Transcription
[Music] Welcome to the Real News Network. I'm Paul Jay, and Baltimore, and welcome to reality asserts itself.
A few weeks ago, we did a series of interviews with Chris Hedges, and one of the things we talked about was the weakness of the left, the weakness of the people's movement, if you will. Well, we're going to continue that discussion now, and Chris joins us again in the studio. Chris, as I, everyone probably knows by now, is a Pulitzer Prize-winning journalist and a senior fellow at the Nation Institute. Along with Joe Sacco, he wrote The New York Times bestseller *Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt*, and he writes a weekly column for Truthdig. Thanks for joining us.
Thank you. So, last time we talked a lot about something you had said in 2008, and you've written more recently about one of the gravest weaknesses of the left was not creating a viable vision of what an alternative politics and economy looks like, a viable vision of a socialism. But you've written more recently about some other weaknesses of, you could say, of the people's movement. And, and here's one, and I'll read it back. This is a piece you wrote called "Let's Get This Class War Started," which I guess is a play on Pink's song, "Let's Get This Party Started." The quote is: "The inability to grasp the pathology of our oligarchic rulers is one of our gravest faults." What are you talking about?
Because we don't understand the pathology of the rich. Um, we've been saturated with, uh, cultural, uh, images and, uh, a kind of cultural deification of wealth and those who have wealth. We keep, we are being, uh, you know, they present people of immense wealth as somehow leaders, oracles, even. And, um, uh, we don't grasp internally, uh, what it is an oligarchic class is finally about, or how venal, morally bankrupt they are. Uh, we need to recover the language of class warfare to grasp what is happening to us. And we need to shatter this self-delusion that somehow, if, as Obama says, we work hard enough and study hard enough, we can be one of them. Uh, the fact is, the people who created the economic mess that we're in were the best educated people in the country. Larry Summers, former president of Harvard, and other, uh, the issue is not education. The issue is greed. And I, unfortunately, had the experience of being shipped off to a private boarding school at the age of 10 as a scholarship student and lived, I was one of 16 kids on scholarship, and I lived among the super-rich. And I watched them, uh, and I think much of my, uh, hatred of authority and my repugnance for the ruling elite comes from having been among them for so long.
Yeah, people don't understand the elite schools. Even at the high school level, that, that they get the kids get excellent educations. That, but it, they learn the whole culture of hundreds or thousands of years of how to rule, right? And, and it's a deep, rich understanding of it. Not only that, but they, you know, and George Bush is a perfect example of that. Well, not so much an example of deep, rich understanding. No, but of, of how, you know, affirmative action for the rich. And I came, certainly on my mother's side of the family, from, you know, lower working class. I mean, people, my, one of my uncles lived in a trailer in Maine, and certainly people with no means. And I would juxtapose the world I was in with that world. And, uh, it was very clear that it wasn't about intelligence or aptitude. Uh, the fact is, if you're poor, you only get one chance. Uh, if you're wealthy, like Bush, you get chance after chance after chance after chance. So you're a C student at Andover, and you go to Yale, and you go to Harvard Business School, and you're AWOL from, uh, your National Guard unit, and you're a cokehead, and it doesn't really matter. You don't even really have a job till you're 40, and you become president of the United States. So, um, that was what was particularly insidious, how those small, tight, elite, oligarchic circles perpetuated themselves and promoted mediocrity, because many of these people, like Bush, are very mediocre human beings, uh, at the expense of the rest of us. And how, with money, uh, they gain the system. And of course, now we live in an oligarchic state where we've been rendered utterly powerless. And are the judiciary, the legislative, the executive branch is all subservient to an oligarchic corporate elite. Uh, and the press is owned by an oligarchic corporate elite, which makes sure that any critique of them, uh, is never broadcast over the airwaves.
