CUET English 2026 | Complete English Grammar in One Shot | CUET 2026 Preparation

Hello everyone, welcome to Language Adda, a part of Careers Adda. Once, all the students watching the session, please let me know in the comment section by writing. Is my voice reaching all of you? Am I audible and visible to everybody or not? Is my voice coming? Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Good morning. Please tell me in the comment section by answering once. Is my voice reaching all of you? Am I audible and visible to everybody or not? See, you all had asked me, "Ma'am, please provide us with a complete one-shot of grammar." So, just for you and only for you, I have brought a session in which I am going to cover approximately 100 rules for you. Uh, which are CUET oriented, which can come in your exams, which you can find in your exams. So, make sure that you have definitely watched these 100 rules. See, if you watch small, small, small, small shorts of 120 rules of English grammar, it will take too much time. Right? So, it's better that you complete everything in one session. So, tell me quickly in the comment section by answering, are all of you excited for today's session? Are you all energetic, enthusiastic, vigorous, full of soul, full of relating, and super duper awesome, ready? And make sure, beta, that your vocabulary series also happens here, so you must have definitely followed this channel. Following is very important. If you haven't followed, then you will face problems, right? So, make sure you definitely follow it. And the second thing, which is the most important, besides this, which you need to follow, is the Careers Adda app. On the Careers Adda app, you will get a lot of free of cost, a lot of free of cost content. So, if you want to give quizzes, you want to give Pratigya mock, you want to give topic-wise mock, go and give your mock. Do as much practice as you can because your exams are near. Right? Your exams are coming. And the better you give your exam, the more you will improve. Low voice. Wait for a second. I will improve it. One second. Sir, the voice is low. Yes. The voice is low. Please check. Yes, the mic, the mic, the mic. Two students are saying it, and I can't touch it here. Yes, I am getting it done, getting it done, getting it done, getting it done, getting it done. Fixing it. Vocabulary A to Z. All those children who are worried about vocabulary, make sure you definitely watch the A to Z vocabulary session. It is very important. Okay? If you haven't started anything, then definitely read this session. One child is saying, "Ma'am, I am monotonous, lethargic, languid." You have to bring all the energy before coming to my class. If there is no energy, then there is no point in being in my class. Okay? We are fixing it, sir. Fixing the voice. Once it's fixed, give me a thumbs up, then we will start the session. We will cover it a bit quickly. There are 100 rules, and after that, I will also give you 100 questions. We will understand it in a very basic sense. We will understand all 100 rules in a basic sense. This does not mean that questions related to it cannot be tough. Then I will bring a practice session for you in which we will do all the tough questions based on these rules. Okay? Are you understanding? Yes, yes, I am getting it done. Getting it done. Fixing it. Wait, wait, wait, wait. They are still saying it's a low voice. Is the voice coming? Did it get louder? Now what? Let me check on my phone. Just one second. Provide. So, just for you and only for you, I have brought a session for you. Are the questions related to this correct? The voice is correct. Then I will bring a session for you. Okay, thank you so much, sir. Okay, ready now? Is the voice okay now? We can start the session now. Ready. How many hours is the session? See, maximum, maximum, we will try to do it in 2 hours. But it might be that if it gets a bit longer, it can go up to 2 to 3 hours. Not more than one. It's fine, my dear. So, everyone is getting a good voice. Okay. Perfect. Give a thumbs up once, everyone, that it's correct, ma'am. The voice is absolutely correct. We are energetic. Give a red heart once, that yes, ma'am, we can start. And remember, if your vocabulary is weak, then watch the A to Z vocabulary sessions. Right? There is also a playlist for A to Z vocabulary, and I have just started sessions. Tomorrow, I will sit with Rohit sir and get all the sessions added. So, those who haven't seen it, definitely watch it. Okay? If you haven't started anything, read this. We have a problem. Watch A to Z. No, A to Z is the best. Watch A to Z, and watch live. Shall we start now? We will connect doubts at the end, right? So, we will take doubts at the end. We will take a break in between, so we will take doubts. Are you ready now? Tell me quickly with fire emojis, heart emojis, that yes, ma'am, we are all ready. We are super awesome, ready. And we will study each rule thoroughly. I will teach you from the very basics. I will explain each rule with the help of small questions. And each question is important for you. Ready? Ready, my dear