is it? It is schismatic. I think everyone is absolutely crystal clear. Let's look at the blank. The schism between party members deepened despite public calls for ____. Now, what do we need to understand here? First, tell me, if we have to choose a word here, should we choose from here or from here? Should we choose the first one or the second one? Which word should be used here? It is said that the rift between the party members deepened, it deepened further. Now look here, "despite" is used. Despite means in spite of. The public said, "Let's make friends, let's be together," but the rift deepened. So, since "despite" is used, when such words are used, we say the opposite. So here we can choose any word from the second part. Your answer will be correct. Let's move on. Let's come to the next word. It's a common word. A word asked repeatedly in examinations. Remember, what is the word? You will see the word is resolute. If someone is resolute about their actions, it means they are determined. They have decided that they will do it. It is asked repeatedly in exams, and its synonyms are very important for exams. First, let's see its meaning: determined, fully committed to achieving a goal. If someone is fully committed to their goal, that they will do it, then what do we call them? We call them resolute. The first word is decisive. Decisive means making a decision. They have made a decision that they will do it. This word decisive is derived from decision. From judgment. Vehement. It has been asked many times in exams. If we are doing something vehemently, it means we are doing it with full energy, full power. Tenacious. Again, it has been asked many times in exams. If we are doing something tenaciously, we are doing it with full determination. Remember, unflinching. To flinch means to waver. What is unflinching? It is something that does not waver, remains as it is. Again, some words are seen repeatedly in examinations. For example, the word assiduous is asked many times in examinations. For example, the word diligent is asked many times in examinations. For example, the word meticulous is asked many times in examinations. All these three words that you see are golden words. Besides this, I taught you a word a few days ago. Something that does not move, remains as it is. What is moving called? Wavering. So what will we call something that does not waver, my dear? We will call it unwavering. What will we call it? Unwavering. If your commitment to English learning is unwavering, then no one can shake you. You have become completely determined. This is the meaning of this word: unwavering. Remember, don't forget. You must remember, a few days ago I taught you two words. If today is the first day, understand. If I say I am a strong supporter of someone. I will never waver from there. Tell me, what is the answer? If I say I strongly support someone. No one can shake my support. What are the words we covered in class? Old students will tell. Very good. Very good. The word was steadfast. What was the word? Steadfast. Steadfast means to be extremely determined. Along with steadfast, I taught you the word staunch. Staunch also means to be extremely determined. And along with that, I taught you the word devout. If you remember, I told you to remember it from devotion. Devotion means to be dedicated. Someone who is completely dedicated to a task is devout. Don't forget. If we go to the opposite, someone who always wavers. Who doesn't know, sometimes this side, sometimes that side, sometimes this side, sometimes that side, what are they doing? They are vacillating. What are they doing? Vacillating. There is no clarity. Tentative. When we come, our notification comes, and what is the exam date written there? It's a tentative date. Why? Tentative means possible. Not sure if it will remain or not. It is not firm. What is it? It's tentative. Faltering means to stumble. Faltering means someone who is stumbling is faltering. Wavering. Wasn't it unwavering? So what is the opposite of unwavering? It's wavering. I think everyone is absolutely crystal clear. Okay? Write down one more word. It sometimes comes in exams. Indecisive. Someone who lacks the ability to make decisions is indecisive. Resoluteness is its noun form. Is it clear, everyone? Okay, let's come to the next word. Defang. What is fangs called? Snakes. Okay? What do snakes have? What do they have? Not teeth. You are talking about your snake. In reality, what do snakes have? What do they have? Fangs. And this is the Hindi word for fangs, not the English word. Now, if these fangs are defanged. If they are made ineffective. To defang something means to make it ineffective. To eliminate its intensity, to crush its fangs. So to defang means to make something ineffective. Remember, don't forget. To deprive a legal organization or threat of its power or harmful effect. If the power or harmful effect of something is taken away, it is called defanging. See the first word: divesting. What does divesting mean? To free from poison. Cripple. Cripple means to incapacitate, to take away all powers. Immaculate. You must have heard of masculinity, masculine gender. So why is it called masculine gender? Because the word masculine signifies power. So to emasculate, and the word mitigate, you must have heard it many times in class. If we are mitigating something, it means we are reducing it