It's not, it's not some like inherent evilness or something, but you are, you are brought up as a super-rich or very rich in a culture, in a school, in a milieu where everyone's there to serve you. It's your right to be served. Yeah, it's, it's, it's very distasteful to see because, you know, I would go to the homes of friends of mine and watch. And let's remember, their children, 11, 12 years old, ordering around adults, their servants, their nannies. And I, and I begin that piece by talking about Fitzgerald, who, uh, came from the Midwest to Princeton and went through much the experience that I went through. And, uh, that apocryphal exchange, which didn't take place, but it does represent the difference between Hemingway and Fitzgerald, where, uh, Fitzgerald at one point had written, with the story is that he said, "The rich aren't like you and I." And Hemingway is supposed to have quipped, "Yes, they have more money." Well, Hemingway, like on many things, was wrong. The rich are different. Because when you have that much money, then human beings become disposable. Even friends and family become disposable and are replaced. And when the rich take absolute power, then the citizens become disposable, which is, in essence, what's happened.
There, there is a very callous indifference. I mean, these people, and C. Wright Mills wrote about this in *The Power Elite*, they're utterly cut off. I mean, the only people they ever meet who are members of the working class are people who work for them, their gardeners, or their chauffeur. Um, they live in self-encased bubbles. They have no real contact with reality. I mean, they don't even fly on commercial airlines. And yet, they have absolute power. Now, that becomes very dangerous politically, because they're so out of touch. And they are able to retreat into their enclaves, in the same way that you saw in France under Louis the Sixteenth, people retreating into Versailles, or the end of the Chinese dynasty, when everybody went to the...
For Versailles.
Yeah. And, and that's, I think, you know, so that they will extract more and more and more, uh, because they have no self-imposed limits, without understanding the economic, political, and social consequences of what they're doing. So we have a popular uprising through the Occupy movement, where people pour into public space to, uh, express legitimate grievances. Student debt, the next bubble to go down, a trillion dollars in debt, which we now saw courtesy of our Congress. Debt rates, you know, interest rates will actually go up in a couple of years. I mean, more than if they're just taking it from a bank. It's insane. And meanwhile, the Federal Reserve is, uh, buying $85 billion a month worth of junk bonds and giving money at virtually 0% interest to Goldman Sachs. I mean, it's insane. The failure to address the mortgage and foreclosure crisis, the failure to address the chronic unemployment, underemployment, which, I mean, half of the country now lives in poverty, including the working poor, or near poverty. And what is the response? The response is to physically shut down the encampments, uh, uh, suspend, uh, unemployment benefits, cut food stamps, close things like Head Start. It's crazy. Um, and, and that's what happens when you have an elite that is that unplugged, which our elite is. Um, so they will push and push and push myopically, uh, out of ignorance, until something erupts. And that's exactly where we're headed.
It's interesting, there are some children of some of the super-rich, and I think Occupy had something to do with it, who kind of woken up a bit to the situation and, and don't want to repeat the pattern of their parents. Get some of the, get some of the insanity of it. I don't know if they, if they're, if they're children of the, the super-rich. I think that Occupy had a lot of children of the middle class. No, no, I don't mean the majority of Occupy, but there, I just, I actually know who some of these people are, and it's interesting that they're children of, of very, very wealthy people, and they have decided that, you know, there needs to be more to life than repeating this, living in this bubble.
Well, they may be out there, but I don't think they're a majority. They're a very tiny minority. Most of them get sucked right into that cult of the self, which the super-rich, um, manage to, uh, perpetuate at a rather nauseating level. And we were talking off camera just before we started how we both knew Gore Vidal. And Vidal used to go on about the total immorality of the super-rich. Oh, he would know. Well, he would know for a lot of reasons, one, in terms of his own life, but also in terms, he, he knew many of these people well. So did I. I mean, and I think that's what I'm getting at, exactly. I mean, you know, I, I wrote in that column about, you know, being at this boarding school and watching these fathers pull up in their limousines, fathers who had very little contact with their sons, with their personal photographers, and these were famous wealthy men. And that picture of them playing with their son, which was total fiction, would be, uh, disseminated through the press.
Uh, amorality, hedonism, selfishness, uh, callousness. And, and part of it is the, uh, the total willingness to accept, for example, that ordinary people, families should send their kids off to war to defend the American way of life, which means essentially their way of life. Can die for these things. Uh, it's, it's, it's almost a kind of racism. I mean, when the British enslaved the Irish, you don't have to be black and of color to be thought of as less than human. And, and that seems to be what the super-rich think about most, most other people.