children? Duration 2 hours. It might go up to 3 hours, but 2 hours maximum. Okay. So, now we move towards the first rule. We have also connected MCQs here. I have kept an MCQ after every rule so that it gets absorbed quickly in your mind. Okay? Please keep liking and sharing the session so that more students connect. There are many such children, beta, who cannot afford paid batches. Specifically for them, how they can score better in less time, I have brought this session for them. So, make sure that they can definitely watch this session. That will only happen if you like and share the session. Okay? So, what is the first statement written here? Rule number one. Okay? Rule number one says, "Use 'a' before a consonant sound and 'an' before a vowel sound." This is such a basic rule. A child's rule, a small child's question. And I believe everyone knows it. Right? So, what you do is, you put 'a' before consonant and 'an' before vowel. But consonant and vowel do not matter. What matters is consonant sound and vowel sound. Now, listen to this too, what it is. See, you have read the alphabetical series, right? How many total letters are there in it? 26. If I ask you how many vowels are there, you will say, "Ma'am, five." I asked how many consonants are there? You will say, "Ma'am, 21." So, which are the five? Count with me in the comment section. Which are the five vowels? A, E, I, O, and U. A, E, I, O, and U. Okay? There are five. But if you think, let's put 'an' before words starting only with A, E, I, O, U. It doesn't happen like that. You know Hindi? You know Hindi? If you don't know Hindi, no problem. Just learn a little. Your entire alphabet in Hindi, from 'a' to 'ah', the sound-producing elements. From 'ka' to 'gya', the consonants play a very big role. So, if any word, when you are reading it, is producing a sound like 'a', 'i', 'u', then you will put 'an' with it. This is called a vowel sound. Are you understanding? Then from 'ka', 'kha', 'ga' to 'gya', 'gyani'. If a related sound is coming, then you will put 'a' with it. This is called a consonant sound. So, a consonant sound is nothing but the sound of a consonant. What is it? The sound of a consonant. Okay. The sound of a consonant. Are you understanding? So, notice, if I have written a word here. I said, "Avar." What did I write? "Hour." See? "Hour." So, you read this "hour" as starting with 'a'. See? You don't read it as "h-our." The sound doesn't come from 'h'. So, this is a vowel. And what do we call the sound of a vowel? Not vowel, vowel sound. Are you understanding? So, what will you put before it? Getting my point? Next, if I wrote "University." "University." Now, see, 'U' is written. 'U'. 'U' is a vowel, right? But how do you read it? You don't read it as "U-niversity." You read it as "Y-university." "University." You read it like that, right? So, here, the sound of 'y' is coming. Now, because the sound of this 'y' is coming. Whose sound is coming? The sound of 'y'. So, 'y' is a consonant. And when we talk about consonants, a consonant never makes a vowel sound. What does it make? Consonant sound. Consonant sound. And because it makes a consonant sound, what will we put? Are you understanding? So, let's do a quick question. Tell me quickly. I have written examples here. "She is a university student." "A university student." "He waited for an hour." Is everyone seeing this? Now, quickly answer this question. "He is ____." What will you read this as? "Honest man" or "Honest man"? Tell me quickly. "Honest man." What will you put? 'a', 'an', 'the', or 'no article'? Quickly. And also remember, any singular countable noun in the world, if it is one, which you can count, and if it is a noun, a noun, then you always put 'a' and 'an' with it. You never put 'the'. 'The' gives certainty, right? You won't do this either, that you won't put an article. Like I cannot say, "I have marker in my hand." I will say, "I have a marker in my hand." "I have a ring in my hand." "I have a clutch in my hand." Getting my point? So, make sure that whenever you read a singular countable noun, always put 'a' or 'an' with it. Like "man" is singular, countable, and a noun, right? And "honest" is coming. A vowel sound is coming, so what will we put? Okay, tell me what you will put in front of this. "She bought ____ umbrella." "Umbrella." Right? "Umbrella." Now, 'u' is a vowel, right? And it's making the sound of 'a'. "Umbrella." Now, if you are reading "umbrella," is it a vowel sound or a consonant sound? And what will you put? Tell me quickly. "Umbrella" is a singular countable noun also. Yes. Tell me quickly. You won't put these. Tell me what you will put between these two. Vocabulary, what? A to Z. See, beta, be very sorted now. Just as ma'am keeps you sorted, be absolutely sorted. Watch the A to Z vocabulary. When I say, when I finish the A to Z vocabulary, I will tell you what to watch. For now, watch A to Z thoroughly. Give half an hour daily. I will break it. 