Transcription
Hello everyone, welcome to Mango Ads. So, finally, we have arrived at the live session for Class 9th Computer Applications. For the past week, I have been coming live. Every alternate day, I am present before you for Class 11th IP or Class 12th IP. So, many children have told me many times, "Ma'am, when will you do Class 9th? Ma'am, when will you do Class 10th?" So today, your Shubha Ma'am has arrived on this amazing platform of Mat Bus, bringing a complete chapter revision of Chapter Number Six, Cyber Safety, for Class 9th Computer Applications, Code 165. Yes, we meet live every Sunday, so we had to meet live this Sunday too. This Sunday's live session is going to be very special because in this entire session, we will be reading about Cyber Safety. Cyber Safety, which is a very important issue in today's time. We are all most active on the internet nowadays, and as much as we are active on the internet, our security is also at greater threat. So, safety on the cyber comes first. So, quickly join me. Quickly join me. Hello everyone, welcome to the class. Hello, how are you all? Hello, hello, Wonder Scraper. Hello. Come on, come on, come on, brother. Come on, come on, brother. Welcome everyone. Hello Sarika, welcome to the class. Brother, the session needs to be shared. A tremendous sharing of the session is needed, brother. Come on, brother. Hello everyone, how are you all? Hello, hello Nisha, hello CBK. Good evening Preeti, good evening, good evening Arihant. Today I am seeing many new children here. Hello Ved, welcome to the class. Hello Jyoti, Jai Shri Ram. Nancy Kumari, brother, Jai Shri Ram. Come on, hello, hello Doman, hello. So, it's 6 PM on our watches, it's 6:02. I will keep this class from 6 to 7 or 7:1. And after this, there will be a live session for Class 10th, and the live session for Class 10th is also going to be very amazing because today in the live session for Class 10th, I will be discussing the most important questions of Cascading Style Sheets. It will be such a good class that you yourself will say, "Ma'am, today's class was very solid." Come on, brother, share quickly, brother. Radhe Radhe Lavanya, brother, Radhe Radhe. I am good, I am good, Nikhil. I am good. Good evening Ashish Fact, good evening. Yes, Owa Under Scraper, hello. Saso, okay, Soce Lover Nikhil, okay. Good evening Nisha Singh, good evening, good evening. Suraj Gupta, hi. Piyush, Har Har Mahadev. Rishita, Har Har Mahadev. Okay, Nikhil, welcome to the class. Nikhil, Jai Shri Ram, brother. Good evening, good evening, good evening Ashish. I am good, OP Gaming, good evening. Ved, brother, keep sharing the session quickly because this session is going to be another explosive session. Chapter Number Six, Cyber Safety. Brother, who isn't on the internet nowadays? Who doesn't use the internet today? And keeping yourself safe on the internet, securing your data, comes first. Brother, quickly, good evening, good evening, good evening, good evening. Rip 3 R Z, Rip 3 R Z, hi, hi Vicky Nakkar. Okay, I am good. Shiki, Shiki Chado, okay, nice name. Shiki Chado, good evening, good evening, brother. Come on, come on. So, brother, shall we start? But before I start this class, I want to share a few things with you. There is a bumper offer running on www.mango.com right now. You get a flat 15% discount on notes. On the purchase of notes, and you know which classes these e-notes are for? From Class 6 to Class 12, for all these classes, whichever class you are in, you get subject-specific e-notes for all the subjects in that class. And you know for how much? Only for ₹999. Tell me, in today's time, you don't even get good jeans for ₹999. You don't even get good jeans for less than ₹1000. We are giving you e-notes that will help you in your exams, and on top of that, we are giving you a 15% discount. What more can you ask for? So, if you understand this, then when this session ends, visit www.mangalam.com. Okay? Let's start this amazing session. Come on. What is Cyber Safety? Before we see what else is there in Cyber Safety, we need to know what Cyber Safety is. In this entire session, we will look at two things: what is Cyber Safety, and how can our identity, our identity on the internet, be spoiled by people? Identity fraud on Cyber Safety, identity fraud on the internet. These are two issues that we are going to discuss today. So, first, let's see, what is Cyber Safety? Today's age cannot even be thought of without the internet, not even in dreams. Absolutely true, brother. In today's time, if someone tells you that you don't have to go somewhere for two days, it's okay. But if someone tells you that I won't give you your phone for two days, you won't be able to be active on the internet for two days, then you will all feel, "What has happened?" Using the internet has become so common in today's time, and it has become a very important part of our daily lives. Tell me, if I am wrong, tell me quickly. Jai Shri Ram, Sachin Kaushal, brother. Come on, No Boost Gaming, I don't play any games right now. Free Fire, I only play one game, and that game is to help you all move forward on the path of success as much as possible. Okay, okay, okay, okay, Unnati. Come on, yes, Arihant Jain said, "Yes Ma'am, yes Ma'am, absolutely true." So, brother, today you can hold your breath for a while, but you cannot live without the internet. This is true. Although the internet has made many things easier, since the internet was developed, since the internet came into this world, and brother, since when has it come? When did the internet come? Can anyone tell me when the internet was invented? When was it invented? Absolutely, yes. When did the internet come? The internet came, but when did the internet become popular? When did the internet become popular? The internet became popular with the development of the WWW, that is, the World Wide Web. When the World Wide Web was developed, along with it, the internet gained the most popularity, that is, in 1990, 1991, late 1990s. This was the era when the internet gained the most popularity. So, although the internet has made many things easier, from 1990 till today, 2023, the internet has become so popular that it has continued to make all our daily tasks easier. But at the same time, it has posed many security risks if not used in a proper way. We use the internet for every kind of work today, but if we do not use this internet facility properly, then this same internet can bring many, many security risks for us, right, brother? Right, right? Come on, come