Well, not, and not just the working class. I mean, the kind of disdain for the working class, and also the middle class. I mean, in some way, the way they would speak about the middle class. And, you know, in essence, coming out of the middle class, this was something that that struck home to me. Uh, uh, yeah, they live, they inhabit another world. And they have very sophisticated mechanisms of public relations and well-publicized acts of philanthropy to hide, uh, their private faces, but how they act when the doors are closed, and how they act in public is very different. And having, as Vidal was, as Fitzgerald was, you know, having been behind those closed doors and seeing the decadence of the ruling elite, uh, it, it certainly marked me for the rest of my life. And it, it, it defined for me at a very early age who my enemies were.
You quote in your article, Carl Marx, writing, "The ruling ideas are nothing more than the ideal expression of the dominant material relationships." Marx wrote, "The dominant material relationships grasped as ideas." Why did that hit you?
Well, because the whole notion of the free market, laissez-faire capitalism, globalization, is a very thin rationale for unmitigated greed by a tiny oligarchic elite. And they have made sure that that ideology is taught in universities across the country. And people, especially economists who deviate from that ideology, uh, have been pushed aside, have become pariahs. Um, and, and yet the driving ethos of that ideology is really to justify the hoarding of immense amounts of wealth by a very tiny, uh, percentage of, you know, the upper ruling class. That's what it is. It, I mean, the, the whole lie of globalization, perpetuated by people who popularize it like Tom Friedman, has already been exposed. I mean, the idea that it's going to lift all of us up and create middle class and, you know, uh, well-compensated working-class families in the third world. I mean, all of it's been exposed. And, and, and I think part of his point is that this isn't just some innate ideas that everyone is essentially greedy, these people just happen to be rich, and you are not as lucky or as smart as they are. It's that it comes from what he calls the material conditions, about like how stuff is owned, who has power as a result of concentration of ownership, how things are distributed. It's not that every, you know, it doesn't have to be this way. It's a product of how the society is ordered. Right? So in that sense, the ideology serves the system. The intellectual class serves the system. Those economists whose voices are heard, who get tenure, serve the system. And those who don't serve the system don't have a job. Um, and that's what Marx was getting at. And I, and I think that's extremely true. I mean, we don't live in a free market society. We live in a society where corporations, at will, loot the U.S. Treasury, and the Federal Reserve, and are bailed out by the taxpayer. And yet, uh, uh, that fact of kind of corporate socialism for corporations, uh, is ignored. And yet, it, you know, it is. And that's dangerous because there's an utter disconnect from the language that we use to describe our economic system and the reality of our economic system, which is essentially a system where corporations have become predators on government and taxpayer money. And we're all going to pay for it because most of this stuff, these bonds that they're buying up, is is garbage. Um, you know, it is things like, uh, foreclosed homes that on the books are worth $600,000, but in reality, because the electricity has been turned off, the basement's flooded, you'd have to spend money to raise it, to put up anything of any kind of value. And that, that is going to blow right up in our face.
And this, this idea that you're expressing, that the majority of professional paid intellectuals, professors, and writers and pundits, the idea that the free market is the fundamental assumption and starting point, to suggest anything else might work is sacrilegious. And then some people say, well, that's because America's always been like this. America's the center-right country. But, but it's not true. And, you know, pre-World War II, in the 1930s, and right after World War II, there was a big public debate about about what kind of economy, what kind of politics. And there was a real campaign waged to get rid of public intellectuals, get rid of union militants, get rid of actors and directors, anyone that wanted to have this public discourse was hounded out of office. That's, I write, "Death of the Liberal Class" is really that story, how all of these people were silenced, pushed to the margin, stripped of employment, including like even high school teachers. I mean, we, Ellen Schrecker, the historian, has done a good job on this.
Just quickly, for people who know what we're talking about, we're talking about the House Un-American Activities, McCarthyism, and a real campaign to try to move anyone with a kind of progressive, socialist idea out of anything. And they were effective. I mean, in a way, far more effective than in Europe. I mean, in Europe, you'll still have a residue. Or we've been robbed of language by which we can express the reality of what what we're undergoing. Uh, and that's because, you know, our radical populist dissident movements, those who offered a critique of the power elite, have been, um, banished or silenced.
Now, you, you write something here, which, you know, if you, you would not be allowed to say on mainstream news anywhere. You write, "Class struggle defines most of human history. Marx got this right. The sooner we realize that we're locked in a deadly warfare with our ruling corporate elite, the sooner we'll realize that these elites must be overthrown." There's a massive campaign not even to use the words "class warfare." In fact, if you talk class, people accuse you of being essentially anti-American.