'A', 'i', 'u', 'e', 'ai', 'o', 'au', 'ah', 'a', 'i', 'u', 'e', 'ai', 'o', 'au', 'ah'. What sound is this? Vowel sound. Vowel sound. What is called a vowel sound? Vowel or consonant? You are beaten badly. Umbrella, 'a', world. Okay, tell me this quickly. Tell me this, then I will move to the next rule. We had to cover it quickly. Yes, 'an' will come. You are putting 'a'. Don't do childish things. B for BMW. Are you gifting me a BMW? Ma'am, I have a lot of money, but I am very poor. See, you start "cat" with 'c', right? "Cat" is a consonant sound, so you will put 'a'. But look at this, "European." 'E' is a vowel. 'E' is a vowel, right? But see, you are starting it with 'Y'. "European." 'Y' is a consonant sound, and a consonant is always a consonant. And what do you put before a consonant? 'An'? Beta, you have to remember this. Is this clear to everyone? Once, tell me in the comment section by writing, "Yes, ma'am, it's clear." "Yes, ma'am, palpable." Write "palpable" or write "populous." Write these two words. It means "clear." Ma'am, palpable. We can move to the next words. Next rule. Yes, yes, yes. All rules will start from the basics, right? Haven't read anything yet? Yes, of course, you can read. You can do this. Okay. "A European." No, "an European" will be. Did I write it wrong? "A European." Okay. Coming from 'y'. 'Y' is a consonant sound. Okay. Let's move to the next one. Rule number two. It says, "The for specific or known things." Anything about which you are sure, what will you put before it? 'The'. For example, let's say, what should I say? Like I said, I am wearing a zipper. And this zipper is from my jacket. And this zip is attached to this jacket. So, I am saying, "The zip of my jacket." Or I said, "The handle of the door." Or I said, "The boy," right? "Who I know." That boy whom I know is my brother. Right? So, 'the' is always for specific things, sure things. Now, look at this. It says, "Close the door." You know which door you are talking about. It's the door of your house. So, you are sure about this. Right? Next, "I met the teacher you mentioned." The teacher whom you mentioned, brother, I met that teacher. Are you understanding? So, about this teacher, you are sure. So, whenever you are absolutely sure about something, specific about it, what do you put there? 'The'? Like look at this. "Sun is only one." "The planets like Mars, Jupiter, Saturn," right? "Earth." These are all what? They are all unique. Right? And we are sure about them. Which is Mars? Which is Jupiter? Which is Saturn? Right? So, when we are sure about it, what will we put? Tell me quickly. 'a', 'an', 'the', or 'no article'? 'The'. Are you understanding? Okay, I said, "I know a man." "I know ____ man." Right? I know a man. Now, I wrote, "____ man who works in Chamba is my uncle." "Is my uncle." You tell me, in which one will 'a' and 'an' be put, and in which one will 'the' be put? I know a man. Which man, what kind of man, where did that man come from, I don't know. It's just a man whom I know, I am telling this. Then I said, that man who works in Chamba is my uncle. Right? So, about this man, I am sure. But about the first man, we are not sure. So, where you are not sure, you will put 'a' and 'an'. And where you are sure, what will you put? 'The'. So, tell me quickly, what will come in the first one? And what will come in the second one? How big can we make the sentence, beta? Using basic rules, tell me quickly. See, see, see, see, this session is very important. Which series? The A to Z series. Watch the A to Z vocabulary series, beta. It is very important. Okay. "Man" starts with 'm', a consonant sound. So, we put "a man." Here, what will come? 'The'. Why? Because you are sure about this man. Which man is this? The one who works in Chamba. Say it's clear. Are you understanding? Write once. "Yes, ma'am, palpable." "Yes, ma'am, populous." Come here. It says, "I saw ____ movie you recommended." The movie you recommended, brother, I know, I have seen it. I have watched that movie. So, again, you are sure about this movie because it is the movie that was recommended. What will you put? Tell me quickly. Quick. Manoj uncle. Please like the session quickly, beta, so that more students connect. Okay? I will do it now. After 10, 10 rules are finished, you can ask your doubts. Okay? Let's do this a bit quickly. What should I put here? Tell me. Is this clear? Let's move to the next one. It says, Rule number three. "No article with general plural nouns." Generally, you do not put an article with plural nouns, and you also do not put an article with uncountable nouns. Countable and uncountable nouns, I believe you all know. Countable nouns are those that you can count on your fingers. Uncountable nouns are those that you cannot count on your fingers. Right? Like I said, water. You cannot count this on your fingers, so it is uncountable. But I said, marker. It is countable because you can count it on your fingers. There is one. If there are four, you will say, "1, 2, 3, 4 markers." Okay? So, it says, plural countable nouns. Those countable nouns that are plural. Right? Meaning, there are more of them, you cannot put 'a' and 'an' with them. Right? You generally don't use an article at all. Unless and until you are sure. And you also