on. This thing is clear, how big a role the internet plays in our lives. Come on, let's go. Therefore, it is important to know about possible threats, challenges, and risks of working on the internet, along with various measures to prevent oneself from them to ensure personal safety and information security. What is it saying? It's not just about using the internet. It's not just about making your daily work easier by using the internet. It's not just about making your daily exercises smooth by using the internet. If you use the internet, then it is equally important to have information about the associated security concerns, the risks you might face, the challenges you might encounter. Because if we know about these challenges, these risks, and these security threats, only then will we use the internet in that way. What on the internet can harm me? What can cause me trouble? If I have information about it, then I will use the internet keeping that in mind. It's not just this. If you know those security threats, those challenges, and risks, then you should also know about the measures to correct these challenges, these security threats, these risks. How can you protect yourself from all these security threats and risks? Clear? Come on, brother, is it clear? Come on, tell me quickly if this is clear or not. Quickly tell me how, when we browse the internet, we face many challenges, many security threats, and many risks while browsing the internet. So, information about these is necessary, along with how to deal with these challenges while working on the internet. We should also have information about this. Come on, okay, okay. Come on, let's move forward. Let's move forward. Come on. So, brother, what is Cyber Safety? What is Cyber Safety? We understood the importance of the internet in our lives. We also understood that as much as we are active on the internet, we are equally at the mercy of security threats and challenges. Brother, if you are in the world of the internet, then these challenges, these security threats are watching you. As they say, a little distraction leads to an accident. "Nazar hati, durghatna ghati" (Eyes diverted, accident happened). Yes, brother, this was what I had forgotten. "Nazar hati, durghatna ghati." So, brother, why divert your gaze? If we keep our gaze focused in one direction, then comes the matter of Cyber Safety, how to keep yourself safe on the internet. What does cyber mean? What does cyber mean? It means online. What does it mean? Online, or you can say internet. Cyber Safety or Internet Safety means the same thing, friend. Come on, let's see. Cyber Safety refers to the safe and responsible use of the internet. What kind of use of the internet? Safe and responsible use of the internet, so as to ensure the safety and security of personal information and not posing a threat to anyone else's information. See, you use the internet. Now, you don't physically go anywhere on the internet. The internet is a complete virtual world. So, in that virtual world, how will you be recognized? With the help of the data you provide, the information you provide, right or wrong, brother? If I am standing here, then I am physically present here. I am interacting with you all physically right now. But my words, my information, is reaching you through the internet, through the virtual world. So, if I am using the internet, what can be at risk? The personal information provided by me, any data provided by me that is traveling through the internet can have any problem. So, Cyber Safety says that you should use that internet world in such a way that it is safe for you and it is a responsible use. You must use the internet safely and responsibly so as to prevent yourself from various internet threats. Clear? Come on. It involves gaining knowledge about. Now, what kind of personal information can it be that can become a noose for you later? Like, you don't have much information about any website. There are many different types of people in this world, I am telling you the truth. Now, someone comes to you from a website saying, "Brother, you have won a lottery of so much." Emails come, messages come, even calls come. You have put your personal information on some website. You haven't checked the background of that website. It was some website, it showed you many exciting offers. You thought, "Wow, wow, this is very good. If I put my information here, maybe I will benefit from it." It captured your personal information from there and started emailing you, "Hi, welcome. You have won an amount of so much. Tell us your bank account number, your IFSC code, your CVV, your ATM PIN, they ask for everything, and you give it too." Why? Because they gave you a temptation. What temptation? That you have won a lottery, and they tell a very good amount, like 1 crore, 10 crores, 11 crores, something like that. And we are all middle-class people, we fall for this trap. So, what happened? You gave your personal information to someone without checking their background, without checking anything, to someone you don't know anything about. So, what happened? Your personal information, your number, your bank account number, your IFSC, your ATM, all these things were compromised there. And brother, after a few days, you get a message from your bank saying that your bank account has been emptied. So, what happened? It was a virtual world, no one physically stole anything from you, but virtually, a lot was snatched away from you. A lot was snatched away from you virtually. So, whenever you work on the internet, all these security threats, all these things that need to be handled with great care while using them. What can it involve? Your personal information. It involves gaining knowledge about. What can it involve? Possible threats to personal safety and security. Risks for the information. Whenever we talk about Cyber Safety, we consider two things. In Cyber Safety, we should know what are the threats that can harm me. And if these threats exist, see, you cannot stop anyone. If you are on the internet, the internet that connects this entire world, the internet that is the biggest network in this entire world, you cannot stop every person there. You cannot stop every person physically either. So, this is a virtual world, the internet is the biggest network in the world, connecting systems located in every corner of the world. So, when it's such a big world, who knows from where, sitting where, how they might access you, how they might extract your personal information from