somewhere. What is the problem in the chat, my dear? Okay, fine. I think it's clear here. On the other hand, if we are giving energy to something, what are we doing? We are galvanizing it. You must have read this word in physics. Galvanizing means to give power to something, to give energy to something. The word bolster also means to give power or energy to something. Reinforce means to implement something with full force. You all must have heard the word intensify. Similarly, if we are giving power to something, some synonyms of increase are used. For example, the word augment also means if we are giving intensity to something. If we are strengthening something, then the word fortify is used. Fortify means to give strength, power, robustness to something. One word, invigoration. I was teaching it in the supermock yesterday. What does invigoration mean? To give strength to something. What does vigor mean? It means strength. So if we are giving strength to someone, what are we doing? We are invigorating them. Besides this, what does the word ameliorate mean? To give strength to something. To give strength to something. What does proliferate mean? To give strength to something. So all these words indicate that we are improving the intensity of something. Very excellent words. Remember. Let's move on. You must remember this too. I taught this. I won't spend much time on it. Why won't I spend time? Because you are seeing the same word two slides ago. Yes or no? What is the word? Painstaking. What does painstaking mean? Someone who does something with great determination, with great effort, with great hard work, is called painstaking. Exactly, this word resolute is its synonym. It is its synonym. And that's why you will see that the words you see here are mostly the same words that I wrote earlier. What happened? Meticulous. Assiduous, diligent. It is called laborious. The word scrupulous is something you can remember. This word painstaking was also asked in the exam recently. It is an adjective. What is it, my dear? It is an adjective. Don't forget. On the other hand, perfunctory. Remember. An excellent word. What is the word? Perfunctory. If we go to the opposite, then slipshod, impetuous, and cursory will be its antonyms. This is exactly the synonym of that word. I have written some new synonyms here. I have written four antonyms so that you can remember. The word perfunctory was also asked in the examination recently. So say it once. The first word is perfunctory. What is the second word? Slipshod. What is the third word? Cursory. And the fourth word is impetuous. What is the word? Impetuous. Let's look at the blank. Tell me what will be filled here. Read and tell me what the possibility is here. The architect's painstaking designs contrasted sharply with the contractor's ____ execution. It is said that the architect had made designs with great effort. He had made designs with great labor. But the contractor, you see "contrasted" is written here, meaning the opposite is happening. But the contractor's execution, his way of working, was very perfunctory. It was very slipshod. It was very cursory. It was very impetuous. I think everyone understood. Let's move on. Let's come to the next. Remember, you all must have heard the word transport. Heard it, right? Everyone has heard transport. So in transport, you see this word trans. What does trans mean? It means movement in the state of something. Change in the state of something. So transport means it takes you from one place to another. It brings about change. That's why it's called transport. You must have heard the word transformation. What does transformation mean? The change that has occurred in something. We call it transformation. Similarly, you will see the word transcend here. You must have heard the word ascending order, descending order, right? So what does ascend mean? To go up. So what takes your movement upwards, we call it transcending. If you attend this class, your career, your learning will transcend, it will go upwards. To be greater, better, or stronger. It will become better, stronger. Remember, don't forget. Let's look at some basic words here. Outstrip, surmount, transmute, eclipse. Remove the word eclipse from here. So you will see that there is better movement in something. Okay? Something is getting better, so we use the word transcend. On the other hand, if something is suppressed, if something has surrendered, if something has bowed down, what is bowing down, surrendering called? It's called succumbing. It has been asked many times in exams. If I succumb to someone, it means I have bowed down. I have bowed down. So remember the word succumb. Also remember this. The preposition 'to' is always used after this. I said, "The patient succumbed to injuries." The patients bowed down to the injuries, to the wounds. Meaning the patient died. So succumb means to bow down. Language. Language also means exactly the same. When you are completely suppressed. And degenerate. Generating means to grow. What does degenerating mean? To decrease. And subside means the same. Sometimes we say that inflation has subsided. Meaning it has decreased. It has weakened. So all these words will be useful to you in examinations. Its noun is transcendence. What is its noun? Transcendence is the noun for this. An excellent word to read for examinations. I think it's clear