I don't think you can understand, uh, the nature of capitalism if you don't understand the nature of class warfare. You know, if I was running a Wall Street firm, I'd only hire Marxist economists because they understand that capitalism is about exploitation. Marx got that right. And, um, that gets back to the nature of the ruling elite. I mean, we are the most, uh, illusion society on the planet. The airwaves are awash in lies. Um, you know, they very skillfully know how to humanize figures, I mean, even idiots like Donald Trump, to mask what it is they're actually doing to the rest of us. And I think we have to begin to puncture the, uh, very effective mirages that have been created. And, and corporate CEOs, of course, spend billions of dollars to create these mirages to understand our reality. I mean, look at BP. You'd think BP was Greenpeace, given the amount of commercials that they're running about how much they care about the Gulf, when in fact, they turned the waters of the Gulf into a dead zone and poisoned the shrimp and all of the other, which they're selling us to eat. And yet, we don't have mechanisms by which, or there certainly within the mainstream, what major network is going to go do a serious documentary on BP? Um, you're not, you're not going to confront those interests because at this point, these interests, uh, you know, they own or control the systems of information as well as the systems of education.
Your article ends with, "The only route left to us, as Aristotle knew, is revolt."
Well, because the mechanisms of internal and piecemeal reform don't work. And you talked about the New Deal. The New Deal was the classic example of that kind of safety valve. And as Roosevelt said, I mean, his greatest achievement was that he saved capitalism. And in the stupidity of the corporate oligarchic elite, they destroyed the liberal class. I mean, we still have a self-identified liberal class, but they, um, no longer do anything to defend the interests of those they claim to represent, whether that's the working class, the middle class, labor, anyone else. And by destroying that safety valve, by destroying that liberal class, those mechanisms that made piecemeal and incremental reform possible, you no longer can adjust the system. So you can't ameliorate the suffering or the grievances of the underclass. And now we're talking about half the country now. Uh, that means that if you want to resist, if you want to, uh, create change, um, you can't do it through traditional political parties. You can't do it through the courts. You can't do it through a corporatized media. Um, you have to step outside the system and create popular mechanisms, mass movements, uh, that will begin to put pressure, uh, in a cruder way, on the centers of power. That's, that is the only hope we have left.
You say you can't do incremental reform. The elite can't even pass regulations that would serve their own interests in terms of controlling financial speculation, for example. A simple change in terms of position limits of the Commodities Future Trading Commission, that anyone that wants some kind of functioning capitalist system would want to have this, so that you don't have another financial collapse like 2008. They can't even pass that. But they don't, the people who are running Wall Street don't give a damn. They know it's going to collapse. And what they're doing is stealing as fast as much as they can on the way out the door.
There's a very deep synergy. They make money. They make money after the collapse as well, because they know the state's there to bail them out. So, right. But, you know, this time around, it's going to be a little harder to pull state funds. I mean, they'll certainly attempt to do that. Um, uh, but, you know, the goal is so self-centered. You have, I think the head of United Healthcare made a billion dollars. I think last year. I think I have that right, but certainly hundreds of millions of dollars. The people, and it's all about amassing, uh, little monuments to themselves, little empires to themselves. You know, I have relatives who work on Wall Street, and their critique is not any different from mine. The difference is they're just grabbing as much as they can on the way out the door. And I think that is always symptomatic of a kind of dying civilization.
Yeah, Marx was asked once to describe the psychology of a capitalist, and it was what we talked about a little earlier: "After me, the floods. I'll get what I can today, and if the society is toast later, too bad." And I think they know it's going to be toast. And I think they think that they're going to retreat into their, you know, gated compounds and and survive it. They may survive it longer than the rest of us, but in the end, climate change alone is going to get us. So it's up to us. Don't expect anything from the oligarchs.
No. And, um, uh, not only that, they are creating systems in terms of exploitation, not only of us, but of the ecosystem, that if left unchecked, will ensure the extinction of the human species. It may already be too late, of course. But, um, you know, allowing the fossil fuel industry or these corporations to determine our relationship to the environment is a form of collective insanity at this point.
Thanks for joining us.
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