you. You should know about this. Even if you know, you cannot stop it. If someone wants to target you, like the example I gave you, that you have won so much lottery, you cannot stop them from emailing you. They have somehow got your personal information, your number, your email ID, and they have emailed you. Now, you cannot stop them from emailing you, but you can stop yourself. Meaning, you should take measures. You should know what is right for me and who can do wrong to me. Brother, they asked for your personal information, so it was your responsibility to check their background first, and only then give your personal information to anyone. Clear? So, measures to prevent and counter them. You should also know about these things. On the internet, there will be multiple threats, identity fraud, then cookies, many threats, your malware, hacking, trafficking, phishing, various threats, ransomware, many threats, Trojan horse, ransomware, different threats, different things. You cannot control them, but if you ever encounter these threats, you should know what protective measures you can take. Clear? Clear? Come on. Let's move forward. Let's move forward. Come on. So, brother, your financial and personal data can be used for harmful reasons. Your financial, your personal data, if you post it online, what kind of threats can you face through that data? Like hacking, someone hacking your system, someone stalking you, or identity fraud can also happen with you. Clear? Clear? Okay, does anyone have any doubts so far? Hello Anusha, Walekum Assalam, Anusha. Come on, brother, does anyone have any doubts so far? You can absolutely ask. Come on, come on. Any doubt? Anyone? Any doubt? Anyone? If not, I will move forward. Yes, Doraemon, the dark web is also a very big topic. Through the dark web, all these things happen: hacking, stalking, identity fraud. This is called the dark web, from where all the measures are taken. The person who wants to con you. Okay. Come on, brother. Come on, okay, okay. Hello Vansh, hello. Come on, brother. Over Under Scraper is asking, "Ma'am, Cyber Safety again?" Over Under Scraper, Cyber Safety is basically the process of using the internet in a more safe and responsible way, where you have to understand the threats which you will face on the internet, and even if you are facing that threat, that challenge, that risk, you should know the protective measures that you should use while facing that threat. Clear? Okay, okay, Arihant. Let's move forward then. Let's move forward. Come on. So, brother, let's talk about your financial and personal data. It can be taken from you through hacking, stalking, identity fraud, and you can be harmed. Come on, now, the topic we are going to talk about today is Identity Fraud. Which one, brother? Identity Fraud. What does this mean on the internet? This is very common. Identity Fraud means that by you, or your account, suppose your social media account, okay? Your user ID, your password, your account. Take any social media platform, Instagram. From. Brother, the name itself tells you. The name itself tells you. It means using someone else's identity to do something wrong. This is one type of identity fraud. And what else can it be? Identity Fraud. And Identity Fraud can be that some other person, using the name of some other person, meaning, suppose there is a company, okay? There is a company, suppose XYZ, a company in our name, and you are interested in that company. Now, someone knows that you are interested in this company, and they want to do something wrong with you. This company is not talking to you, but that person can talk to you using this company's name. Because that person knows that you are quite interested in this company, and that person can pose as that company. That person can come before you as a representative of that company and take your things from you. Okay. Identity Fraud: When personal details that have been accessed or stolen are used to commit fraudulent acts, posing as someone else with stolen identity. This is what is written: What to do? If you want to commit fraud with someone, then instead of going as yourself, you use someone else, something else, by using the name of some other organization, some other company, some other individual, if you commit fraud with someone. Meaning, if I am, and you are. I am, and you are. You are studying on Mango Beans, okay? Now, brother, I teach you Computer Science, Computer Applications, AI, all computer...
I teach you subjects, and what if some other organization downloads this video of mine and uploads it to their channel, putting the name Magnet Brains, and plays my video? I am not a teacher of that organization, I do not belong to that particular organization, but what did they do? They put the name Magnet Brains on their channel to increase their views, downloaded my video, and played it on their channel. So what did they do? Whose identity did they steal? They stole the identity of Magnet Brains. They stole the identity of Magnet Brains to increase their views. Now do you understand that by using someone else's name, you are defrauding someone else or committing fraud with someone else? Clear? The most common solution to this is private browsing and anonymous browsing on the internet. Now, look, one way to avoid identity fraud is that you can only stop identity fraud to some extent. You cannot stop identity fraud to a great extent. Why is that? The example I gave you, any anonymous person has a problem with Magnet Brains. Of course, many people do, and why shouldn't they, because we are giving you free education. Not every organization is giving you free education. From 0 to 12th grade on the entire YouTube, there are many people who are jealous of us, jealous of our children, jealous of our following. So what did they do? They created a channel named "Mang Bus". Can they do that? What do they do? Look, what is our channel? What is our channel? Our channel is Magnet Brains. This is our channel. What did they do? Now they cannot use this name. Why? Because it is a copyrighted name, because it is a trademark name. Okay. What will they do? "Mang Bus" underscore. They did it. They had to change it. They made one change and created a channel with this name. They downloaded a video of me or any other teacher and played it on their channel. Now, the student who is dedicatedly connected to us, the student who is focused and connected to us, will understand that this is not the official channel of Magnet Bus. This is some fraudulent person who has