do not use 'a' and 'an' with uncountable nouns. Right? Right? Like, for example, you have a sentence here: "Dogs are loyal animals." Right? So, if you think of putting 'a' and 'an' with "dogs," it will be wrong. "Books are useful." Right? Now, books are useful. You are stating this. If you think of putting 'a' and 'an' in front of it, it will be wrong. You can put "some" here. You can put "many." But putting 'a' makes no sense. Similarly, come here. It says, "Boys are playing." Now, it is not mentioned which boys, what kind of boys, where are the boys from. Right? So, you are not sure about it. Plus, because it is a plural countable noun. Right? So, what will you put with it? Not 'a', not 'an'. What will you put? But if I said, "The boys who are playing in the garden are very naughty." Those boys who are playing. Where are they playing? They are playing in the garden. They are very naughty. So, I am sure about those boys. So, until you are sure, you should not put 'the' either. And generally, we do not use articles 'a' and 'an' with plural countable nouns. Come here. It says, "Apples are good for health." Which apples? What kind of apples? Where are the apples from? Apples are plural. Will you put 'a' and 'an'? No. Are you sure? You won't put 'the' either. What will you put? Are you understanding? So, generally, you never put an article with plural nouns. I hope this is clear. Yes, ma'am. Is this clear to everybody? Everyone is clear? Never put 'a' and 'an', right?

As I said, she has dresses. She has many dresses. You will never use "a dresses." If "dresses" is plural and countable, okay. Let's move to the next rule, Rule Number Four. It's very important, son. Important rules are starting from here. Look here. It says, "Each" and "Every" take a singular verb. If "each" or "every" ever appears in a sentence. These "each" and "every" always indicate individuality. What do they indicate? Individuality. What do they indicate? Individuality. What do they indicate? Individuality. Right? Now, since they indicate individuality, they will always remain individual. For example, tell me, what will come here? Tell me, what will you put here? "Each girl" or "each girls"? Tell me quickly. "Every girl" or "every girls"? First, let's talk about the noun because both of these are individual. Individual, right? Both of these are individual. So, because they are individual, what kind of noun do they always take? The one immediately next to them, singular. Are you understanding? Along with this, they also take a singular verb. Tell me, what will you put? Which of these is the singular verb? Every girl is happy. In today's world, that's a huge lie. "Each girl are happy." "Every girl are happy," or "Each girl is happy." "Every girl is happy." Tell me, what will you put? Quick. If you want to remember how to form singular and plural verbs, remember that the verb that has 's' or 'es' in it is singular. And the verb that does not have 's' or 'es' is plural. I think you people know this. Between "do" and "does," which is singular? "Does." Because it has 's'. Between "has" and "have," which is singular? "Has." Because it has 's'. Between "was" and "were," which is singular? "Was." Because it has 's'. Between "is" and "are," which is singular? "Is." Because it has 's'. Tell me the answer in the comment section quickly. Between "dance" and "dances," which is singular? The one with 's' or 'es'. Think quickly and tell me. And I believe this will be clear to you. Every girl is happy. "Is happy," not "are happy." Are you understanding? Even if you want to write about them, write this too: "Each" is for two or more, and "every" is for three or more. Meaning, they also have a lower limit. "Every" can never be used for two. Are you understanding? Between "dance" and "dances," which is singular? Tell me quickly. Piyush, answer the question, son. "Dances." Why "dances"? Because it has 's', right? Okay, tell me. Between "go" and "goes," which is singular? Between "go" and "goes," which is singular? Tell me quickly. Between "go" and "goes," which is singular? All the students watching the session here, son, make sure you subscribe to the channel because all your classes will run right here. Between "go" and "goes," which is singular? Tell me quickly, son. Tell me quickly. Is my voice coming late? Between "go" and "goes," which is singular? Singular is the one with 's' or 'es'. In which one is 's' or 'es'? In "go" or in "goes"? "Goes." Excellent. Are you understanding? So, that's what is written here. Look, "Each student has a book." We are using the verb with 's'. "Every child is happy." Are you seeing this? Come here. It says, "Each of the boys ____ present." Now, "each" is coming, right? And what does "each" indicate? Individuality. What kind of verb will you use? The one for "present." Quickly, put the verb for "present" and tell me. What? Which one is for "present"? The one with 's' or 'es'. Find it and tell me quickly. What will you put? "Each of the boys are." "Each of the boys is." "Each of the boys were." "Each of the boys have." Where did "go" come from? Dhaniya, Dhaniya, Dhaniya is your name. The singular verb comes with 's' and 'es', son. Tell me quickly what to put. 