to everyone. Obviously, if you see an action happening, don't even think. Keep this in mind. This will be a verb form, an action. Let's move on. A very lovely word. The word is palliate. What is the word? Palliate. Remember, if you have pain in your shoulder. What did you do? You applied some ointment, some balm, then your pain will start to be palliated. What will start to happen? It will start to be palliated. Meaning its intensity will start to decrease. You will start to relax. You will start to feel relief. So palliate is a verb that indicates that something is getting relief. The intensity of something bad is decreasing. It could be pain. It could be a problem. Anything that is decreasing, what do we call it? We call it palliating. To make something less bad by offering excuses. Meaning, if something is decreasing due to some reason, then we call it palliating. You will see some words here: assuage. What is the word? Assuage. What is the word? Assuage. What does assuage mean? It means to relax. Besides this, the word mollify. What does mollify also mean? It means to relax. To get relief. Similarly, the word soothe. What does soothe also mean? It means to relax. To get relief. Is it clear? Remember. So if you have heard the word mitigate. What does mitigate also mean? When the severity of something is being reduced, then what are we doing? We are mitigating it. Similarly, you can use the word extenuate. You can use the word appease. Remove this. Ameliorate means growth. Okay? So remember, appeasing. All these will be its synonyms. On the other hand, if
Something is getting worse and being ruined, what do you call it? To be exacerbated. To be. What does exacerbate mean? To worsen. If something has become very bad, then it is called exacerbate. Magnify. You must have seen a magnifying glass, right? Things look bigger in it. So they are being magnified. Compound. The meaning of compounding effect is that you have read compound nouns, right? So if many nouns are combined. So what does compound mean? To increase things. And to aggravate also means if something is aggravating, it means it is worsening, it is getting worse. These are its antonyms. Don't forget. What is its noun? Palliation. What is it? Palliation. Remember. Let's look at the blank. His apology did little to ____ the damage caused by his remarks. It is being said that his apology did not do much. Did little to reduce the damage that had occurred, the loss that had occurred. So here you can use 'palliate' or similarly any verb. Is it clear? Let's move on. Redolent, what a great word for an exam. It has been asked. You will see it again and again. The word is redolent. The word is redolent. The word is redolent. Remember. It's a very lovely word. What does redolent mean? Basically, it is something whose smell is pleasant. Whose smell is pleasant. It is full of fragrance, it is called redolent. The word most used for fragrance is 'fra'. And by fragrance, I mean scent. We are not talking about the fragrance of your neighbor here, that you go into nostalgia thinking, "Those were the days, what days they were." We are talking about fragrance here. Fragrant means something that smells good. Okay? Remember aromatic. What word is it? Aromatic. What does aromatic mean? It is also something that is full of fragrance. Reminiscent. When we remember something old, something beautiful, something fragrant, we call it reminiscent. Remember evocative. Evocative means to recall pleasant memories. Evocative also means something that reminds us of pleasant things. What is it? It is evocative. And remember the word 'balmy', don't forget. Besides this, if we are talking about a bad smell, we call it rancid, putrid, musty, fetid. Remember. Okay? There should be no doubt in this. I think everyone will be clear about this. Okay? There is one more word. The word is pungent. What is the word? Pungent. What is the word? Pungent. Remember? Don't forget. What is the word? Redolent. Clear? So the words we have done today are some excellent words for exams. Let's move on to idioms. The first idiom for today that you will see, which has been used, is 'walk a tightrope'. We are walking on a tightrope. That is, we are trying to balance. Balance of what? Remember, to deal with a sensitive or difficult situation with caution. We are in a sensitive situation. You must have seen children performing stunts, walking on a rope. So what do they do? It's a difficult situation, right? So if we are trying to balance in a difficult situation, we call it walking a tightrope. Come to the second one. 'Kick the can down the road'. Kick the can down the road. This means that we are not finding a resolution to something. We are not finding a solution to something. On the contrary, what are we doing? We are delaying that work. To delay action instead of resolving a problem. We are not resolving the problem. We are delaying it, saying, "It will happen, it will happen." Then what will happen later? The problem will become very big. So what do you call it? Kick the can down the road. Kick the can down the road should be the answer. 