taken the name "Mang Bus". So we cannot stop this identity fraud, but we can minimize it to some extent by using private browsing and anonymous browsing. Now, we will look at private browsing and anonymous browsing in our next session. Today, we are not going to talk about them, but since they have come up here, I will give you a little hint. Call it private browsing or anonymous browsing, meaning whenever you see this on a web browser, Incognito mode. They call it Incognito mode, right? That you open Incognito mode on your browsers. Whenever you want to send any request on your browsers, access anything on your browsers, do it in Incognito mode. Because this mode of the browser is called your private mode. Private mode is a mode where you do very amazing browsing, from where your data cannot be easily accessed. What else happens in this, how is it done? We will learn this in our next session. Clear? For now, just understand this. You only need to understand this much: if you want to minimize identity fraud, the best solution is to start making use of private browser or anonymous browsing. Clear? Let's go. Let's go. Let's move forward. Let's move forward. Many ways websites track you. Now, this is a very interesting topic. You are sitting on your computer, your system is on the internet, you said I am safe, there is no one in my room. Well, there is no one in my room. Your system is with you. You have access to your system. You thought you were safe, but you are not safe. Your system is not safe. Why? Because your system is connected to the world's largest network, the world's largest network, that is the internet. It is active on it. So it is not necessary for the threat to always come physically. It is not necessary for the threat to always come into your house like a thief. It is not necessary for you to go out of your house and someone murders you. It is not necessary. Even if you are sitting in a room in your house and using your system, your system is also a target because it is connected to the internet. Let's go. Many ways websites track you. Why did I bring up the topic of the internet? Because there are many websites that track your activities, and you know, you are in class 9th now. When you come to class 11th, what is this activity called? What is this activity called? It is a very interesting topic, a very good word, which we call digital footprint. What do we call it? Digital footprint. You will not find this anywhere in this entire chapter. This is chapter number, I think, 6 or 7, but it is in class 11th and 12th. You will come to class 11th, 12th, and you will definitely find this word. Digital footprint. Whatever we do on the internet, we leave our mark behind. You work on browsers, you work on browsers. Whatever you search for, you searched youtube.com, you searched www.mr.bin.com. All these things, all the activities you do on a web browser, are saved in the browser's history. Isn't it? Tell me, tell me. Okay. Yes, yes, it happens. Any doubts? Good evening Mickey. Good evening. Any doubts, anyone? Okay. Tell me. Okay. Urvi, welcome to the class. Urvi, welcome to the class. Urvi. Okay. After this session, there is a session for 10th grade, which is a very highly interactive session. This is our complete chapter revision, so I am not interacting with you much in this. But in that particular session, only interaction will happen. So, after this session, you must attend that session, and until then, share this session with all your friends, family, cousins, classmates. And keep sharing this session too. Okay. Clear? Come on. Okay. Come on. Hello Sach. Welcome to the class. Hello HP 87. Deepu, my name is Shubha Kaushik. Let's go. Many ways websites track you. Websites also track you in many ways. Whatever you do is saved in your web browser's history. It is not just saved in the web browser's history. Whatever you search for on the web browser, the web server that hosts your request also stores every piece of information searched by you. You delete the history in the web browser, right? If you open any website on your systems that you think no one else should see, what do you do? You go to your browser's history and delete it from there. You do that, but let me tell you something. The web browser's history. See, the data you searched is stored in the web browser's history, plus the web server through which your request is being accessed, is being hosted, your every searched data, every action you take, is tracked by websites. What do they do? They track. And because they track, because they track, how do they track? How do they do it? Your information is stored on the web server. The history of the web browser from which you sent the request is stored. How does it happen? Many websites track your data using your device's IP address. Your device is connected to the internet, and any device, whether it's a desktop, laptop, or smartphone, if it's active on the internet, it has an IP address. Just like in your class, what is your identity? In your class, whether you are in 9th, 10th, 11th, or 12th grade, what is your identity in your class? It is your roll number, isn't it? Isn't it? Your roll number. Can it be the roll number of any other student in your entire class? No, it cannot. Similarly, every device that is active on the internet is assigned an IP address, and that IP address is automatically assigned to it on the internet. So, many websites track every activity happening on your device using your device's IP address. This is one way for websites to track the data searched by you. Okay. It can also provide your search and browsing history, etc., which may be used by third parties like advertisers or criminals. Meaning, if you have thought that you opened your web browser and visited any such website. See, the World Wide Web is a very big thing. It is a very big thing. The World Wide Web is the largest database on this earth. Yes, the largest database on this earth. Not every website on it will be genuine. There are also websites that you visit just like that, open them just like that, without knowing when they might track your actions. You must have seen many such websites where this comes, this comes. "This website wants to send you notifications. Allow or Block." "This website wants to know your location. Allow or Block." Do not allow every website your location. First, see which website you are allowing your location to. There are also many such websites that will give you this message. You allow it, and then what can it do? That website