'Is'. Okay, my dear. Let's move on. Come here. It says, "Every player, every single player, ____ ready." Now, again, a singular verb will be used because "every" is coming. So, tell me quickly what you will put. Quick. That too, very quick, right? Then I'll give you a very interesting sentence. You tell me what will come. I said, "Each of the teachers." Right? "Want" or "wants." Right? "Increment." Every teacher wanted an increment. "Increase my salary, increase my salary," they were shouting. Here, I put "is." Tell me what you will put here. "Each" is coming, right? It will indicate individuality. It will indicate individual, so a singular verb will be used. A singular verb will be used, so what will come? "Want" or "wants"? "Wants" or "want"? How is a singular verb formed? You know very well. You just learned it with your teacher. Tell me quickly what will come. Quickly, quick, quick, quick, quick. "Wants." Understood? Write "Yes, ma'am" once quickly. "Palpable," "Yes, ma'am," "perspicuous." If you want to use palpable, perspicuous words, write "limpid." Limpid means clear, right? How is a singular verb formed with "want"? With 's' and 'es' or without 's' and 'es'? A student is writing, "Ma'am, increase Rubika ma'am's salary." Where, you people? Even if you gift me MW, the people at Adda won't increase the salary. Come on, come on. "Wants." Increment. Remember, right? Don't give the wrong answer. Okay, now this is clear. Let's move on to the next one. Let's see. Rule Number Five. It says, look, you see these words: "did," "did," "did," "did," "did." Even "did," why learn? Learn all of them. "Do," "does," and "did." Have you heard these words? I believe you have. When you form questions in normal sentences, "Do you like it?" "Do you want it?" Right? Do you say that or not? "Do you know this?" So, "Do I," "does I," "did I?" They themselves indicate present and past. They themselves indicate singular and plural. "Did" indicates I am past. So, it says whenever "do," "does," "did" comes, you always use the base form of the verb with it. Base form of the verb means without 's' or 'es'. Meaning, if I ask, between "go" and "goes," what is the base form? Without 's' or 'es'. "Go." Between "want" and "wants," what is the base form? "Want." Between "love" and "loves," what is the base form? "Love." Between "hate" and "hates," what is the base form? "Hate." Okay, tell me, between "like" and "likes," what is the base form? Tell me in the comment section quickly. Also, between "work" and "works," what is the base form? Tell me in the comment section. Let's go for the example. It says, "I did not go there." Base form of the verb. It has already given five. I have seen most people. Even when I go to some seminars, and whenever I hear people, they speak, whenever they say something, they always say, "They didn't knew this." What is that? "Did" has already indicated its past. There is no need to use "knew" with it. What will you use? "Know." "They didn't know this." "They didn't like it." "They didn't say it." Not "said it." "Like it." "Knew it." Right? Look here. "Did she complete the work?" Not "completed it." Right? Tell me quickly. Here, what will you put? "Work" is the base form. "Like" is the base form. Very good. Tell me here. This sentence can also be made confusing by making it longer. Now I will tell you how to make the sentence longer. For now, tell me. "He did not ____ the answer." So, here you have already indicated the past with "did." You will use the base form of the verb. Which one will it be? "Knew," "no," "knowing"? Quick, quickly. If there was a package of 1 crore, I would teach for only one year. Then I would leave, I would go to Rishikesh, to that, what do you call it? The ashram in the Himalayas for meditation, like, now I need peace. For crores. Okay. Come on, yes, very good. Okay, I believe this is clear. Okay? Let's move on. Next, it says, "Did you ____ him?" Did you meet me? It has already indicated the past. You will use the first form of the verb, so what will come, son? Quickly, quickly, you will be beaten. Sharba, after "do," "does," "did," we use the first form of the verb. Where will the PDF be found? The PDF will be on my Telegram channel. I will show you now. Yes, it has come. Very good. We will put "meet." Okay? I hope this is clear. Now, look, how do they make it complicated? Just look at the sentence once. I said, "He never said this, but he did understood." What was wrong with it? Now, look, it's such a big sentence, and it's asking you to find the error. Which part will have the error? I have divided it. I have given it part A. Then I brought it up to here. I gave it part B. I brought it up to here. I gave it part C. Then after that, I brought it up to here. I gave it part D. You tell me, in which part, A, B, C, or D, is there an error? Which part consists of an error? Intentionally, to make the question tough, they make the sentence difficult. They make the sentence complicated. And when you have a complicated sentence, you think, "I don't