'Take something with a grain of salt'. To look at everything with suspicion. To become doubtful about everything. To become doubtful. We call it take something with a grain of salt. To be doubtful about the accuracy or sincerity of something. Okay? So remember, take something with a grain of salt is the right answer. I think everyone understood it crystal clear. Let's move on to what? We will talk about three phrasal verbs. Remember, if something is scaled up. Scale means measure, you know. Up means up. So if we are increasing something, bringing growth in something, that is called scaling up. To expand or grow something significantly. We call scaling up something to grow significantly. Clear? Similarly, 'root out'. Root out means to uproot from the root and throw away. Uproot from the root. Root means root, right? So uprooting from the root. That is root out. What else does it mean? To search for and eliminate something undesirable. Something that we don't need. We should root out poverty from our country. We should uproot poverty from our country. The next word is 'back down', class. I have taught this many times. Back means to go back. Back down means to concede in a disagreement. To admit defeat in a disagreement, a fight. We have backed down. Remember, don't forget. Today's root word is 'gnosis' G N O S or G N O or G N I L. It means to know. To know something. To know or recognize something. What has been made from this? Many words have been made. Which words have been made? Let's see. The first word is agnostic. Agnostic means a person who believes that nothing can be known about the existence of God. Who believes that it can never be known whether God exists or not. Such a person is agnostic. It doesn't matter to them whether God exists or not. What are they? Agnostic. Cognition. Cognition means to know something. To know something. Cognition means the mental process of acquiring knowledge. When we are acquiring knowledge, when we are knowing something, that is called cognition. The word is prognosis. You go to the doctor. The doctor checks your nerves and says, "It seems you have a fever, it seems you have a cold, a cough." He puts his stethoscope on you. So what is he doing? He is making a prognosis. Prognosis means to forecast. To make an assumption beforehand about what is going to happen. What are the possibilities? This is called prognosis. Remember. Recognize. I think everyone knows this. Let's skip this. This is not important. But it is a root, so I have written it. Let's move on. The passage is coming in front of you. Those who are new, they just have to do one thing. You have to complete the passage within the time limit I am giving, the timeline I am giving you. Those who are old students already know. Our focus should be on grasping its essence, what is the main issue, and finishing it on time. Clear? Let's start the time. Now read what happened, man. What happened to the timer? Let's start reading. Read it once. If you finish reading, type 'Done'. Okay, I think you have finished reading. A lot of time has passed. Let's start reading and understanding. Hero, water has entered. I know it rained a lot yesterday. It rained a lot here too. Manage it, man. Okay, manage it. A child once sent me a photo, I still remember. He was a child from Assam. I was teaching in the morning, and he used to take class from where? Not from his home. He used to leave at 5:30 in the morning and go to the station. Because there was no internet near his house. He used to sit in the bus for about 1 hour, go, and take class sitting at the railway station. So one day what happened? He messaged me that he couldn't take class for two-three days. So I asked why? So you know what he did? He went to his roof, and he placed the camera like this on the roof, and he rotated it like this. Okay? You won't believe it. As far as the eye could see, there was no sign of land. There was water everywhere. There was water everywhere. There were only two houses in between, and there was not a little water, but so much water. Okay? So it's about commitment. Hero, you also take inspiration from him. Let's read what it says. What is being said? The imposition of President's Rule, once a frequent and politically motivated tool of the center, has declined considerably since the 1990s. It is being said that the imposition of President's Rule, once upon a time, it used to be imposed very frequently, and generally, it was imposed for political reasons, due to political motivation, and it became a kind of political tool at one time. Now look, now the author is saying that this concept of President's Rule, this imposition, has declined considerably. President's Rule is no longer being applied anywhere for a long time. It doesn't happen nowadays. Okay? Has declined considerably. And since when has this happened? Since the 1990s. It stopped happening after the 1990s. This welcome shift is a consequence of S.R. Bommai, the landmark judgment, the rising influence of regional parties in national politics, and public revulsion to its misuse. When the author is giving the reasons. Now, first of all, understand this: the author is saying this is a welcome shift. That is, if it has stopped being imposed, then according to the author, it is a good thing. A good thing. Now he is saying what are the reasons? It happened because of this. Consequence means why has it stopped being applied? What are its reasons? The first reason is a judgment, the S.R. Bommai judgment. The second reason is that the influence of regional parties in national politics has increased a lot. This is also a second reason, and the third reason is that the