can gain access to your system with the help of your location. Clear? So, my, it can also provide your search and browsing history, etc., which may be used. And this information that comes out through these websites, many advertising companies use this information, and they will call you repeatedly. Many different calls come. "Hi, I am calling from so-and-so." "Hi, I am calling from so-and-so. You visited our website. Are you interested in this?" "Okay, I am calling from here." Or there are many criminals, many such criminals who can use the data you provided or the data you searched for in a wrong way against you. Let's go. Tracking is generally used by advertising networks. This entire process of websites tracking your data through your system's IP address, you visiting different websites, your data being automatically stored on those websites, and that stored data being accessed by many advertising companies, even criminals. This entire process is called tracking. What is it called? Tracking. Tracking is generally used by advertising networks to build up details for pinpoint ad targeting, even tracking down users for special purposes such as affecting their political choices. Meaning, okay, there is no need to get confused. You use youtube.com. You searched "Magnet Brains". You searched. What kind of data did you search for? You searched for an educational channel. Okay, you did. And what else did you do? If you haven't done it yet, I'm saying again, subscribe to the official channel of Magnet Brains. Okay. If you are a subscriber of Magnet Brains, then as soon as you searched for "Magnet Brains", you watched the video you wanted to watch. Then after watching that video, you went back to the homepage. You see it happening. You must be thinking, "I searched for it then, I typed 'Magnet Brains', I wanted to watch a video by Shubha Mam, so I searched for it. Now, when I come back to the homepage, why am I seeing different videos from the same channel?" So, what is happening? Tracking of the data you searched. Now do you understand what tracking is? Now, it is clear. There is absolutely no need to get confused by seeing all this. Tracking is this: every website tracks the data you searched. It tries to understand what kind of data you are interested in seeing. Because you typed "Magnet Brains", you watched one of its videos, so it is possible that you are also interested in watching other videos from the same channel. Clear? So, this is what we call tracking. And any website can do this tracking in two ways: by tracking your IP address, your system's IP address, or through third parties. Or what can happen is that your browser history can be saved. This can also be done with the help of cookies. Clear? Let's move forward. IP address. Now, how does a website track your IP address and how can it track the data or information searched by you using your IP address? Let's find out. An IP address is a unique address of your device. An IP address is a unique address of your device. Why is it a unique address? What did I tell you? Your roll number in your class. Your roll number. Can it be the roll number of anyone else in your entire class? This is true, isn't it? Tell me quickly. Okay. The roll number you have in your class, can it be someone else's? Yes. Internet Protocol. Very good. Very good. I cannot tell your name because either your name is written in Chinese, or it is Korean. I think this is Chinese, right? Whoever said Internet Protocol, good evening, good evening. Akash Shukla, good evening. SSK Crazy, welcome again. Yes, unique, provided by ISP. The one who is answering, unique, provided by ISP. Can you please tell me, tell us your name? I cannot understand your name because your name is not written in Hindi, nor in English. Okay. Okay. Okay. Good evening, good evening. Hello Samay. Okay. Okay. So, let's talk about IP address. What is an IP address? An IP address is a unique address. Just like you have a unique roll number in your class, similarly, in the vast world of the internet, your system's IP address will also be a unique address. What will it be? It will also be a unique address. Meaning, on this entire internet, every device is given a unique address. Okay. And that is called the IP address of that device. Internet Protocol Address. Absolutely correct. Absolutely correct. The answer they gave was Internet Protocol. Very good. Very good. Internet Protocol Address. Very good. What is the Internet Protocol Address used for? What is it used for? It is a unique address of your device when you connect your device to the internet. Okay. Your computer shares your IP address with other network devices in your house or office. What does your computer do? The IP address that your computer has received on the internet, your computer shares that IP address with other connected devices. Now, those devices can be in your house or in some other office. Meaning, if your system is on the internet and there is another system, then you can share your system's IP address with any other device connected to the same internet. This is valid. Clear? Okay. From your IP address, a website can determine your rough geographical location. So, what happens from this? See, what did I say? I said this big internet. This big internet. I am sitting in India. This is my system, which is in India. Okay. And there is some other person whose system is in the USA. Okay. Another person whose system is in the USA. Okay. Now, what did I say? We are both in one world. Which world? The world of the internet. And brother, I am here, so you are also here. So, we are brothers on the internet. Okay. Brothers. So, what did we do? I shared the IP address of my device with him. I shared the IP address of my device with him. And I took his device's IP address. Okay. And why does this happen? When does this happen that one system's IP address can be taken by another system or shared? When we try to share some data from our device. Whenever we try to share some information or data to some other device on the internet, the IP address of our device is also sent along with the data. This happens. Along with the data sent from our system, the IP address of our device also travels with the data being sent from our device. So, ultimately, the receiver end will get the data, and it will also get the IP address of the device from which it came. In such a situation, what happens is that this device, using the IP address of my device, can track my geographical location in this entire world. If it wants to do something