know English at all." And if you don't know English, you can't find the error. So, knowing the basics is very, very important, son. Otherwise, you won't be able to answer the questions. Tell me quickly what will come. Let me see who answers first. I am going to write the answer. You already gave the answer. "Understood" is the past form, and with "do," "does," "did," you always use the first form of the verb. So, write it, son. "Understand." So, in which part will the error be? C. Bro, C. Say, clear, clear? C. Yes, ma'am. Conspicuous. Understood? So, "understood" is only if I am talking about a normal past sentence, not coming with "do," "does," "did." Like, okay, "I understood." I understood it. Right? "Understood." And if I understand, then "I understand." Right? Next. Okay, let's come to this rule. We missed this rule. Look at this. The third form of the verb, do you know it? It's called the perfect form. What is it called? Perfect form. The perfect form is always the third form of the verb. For example, if I say to you people, between "do," "did," and "done," what is the third form of the verb? You will say "done." Between "go" and "gone," what is the third form of the verb? "Gone." Similarly, I said, "talk," "talked," "talked." What is the third form of the verb? You will say, "Ma'am, talked." I said, okay, tell me, between "grow," "grows," "grow," "grew," and "grown," what is the third form of the verb? Right? Between "know," "knew," and "known," what is the third form of the verb? Between "meet," "met," "met," what is the third form of the verb? You will tell me. I won't tell. Tell me the third form of the verb quickly. Yes, really, tell me quickly. Between "grow," "grew," "grown," what is the third form of the verb? First, you should know how to identify the third form of the verb. At least you should write the forms of 20 verbs in your notebook. If you can do it, do it today. Yes, "grown." Very nice. Between "know," "knew," and "known," what is the third form of the verb? "Known." Between "meet," "met," and "met," what is the third form of the verb? "Met." Between "show," "showed," and "shown," what is the third form of the verb? "Show," "showed," and "shone." What is the third form of the verb? What am I saying? Okay, between "let," "lot," "leten," what is the third form of the verb? Between "let," "lot," "leten," what is the third form of the verb? Between "put," "put," "puten," what is the third form of the verb? "Showed" is not the third form. "Showed" is the second form. "Shown" is the third form of the verb. "Shown." "Showed" is the second form. Between "let," "lot," "leten," what is the third form of the verb? "Let." I am asking. Between "let," "lot," "leten," what is the third form of the verb? Between "put," "put," "puten," what is the third form of the verb? Look, a student is writing, "let." I knew you people would do this. I knew you people do a lot of mischief. There is no "leten" or "weten." It's "let," "let," "let." It's "put," "put," "put." It's "cut," "cut," "cut." It's "shut," "shut," "shut." Some forms of verbs are such that all three forms are the same. Read it. Otherwise, you will be beaten. This is your homework, right? You have to write some verbs whose three forms are the same. Write 10 from these where the second form and third form of the verb are the same. There are some verbs whose second form and third form are the same, but the first form is different. Write 10 words on this. There are some whose first form, second form, and third form of the verb are all different. So, you have to write 10 words on this too. If you write 30, it will be more than sufficient. So, "let," "let," "let," "cut," "cut," "cut," "shut," "shut," "shut," "put," "put," "put," right? "Broadcast," "broadcast," "broadcast." This will come in this category. "Grow," "grew," "grown." "Known," "knew," "known." "Show," "showed," "shown." This will come in this category where all three forms are different. Right? Between which are the first and second forms of the verb different? Look, like "walk," "walked," "walked." "Walked" comes the same. The second and third forms of the verb are the same. "Start," "started," "started." Right? Or "slow," "slowed," "slowed." Are you understanding? Or I wrote, anything like that. "Dance," "danced," "danced." So, how are the second and third forms of the verb? The same. So, make sure you do it. You will do it, right? Let me make an adverb. You should know this, son. If you don't know the forms of the verb, then you are still a child. You haven't grown up. Even in 12th grade, your heart is still a child. Are you understanding? So, you always have to use the third form of the verb after "has," "have," "had." So, until you know the third form of the verb, if you write "leten" or "put in," what will the examiner do? Give you negative marks, right? Yes. Obviously, I did it intentionally just to know how much knowledge our students have. You are pretending to be smart, right? Sometimes it feels like I am God. But always, look, it is very necessary to be smart, but it is also necessary not to be oversmart. You should