public has a revulsion that it will be misused. That is, the public knows that if President's Rule is imposed, it will be misused somewhere. So the public does not like President's Rule. There is hatred. There is revulsion in their minds. In recent years, its application has become rare, reserved for genuine constitutional breakdown or severe internal security challenges, such as in Manipur. Now, it is being said that in recent years, its application has become very rare. It has become very reserved. And it is genuinely applied only when there is a constitutional breakdown or severe internal security challenges. And such severe internal security challenges were seen in Manipur. On Friday, President's Rule was extended there by another six months from August 13. Now it is being said that on Friday what happened? This President's Rule has been extended by another six months. Where? In Manipur. But few would contest the extension as the center is struggling to find a durable solution to the ethnic conflict. Some people will infer from this. Some people will debate about it, that the reason for its extension, for its being extended, is that the government, the center, is struggling to find a permanent solution to it. There is no solution in sight to the ethnic conflict going on there. That's why it is being extended. Following the resignation of N. Biren Singh and the fall of the BJP government there, there has been a discernible but fragile calm. Now the author is saying that since N. Biren Singh's resignation and since the fall of the BJP government there, there has been a discernible, that is, a noticeable, visible change, but the calmness there is still fragile, meaning it has calmed down, but it has calmed down in a very weak way. A crackdown on militant groups that had operated with impunity has reduced open violence, and some families displaced since May 2023 have begun to return home. It is being said that these militant groups, these extremist organizations that were operating with impunity. Now, since the crackdown on them, since action has started against them, violence has reduced there. And some families that had been displaced have started returning to their homes. However, these positive developments are overshadowed by the unbridged and deep-seated ethnic schism between the Kuki-Zo and Meitei communities. It is being said. Look, 'however' is used, right? So 'however' means the opposite is being said. But these positive developments that you are seeing are overshadowed by the tremendous rift, the schism that has occurred, which is between the Kuki-Zo community and the Meitei community. The landscape of Manipur is still carved up by buffer zones rigidly segregating communities. It is being said that the landscape of Manipur, there are still buffer zones. What is the meaning of buffer zones? Divided into different parts, saying "You won't come here. You won't come here." And by doing so, what has been done? Communities have been segregated. They have been separated. The political chasm is just as stark. The author is saying that the rift is not just among people. The author is saying that there is a political chasm here as well. There is a division among them politically as well. Kuki-Zo groups are resolute in their demand for a separate administration. Now, the Kuki-Zo group wants what? They are firm that they want a separate administration. A separate government. While hardline Meitei organizations, while the Meitei organizations are persisting that the 'brands', the fellow citizens, should be considered outsiders. So this narrative is going on there. If we read the passage, we will understand that the author has welcomed the fact that President's Rule is there. Okay? At least violence has reduced, but in the latter part, he has also mentioned the challenges, what challenges we are facing. Clear? Let's move on to the second part. Then we will set the target for today, what should be our target. It is in front of you. How much? 1 hour 1 minute 20 seconds. Read carefully, read attentively. Sakshi, if you practice continuously, you will get it. Every child faces difficulty in the beginning, understand this. See, if you cannot read within the given time, then it is a skill issue. With time, when you work consistently, with persistence, it will start changing on its own. Children who are just starting, whose basics are weak, face this difficulty in the beginning. That's why I say this is a long-duration task. It's a task of consistency. Let's read what is being said. Administrative steps, particularly those that reiterate the de-weaponization and a de-fanging of militant groups acting for ethnic interests, must continue. Now the author is saying that these administrative steps that are being taken, where de-weaponization is being done, where weapons are being taken back, and de-fanging is being done, where militant groups are being weakened, who were working for ethnic interests, this work must continue. They not only break the aura of impunity with which these groups function but will also encourage moderates to raise their voices for reconciliation. It is being said that if this continues, then what will happen? This, this misconception they have that they have impunity. That no one can do anything to them. So this impunity will end. Along with this, the moderates there will also be able to raise their voices