wrong with me, by tracking my device's IP address, it can track my device's location, that I am from India. Is it clear? Is it clear? Okay. Let's move forward. Let's move forward. We have talked about IP address. Cookies and tracking scripts. Now, IP address is not the only way to track a user's data. We can track a user's data using cookies and tracking scripts. See, you might be saying, you might be thinking, "Mam, if tracking can be done with IP address, if tracking can be done with your cookies, with tracking scripts, then now, if we are on the internet, we have to share data. Why did we come to the internet if we didn't want to share data?" Now, if it is possible that someone can find out my geographical location by taking my IP address, then why did we come to the internet? We have to come to the internet. If you don't come, how will work get done? See, what happens in this? IP address, because we have completed it, so I am telling you this. Keep this particular thing in mind: whoever you are sharing any data with, any information you are sharing with anyone, your receiver should be reliable. Clear? Your receiver should be reliable. Meaning, you should know that my data, my information is going into the right hands. If it goes into the wrong hands...
A company that is not actually that company but is becoming that company and is asking you for some information. You gave your personal information on the internet, so it went to them. Plus, the IP address of the device you are using to share that information also went. Now it went there, and they are very technical people because they are fraudsters, so they will be very technical too. They will know everything about hacking. They got your personal information, plus they also tracked your geographical location. So, in the virtual world, they can blackmail you. Plus, after tracking your geographical location, they can also come to your physical home and trouble you. Therefore, to avoid this, if your data can be tracked through the IP address, then to avoid this, you should know whether the receiver to whom you are sending the data is reliable or not. Clear? Let's move on to cookies and tracking scripts. Now, how is our data tracked with the help of cookies and tracking scripts? Let's find out. Cookies: These are the small pieces of information that websites store in your browser. These websites, different websites, store some small pieces of information in your browser. The browser from which you search for anything. You searched for any website, like google.map. These cookies are used a lot. They have plenty of legitimacy; they are not considered wrong. Cookies are good things. When you open any website in your web browser, many websites analyze many settings of your browser. And whatever settings they are analyzing of the web browser, they store them in your web browser in the form of small information packets, in the form of cookies. What happens because of this is that the next time the same website opens again in your browser, you don't have to make those settings again. The setting will already be pre-defined, and your website will load very easily. That's why having cookies is not wrong; it has a lot of legitimacy. A cookie remembers your login information. Once you have logged in to any website, after logging in, what happens? Sometimes they ask you if you want to save this information. You will say save or no later. You enter the user ID, enter the password, click on login, and as soon as you click login, a message appears in front of you asking if you want to save this entire login information. What is this? These are cookies. If you clicked on save, then this information is saved. Now, if you open the same login page again and start entering the user ID in the login window, it appears just below your login text box, asking if you are talking about this ID and this password. You have already saved it. Just enter it; you don't need to write it separately again. The entire saved user ID and password will be saved in your user ID field and password field. Click on login, and your account opens again without you having to write anything. Clear? Clear? So, cookies are by far a very good thing. But if you open some website on your web browser that can harm you, then this website can also misuse the good cookies stored in your browser. For example, a banking website where there was information about your bank account, information about IFSC, its login information was stored in your web browser as a cookie. Understand, a very fraudulent website you opened in the same web browser. Now, what did that website do? And you allowed it. What did that website do? It accessed the cookie stored in your browser, which contained your banking information. What happened because of this? Your login ID and password reached that website even without you providing them. Understood? So, such fraudulent websites can also access your cookies. Therefore, you need to avoid such fraudulent websites. Do not open every website on your web browser. Okay? Let's move on. When you change a setting on a website, a cookie stores that setting so that it can persist across page loads and sessions. Example: You change the zoom percentage of your web page. You increased the zoom percentage of your web page. Your web page was appearing like this on the web browser, and you zoomed in further. You changed this setting. This setting will reflect on all open web pages. The setting you changed for one web page will now by default be stored on every web page you open in your browser. Why? That setting, meaning the zoom you set to 75, will now apply not just to this web page but to every web page that opens in your browser. Because this zoom percentage has been stored in your web browser like a cookie, and who did this? The website of this web page, the web page you were zooming in and out of, stored this thing in your system, in your browser, which is automatically applied to every web page. This is what is written: You can change the zoom percentage of your web page, then this setting will reflect on all open web pages because this was stored in a cookie. Because this thing, this zoom thing, is now stored in your cookie. Cookies can also store identification. They can also keep track of the data you search and surf on the internet. Clear? Clear? Shall we move on? Cookies can be... Now, we have further divided cookies into two categories: First, cookies, first-party cookies, and third-party cookies. So, let's see what the first one is. First-party