know at least. Right? Okay, now this is clear, right? "Has," "have," "had." Whenever they come, they will bring the third form of the verb. It says, "I will not come without the third form of the verb." So, look at this. "She has finished her work." "She had gone home." Right? Come here. It says, "He has ____ the letter." "Write," "wrote," "written." Tell me, which is the third form of the verb? "Writing"? No, Modi. Okay, okay, okay. Dhaniya chutney, how did it turn out? Son, answer quickly. No useless talk. "Wrote" is the second form of the verb, or is it "written"? You will be beaten. I wish I was teaching offline, I would have held your ears. I would have done that. "Written" is the third form of the verb, son. This is the first form of the verb, this is the second form of the verb, this is the third form of the verb. That's why I am saying that you should know the forms of your verbs. Tomorrow, when I meet you, I will check. Understood? Come on, let's move on. Here. Okay, let me tell you one thing, son. For those whose English is very weak, an individual English batch is available on the portal. If you want an English batch, you can go ahead with this. For ₹99, you will get this complete English batch for ₹99, class recordings, class DPPs, class notes, which are very important from an exam point of view, and mocks, plus a vocabulary book. All this will come to your home. You can study everything. So, improve your preparation, son. English will be the game changer. Tell me this. It says, "They had ____ the man." "Win," "won," "winning," "wins." Which is the third form of the verb? Quick. What is Modi doing? This is possible. Tell me the answer quickly. Quickly, quick. Once you understand, son, these questions will be done very quickly. Meaning, you can tick even with your eyes closed. Okay? Come on, tell me, which is the third form of the verb? "One." "Mon." "Won." "When." "One." "Mon." "Run." "Run." "Run." The third form of the verb is B. I hope this is clear. Next, let's move on. Rule Number Seven. It says, model verbs. Now, what are model verbs? I told you. I gave a statement for this. Model verbs are those verbs that have attitude. If you have seen my Manzil series, or if you have studied with me in the paid batch, you will know very well how many models there are. For that, I had taught you a dialogue to remember. Tell me the dialogue quickly. Quick. "Tu ____ ____ dekh." So, how much to see? "Tu ____ ____ dekh." How much to see? After the 10th rule, I will listen, son. "Two." Yes, very nice. Whose? Ayush. "Tu tera dekh, main mera dekh loongi." So, models have attitude. They always take a verb with them, and they say, "I am a total of how many?" Thirteen. So, remember, "Tu tera dekh, main mera dekh loongi." Now, which ones are "tera"? "Can," "could," "shall," "should," "may," "might," "will," "would." That's eight. Now listen. "Need to," "ought to," "used to," "dare to." These "to" ones, and there is "must." Right? So, these are model auxiliaries, and after all these model auxiliaries, you will always use the first form of the verb, which is also called the base form of the verb, the one without 's' or 'es'. Now, I believe you won't have a problem with the base form. "Cut," "cut," "cut." The base form is "cut." Right? Between "work," "works," what is the first form of the verb? "Work." Between "love" and "loves," what is the first form of the verb? "Love." Between "hate" and "hates," what is the first form of the verb? "Hate." Right? Between "write" and "writes," what is the first form of the verb? "Writes." So, look at this. It says, "She can swim." We won't use "swims," we won't use "swimming." "You must study." We won't use "studied," we won't use "studying." Why? Because a model auxiliary is coming. Look at this. "He can ____ fast." So, if I have to write the base form of the verb here, what will I write? Tell me quickly. She can run fast. While you are telling this, I am writing "Tu tera dekh." Right? Remember in "Tu tera dekh." How many model auxiliaries are there in total? Thirteen. Right? Which ones are they? Write like this. "Can's" past is "could." This should be written in your notebook. "Shall's" past is "should." Right? "Will's" past is "would." "May's" past is "might." Right? And "need to," "ought to," "used to," "dare to." Their uses also come in your exam. And all these are "must." That makes a total of thirteen. What will come here? "Run." I hope this is clear, son. Oh, son, tell me what will come here. It says, "You should ____ hard." "You should studied hard," "study hard," "studying hard," "studies hard." Tell me. Which is the first form of the verb? The base form of the verb? Quickly. What is the first form of the verb? Yes, and write that down when you get the PDF. I will tell you where you will get the PDF. Very good. The answer will be "study." I believe this is clear. Next, let's move on. Rule Number.