and raise voices for establishing peace and reconciliation. During Mr. Singh's tenure, prominent civil society activists seeking to halt the conflict by criticizing the biased nature of the governance were hounded. Meaning, it is being said that when Biren Singh was the Chief Minister there, the civil society activists who wanted this conflict to halt, to stop, and who were criticizing the government, its biased nature, they were being hounded, they were being harassed. But the administrative measures to improve the rule of law must be supplemented by political gestures. It is being said that these measures being adopted, this establishment of law, must be supplemented, meaning it should be further strengthened with political gestures, meaning the government should also help more in this. The BJP enjoyed support in the valley and the hills when it was elected, but has been unable to bridge the ethnic hostility. It is being said that the BJP got support in this valley when it was elected, when it was elected. But it has not been able to bridge this rift, this gap, this hostility. This is largely because the party's national leadership has shown little inclination to treat the issue urgently. And the author is saying the reason for this is that the national leadership has not shown much interest or inclination to deal with this issue. Leaving it to civil servants and security forces to tackle the problem. And all this responsibility has been put on whom? On civil servants, or the security forces have been given the responsibility, saying, "You find the solution." While the continuation of President's Rule might seem inevitable in Manipur, its success should not be measured by the absence of violence alone. And the author is saying that the continuation of President's Rule was inevitable. Inevitable means it was destined to happen. But its success, its success should not be measured only by the reduction of violence. The center's responsibility is to foster political conditions to bridge the ethnic divides. It is the government's responsibility to promote, foster. To create such political conditions where this divide that has been created among them can be reduced, bridged. But that responsibility must be shared. But this is not someone's responsibility alone. It should be everyone's responsibility. Political parties and civil society groups must defy the hardliners. These extremist people, these political parties and civil society groups, they should go against them. And begin the painstaking work. And do this laborious work of reconciliation. The future of a peaceful Manipur will be written by the initiatives of committed political actors. It is being said that the future of Manipur will be written by political actors who want to do what? Who want to transcend, to elevate, to eliminate these ethnic divisions, and who want to heal this fractured society. Only they will be able to do some work. Let's set the target. We will set the target for both. New students, the target is to get five marks. New students, meaning less than 1 month. Old students, the target is to get eight marks. Here is the first question. Read it. Answer it. 30 seconds are for you. 30 seconds for you guys. Read it. Read it carefully, the answer will come. What can be reasonably inferred about the role of the judiciary from the passage? What role of the judiciary is mentioned in the passage? Only one thing is mentioned in the passage, that the past judgment that happened, because of which President's Rule has not been applied for a long time. That's what is discussed. Read it. The judiciary has always opposed. The judiciary has always shown opposition. This is not true at all. The judiciary recently intervened in the Manipur crisis. It is not written anywhere. Judicial oversight has led to the... It is because of the judiciary that different administrations have come there. There is no mention of this anywhere. The judiciary influences electoral success. The judiciary is also responsible for this electoral success. This is the most nonsensical answer. This is the right answer. The S.R. Bommai judgment curtailed arbitrary central power. This judgment did what? It curtailed the power of the central government to impose President's Rule, and because of this, President's Rule cannot be applied as easily. Read the second question. 30 seconds. What is the central argument of the passage? Whenever a question comes asking what is the central argument of the passage? Always think, what is the main issue? What is the entire story about? What is that one thing that the author is discussing? See, President's Rule is no longer misused. President's Rule is no longer misused. Is the entire passage about this? The passage is not about this. The ethnic conflict in Manipur can only be resolved with the help of the military. It is not about this at all. If political and administrative efforts are made, and if they work together, then the ethnic divide in Manipur can be reduced. If you look, the author has given these suggestions from beginning to end. This is its right answer. Read the next question. It's an easy question. If you can read it, read it. It's a good question. It is being said, in the context of the sentence, tell me, what does 'impunity' mean here in the context of the crackdown on militant groups that were operating with impunity? What does