cookies. Now, if someone asks you, if someone asks you what a cookie is, then say it's a small piece of information. Anyone can ask, say it's a small piece of information. Information stored by... stored by whom? Stored by browsers? No, stored by websites. Websites store small pieces of information. Where do they store them? Websites store small pieces of information in the browser. The work of storing small pieces of information, small information packets, inside the browser is done by websites, and these small information packets are called your cookies. Cookies can be of two types. How many types of cookies can there be? Two types. Which ones? The first will be your first-party cookie. Which cookie? The first will be your first-party, and then there will be your third-party. So, now we are going to look at first-party cookies. What is a first-party cookie? Come. These are the cookies that store your login ID, passwords, auto-fill information, etc. Such cookies that store all these things for you on different websites are your first-party cookies. Meaning, those websites that you visit very frequently. For example, if you have an account on www.amazon.com, then this website will store the login ID information, password information, auto-fill information for this account in your browser. The amazon.com website will store all this information through those small information packets or through them in your browser. So that if you visit that website again, you don't have to enter the login ID completely again, you don't have to enter the password completely. Just type the first letter of the user ID, it will appear below, press enter, click on login, and start working. So, with this, now comes our third-party cookies. If first-party cookies are this, then what will be third-party cookies? Let's see. These are the cookies that websites store to know about your search history. Third-party cookies are cookies that websites use. Such cookies that are stored in your browsers, and websites can use these cookies to know about your search history, what you search for on this web browser besides us, right? Any website will say, "I don't think you only visit my website. Let's see which other websites you visit." So, what will the website do? You have opened that website in your browser. What did it do? It analyzed the cookie stored in your browser, which contains search history. See, cookies that websites store to know about your search history and web browsing history so as to place advertisements as per your interests. What do websites do? All commercial websites, like Amazon, Flipkart, fashion-related websites. If you buy more products, if you buy more makeup, if I talk about girls, if you buy more makeup from Nykaa, Myntra, or anywhere, then what will these websites do? They will look at your search history. They will understand, "Oh, you are interested in makeup." So, whenever you search on Google, advertisements related to makeup will start appearing. These are all ways to attract customers. You opened the web browser to search for something else, but you saw your favorite product in the advertisement. So, we came to the web browser to do something else and started looking at something else. Clear? Third-party cookies can result in many unwanted advertisements on your web pages. Absolutely correct. Now, something I don't even want to look at, but these websites did. I might have opened them on my web browser sometime in the past. So, they analyzed our search history and our web browsing history. By creating a cookie, they analyzed my search history. They understood that I am interested in this and this product. Related advertisements will keep coming to me. I don't even want to see them. So, this is clear. So, this is how our data is tracked, and we don't even know. Meaning, we don't even know, and the website we are opening, we think this website is very good, there is no problem with it, and we are opening it, we are trusting it, and when this website internally runs its programs and starts troubling us by tracking our data, we don't even know. Clear? So, different websites can track our data in this way. In how many ways? In two ways. First, by tracing our device's IP address, and with the help of this IP address, it also tracks our geographical location, meaning where I am sitting on this earth in India with my system. This is also tracked using my device's IP address. And second, by making use of cookies and tracking sites. Clear? Let's talk about HTTP Referer. Notice one thing. Notice one thing. What is this HTTP? This is HTTP. You don't see HTTPS, right? You won't see HTTPS either. Ask why? Because it is Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol. A protocol that takes any data requested by your web browser to the web server in an encrypted form. So, even if any third party tries to steal your data in between, tries to track your data to harm you, to irritate you, they won't be able to. Why? Because we send our data to the web server with the help of Secure Hypertext Transfer Protocol, not HTTP. You won't be able to track. What will you pick up from the middle? What will you pick up? Suppose there is a company, and it said, "Let's see what they search for on their web browser." It saw, "Oh, this is incomprehensible because it is in encoded form. They won't understand what you searched for." So, what you see here is HTTP Referer, not HTTPS. Did you notice this? Did you notice this? So, now that we have noticed, let's see what HTTP Referer is. When you click a link, your browser loads the web page linked to it and tells the website where you came from. Correct. Click on any link. You click on any of your links. It opens directly in your web browser. You click on any link, and the web page, the website associated with that particular link, will open in your web browser. And it tells the website where you came from. Meaning, it also tells the website where you clicked that link from. Okay? For example, if you click the link for an outside website on a web page. For example, if you click the link shown, then the linked website will open, and internally, information about you such as your IP address, location, your web browser, machine type, etc., will also be provided to the linked website. The HTTP referrer. Understand this? Understand this? The math is simple: you sometimes go to any website and write "download this movie." Many websites open. Many say, "Go to this website, click this link, and you will get this movie in 720p." I know, I know everything. 