impunity mean? Operating with immunity means what? If you look, operating with impunity means they were not afraid that something would happen to them. They were working with boldness. If you look, boldness stemming from immunity from consequences. They were not afraid of the consequences. They were working, they knew nothing could happen to them. They had support. Option B is the right answer. It was a bit difficult. Read the next question. Read it. It's a critical reasoning question. You have 40 seconds. The answer is clearly written in the passage. It is being said, which of the following best captures the author's criticism? Which of the following points highlights the author's criticism? If you look, the center failed to militarize the regions. The center had already sent the military, it is clearly written there. One is wrong. The center's over-reliance on civil society. The passage clearly states. The government did not show any inclination from its side. On the contrary, they relied on whom? They relied on civil society, thinking that they would do what? They would find a solution. They would find a solution. If you look, the center's over-reliance on civil society escalated the ethnic schism. Because of this, the divide increased. The center ignored civil servants. No, that's not it. The center imposed arbitrary rules. Arbitrary means imposed random rules. That is also not mentioned anywhere. The center delayed political engagement, allowing the conflict to stagnate. Now, look, everything is correct here. But the problem is the word 'stagnate' is written here. Stagnate means to stop. What does it mean? To stop. So there is no meaning of stopping here. The right answer here is option B. That their reliance, over-reliance on civil society, increased the tension. Here is the fifth question. Read it. I bring slightly tricky questions on Saturdays so that we stay motivated for Monday. So that our focus remains. Read it. See what is being said. The success of President's Rule in Manipur, as per the author. According to the author, the success of President's Rule should not be measured only by the reduction of violence. Is there another factor? What is that factor? I'll go straight to the answer. The author says that we should also see how much reconciliation efforts are being made. How much effort is being made for people to live together. How many cross-community dialogues are happening? And how are administrative measures working together? How is their integration happening? This is its right answer. Read the last question. Give the answer. You have 20 seconds. If you read carefully, you will get the answer. Its right answer is, look, it is being said, it is being asked, if you describe the author's tone best, how is it? Empathetic? It is not empathetic. Detached means not caring. It is not like that either. Optimistically supportive of the center's intervention. It is not supportive of the center either. Eliminate. Now two options are left. First is sharply critical of federalism. Is it criticizing federalism? That the central government is criticizing? That the central government should only do its own thing. No, the answer is. It is concerned about this. It is concerned and analytically critical. Of administrative inertia. Inertia means inactivity. That is, there is no activity from the administration. And along with that, it is expressing concern. Option D is the right answer. Let's get an introduction to the second passage. We will do the answers as homework. I will provide you with the keys. Okay? Let's read what is being said. The United Kingdom Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement, signed by the two countries on Thursday, is a good example of the give and take between two large economies of comparable size. It is being said that this Comprehensive Economic Trade Agreement between India and the United Kingdom, which was signed by the two countries on Thursday. It is a good example of give and take between two large economies. While the UK has agreed to provide India duty-free access to about 99% of its tariff lines. It is being said that on one hand, the UK has agreed to provide India duty-free access to about 99% of its tariff lines. It has been more conservative. On the other hand, the UK has been very conservative. When it comes to the movement of professionals. It has approved visas for only 1800 people, meaning only 1800 people can come and work there annually. For niche professional roles such as yoga instructors, classical musicians, and this agreement falls short of making commitments on broader visa categories such as business visitors or IT professionals. Nor does this agreement mention much about what? About visa categories for businesses and for IT professionals. Meaning, the author is saying that there are some good things and some bad things. Now look further. This was something India had been keen on. India had been very keen on this happening, but it couldn't happen. On the other hand, if we talk about the UK, while India has opened about 90% of its tariff lines. India has also opened about 90% of its tariff lines for duty-free import for the UK. But India has also kept some things restricted. What has it restricted? It has kept key agricultural products. Key agricultural products like dairy products, apples, oats, and edible oils. These have been kept out of this