720p, 1080p, right? 480p. In which particular pixel do you want to download your movie? You fall for this bait. You click on any website. Now, after clicking, what do you do? On many websites, on many websites, to be completely honest, when I was your age, or even 4-5 years ago, I also did this. Why should I lie? Why should I blame you entirely? I also made this mistake. What I used to do was, if I needed any movie, and I couldn't find it. "Download here." You see something like this, and there's also an arrow. Right? Tell me quickly, yes or no? Okay, Krishna Mohan Sharma says, "Ma'am, super cookie is a data file containing information about users' browsing behaviors, history, and preferences." Absolutely correct. Absolutely correct. This super cookie contains all this information. So, even if you delete it again and again, it appears. So, understand this much: Super cookies, like ever cookies, store cookie data in multiple places. What does it do? You will think that your super cookie is just one cookie file. No. You delete one copy of it. There are multiple copies of the super cookie. You only see one. And as soon as you delete that one copy, another copy of it jumps automatically. Clear? So, what does it do? It stores cookie data in multiple places. For example, in flash cookies, Silverlight storage, your browsing history, and HTML5 local storage, etc. All these are called your super cookies. But these super cookies, in some way, help you with your basic level programs, with the basic level work you do on the browser. They store all those things. That's why they have multiple copies. Okay? Even if you accidentally delete one copy, another copy of it is already present. Clear? Come. Any doubts? Hello everyone. Any doubts? Anyone? Any doubts? Anyone? When a website notices that you have deleted part of the super cookie, the information is repopulated from the other location. What does it do? As soon as the website sees that you have deleted a copy of the super cookie, it will automatically bring another copy of it to your browser. For example, you might clear your browser cookies and not your flash cookies. You have cleared all your browser cookies, deleted them, but not the flash cookies. So, the website will copy the value of the flash cookie to your browser cookies. What will it do? It will copy the data from the flash cookie to your browser cookie. Clear? But mostly, our super cookies do not harm us. User Agent. Now we are going to talk about the User Agent. What is a User Agent? Your browser also sends a User Agent every time you connect to a website. When you connect to a website, when you connect to any website, if you have opened any website in your browser, then your browser sends a User Agent to whom? To whom? To a website. You opened your browser, opened the web browser, opened google.com, bin.com, opened magnetbrains.com. It will send it. Why is this User Agent sent? And what does it tell? This tells websites your browser and operating system. This User Agent, you know, provides information to the website open in your browser about the name of this browser and which operating system is installed in the system on which this browser is running. Meaning, you can open websites anywhere. You can open websites on a mobile phone. You can open websites on a laptop. Brother, googlegroups.com. It will tell you that you are open on this browser, and this browser is working on this operating system. Meaning, the basic details provided to a website are from the User Agent. Provides another piece of data that can be stored and used to target ads. Now, you saw one thing here. You saw one thing here. No matter what website you open, no matter what website you open, your User Agent takes information about your device, information about your browser, and moreover, information about which device you are using and on which operating system you are running this browser to that website. So, which website to open and which not to open, pay a lot of attention to this. If you open the wrong website, your User Agent will reach there, saying, "This is our browser, and it's running on this operating system." So, if it's compromised here, then stop opening every website from today. Clear? Clear? All the above things leak your ID, information to the website, and it may be used against you. If you open the wrong website, your information is leaked. Your IP address has already reached. Your operating system has also reached. Your geographical location has also reached. And very soon, with the help of cookies, they will extract your internal information. Solution to this is Private Browsing. All these threats we saw today – cookies, IP address, super cookies, User Agent – all these things that were made for our benefit, when they can be used against us, we don't know. And when can we minimize this? When we know which websites to visit on our browsers and which websites to avoid. Never let such websites open on your browser that can shake your entire system. So, whether it's User Agent, super cookie, first-party cookie, or anything else, if you reach a website that harms you through these, then the solution to all of this is that if such a website opens, then open that website only in private browsing or anonymous browsing, which we call Incognito Mode. What do we call it? We call it Incognito Mode. And brother, what is this, and how does it save all our information? How does it prevent our information from leaking to risky websites with the help of User Agent and cookies? We will cover this in our next upcoming session. See you again. Yes, see you again next Sunday. Next Sunday, we will meet for Part 2 of this one-shot revision. Yes, the chapter is not yet complete. In the next session, we will complete private browsing and anonymous browsing. We have read a lot about threats, now we need to read about the way to avoid them. So, as you leave, keep looking at mb.com. mb.com has brought many exciting courses for all of you: CBSE English Medium, Spoken English, CTET, NTSE, Olympiad, CBSE Hindi Medium also. Brother, what more do you need? CBSE Hindi Medium, UP Board, Bihar Board, MP Board. And yes, e-books and e-notes are also available. So, tell me quickly in the comment section how you liked this session. The beginning of the Cyber Safety chapter has truly begun. We will revise the entire chapter here. And don't go away, I am coming again with Part 1 of the most important questions for Class 10th Computer Applications on Cascading Style Sheets. See you very soon. Stay tuned.