deal. And this was a key demand of the UK. The UK wanted this to happen too. But it was not done. Similarly, while India has committed to reducing duties on automobile imports by a substantial 100 percentage points over time, these are subject to a graded quota over the next decade, which gives the domestic industry time to adjust. It is being said. Similarly, one more thing has happened. India has reduced the duties, the taxes on automobile imports by about 100%. But it has imposed a condition that this will be on a graded basis. That is, it will be step by step. Because of this, what will happen? The domestic industry will get time to adjust. A sign of a good deal is when both sides walk away happy but not satisfied. The author is saying that a good deal is one where both sides are happy but not satisfied. In any case, such bilateral deals should not be viewed as a zero-sum game. And we should not look at such deals as if one party has benefited and the other has lost. No, in such deals, both parties benefit. This is being said. Enhancing bilateral trade is in both countries' interests. If bilateral trade is increased, then it is a good thing for both countries. Especially at a time when the world's biggest trading powers, especially at a time when the biggest trading powers are increasing tariffs. Who is increasing tariffs? Who is increasing tariffs? Who is increasing? The US is increasing. So it is being talked about in the context of the US. Let's read the second one. Where will you get the passage? You will get it on the Telegram channel 'English with Anubhav Sir'. Now look what is being said. The UK is a small trading partner. The UK is a relatively small trading partner for India. But there lies a scope for growth. But here there are very big chances for growth. While at a macro scale, the gains might initially be limited. If the author is saying that if seen on a large scale, the gains appear limited. But the truth is, the sector-wise increases have the potential to be significant. They can become very big in the future. Sectors such as agriculture, textiles, leather, and chemicals are all set to see quick gains. It is being said that these sectors, like agriculture, textiles, leather, chemicals. All of them will see gains in the future. There is potential for long-term benefits too. The UK is a major gateway to Europe. The UK is a gateway to Europe. Okay? Which is a much bigger trading partner of India. So if a deal has been made with the UK, then there are very good possibilities of it happening with them too. Goods destined for Europe could be routed through the UK. Goods that go to Europe can be sent through the UK. And the duty-free arrangement will likely enhance this flow. And because no tax will be levied, this flow will increase even more. Companies in other countries that already export to the UK will also start viewing India more favorably as an investment destination, so as to take advantage of the duty-free access. It is being said that countries that export to the UK will also view India more favorably and as an investment destination, and will take advantage of this. It is now up to the government to help Indian exporters. Now it is up to the government to help Indian exporters scale up their business and compete internationally. Another consideration is that such a deal sets the template for future ones. The author is saying, another benefit of this deal is that when such deals happen, a path is prepared for the future, that such deals can happen in the future too. The general trend is that the bigger the economy being negotiated with, the bigger the concessions given. It is being said that the trend is that the bigger the deal, the bigger the concession will be. The United States and the European Union will now want more from India. And through this deal, what will happen? The United States and the European Union will want more from India than they have wanted so far. Very good, very good article. Brother, why do you start making notes for everything? Who said to make notes for vocabulary? If you understand from notes, then make them. Otherwise, if you can revise the PDF, you can make them from this. There is no problem. The question is in front of us. These are four questions in front of you. I would like you to solve them yourself. Tell me once. How did you like the class in the comment section? If you haven't liked the video, please like it. Also, you know I have launched my descriptive batch. That descriptive batch is an AI-enabled batch. If descriptive is coming in your examination, then I launched it the day before yesterday at 11 AM. Watch that video completely. If you purchase it, you can use the code. Which one? Y T 0 1, you can use that code. We are also having a sale. You can take advantage of this too. If descriptive is coming in your examination, then that batch can prove to be life-changing for you, in my opinion. Because it is the first batch that also gives you AI support. Okay, I think you understood. You will find things on the Telegram channel 'English with Anubhav Sir'. Read, work hard. I will put the answer keys on the last page of this itself. Or I will give them separately on Telegram. English with Anubhav Sir is my Telegram channel. Thank you very much. Meet me at 11 AM for Super Mocks, and tomorrow at 11 AM, please do meet me for our marathon. Thank you very much.