"It is coming, saying, look, the difference between 'since' and 'for'. Write this down, it's a very, very, very, very important rule, this difference between 'since' and 'for'. What is the difference between 'since' and 'for'? 'Since' is for a point of time, and 'for' is for a period of time. You must have studied 'since' and 'for'. 'Since' says, I will come for a point of time. And 'for' says, I will come for a period of time. For a period of time. I am sorry, I will come for a period of time. So, what is the difference between 'since' and 'for'? Look, if you said, 'I have been studying since Sunday.' 'Since Sunday.' 'I have been studying since January.' 'Since January.' 'I have been studying since 2 o'clock.' 'Since 2 o'clock.' 'I have been studying since morning.' Part of the day, I have been studying since morning. 'Since morning.' I said, 'I have been studying since old age,' or 'I have been studying since youth,' or 'I have been studying since childhood.' Phases of life. So what will I put? 'Since childhood,' 'since adulthood,' 'since old age.' So it's a specific time. You are sure about it. Right? What do you use with something you are not sure about? 'For' a period of time. It says, 'I have been studying for 2 hours.' Okay, which 2 hours? Don't know. 'I have been studying for hours.' Which hours? Don't know. I said, 'I have been studying for years.' 'I have been studying for months.' Right? Yes. I said, 'I have been studying for weeks.' 'I have been studying for weeks.' Right? I said, 'Listen.' 'I have been studying for decades.' 'I have been studying for centuries.' It says, 'Which century, brother? Which century are you talking about? I don't know.' So 'for' is for a period of time, and 'since' is for a point of time. Now look, there is a question written here: 'She has lived here since 2020.' She is sure. But if she had said, 'I have been living here for years,' you would use 'for.' Look at this question also, it's an example. It says, 'He has worked here for 5 years.' Which 5 years? Only God knows. It could be any five years. From 2000 to 2005, from 2005 to 2010, it could be any five years. It totally depends. Now look at this. This is the question for you. It says, 'He has been ill _____ Monday.' He has been ill since Monday, brother. He has been ill since Monday. For Monday, since Monday, from Monday, by Monday. What will you use? Tell me quickly. This is a very good question. See how they complicate it? You will enjoy it more when you read it. You will find it more interesting. That, 'Oh, can such questions be made?' Yes, they can be made. First, tell me the answer for now. 'He has been ill _____ Monday.' Obviously, 'since Monday.' Now look at this. 'She started _____ two hours.' Which two hours? 1 to 3, 3 to 5, 5 to 7? Tell me, right? So what will you use? All of 'since' or 'for' 2 hours? Again, 'for' 2 hours. Okay, okay. Let's go. I am giving you one question related to this only. Look, and remember, this always gives the sense of 'since.' Look, here's an interesting question asked to you: '_____ time immemorial, _____ immemorial, people are searching for pearls beneath the sea.' It says, 'Since time immemorial, people have been searching for pearls in the sea.' Now, tell me, what will you use here? 'Since.' This is an interesting question. Such questions can be made in your exams. Look, 'time immemorial.' 'Immemorial' means something that is not remembered. So, if we are talking about a time that is not remembered, we assume it's from the beginning of the world. We assume the start of the world. So, there must be a specific time for the beginning of the world, so you are sure. Therefore, you use 'since.' So, whenever the word 'time immemorial' comes, use 'since.' Three. Yes. So, you know three. Okay, at least you know that much. It gets a fever of three degrees. Positive, comparative, and superlative degrees. For example, I wrote 'good.' Second, I wrote 'better.' Third, I wrote 'best.' So, if I ask you, tell me which one is the comparative degree among these? You will say, 'Ma'am, better.' 'Beautiful,' 'more beautiful,' 'most beautiful.' Tell me, which is the comparative degree? 'Beautiful,' 'more beautiful,' 'most beautiful.' Which is the comparative degree among these? Tell me quickly. 'Beautiful,' 'more beautiful,' 'most beautiful.' 'Strong,' 'stronger,' 'strongest.' Choose the comparative degree. You should have an idea of the comparative degree. The one with 'er' in it, the one with 'er' in it, and the one with 'more' in it, that is the comparative degree. Remember. We are currently studying a rule related to the comparative degree. 'Great,' 'greater,' 'greatest.' 'High,' 'higher,' 'highest.' 'Interesting,' 'more interesting,' 'most interesting.' Which is the comparative degree? 'Smarter,' 'greater,' 'higher,' 'more beautiful,' 'more interesting.' Why? Because it has 'er.' Because it has 'more.' Yes. Yes. So, remember, we are talking about the comparative degree. It says, whenever the comparative degree comes, my dear, you will use 'than' for comparison. 'You are better than my uncle.' Right? 'You are smarter than Sheila.' Right? 'Sheila is more intelligent than Munni.' Right? So, you are writing 'than, than, than, than' with every word. So, that's what it's writing here. 'She is taller than me.' 'This book is better than that.' Right? You are writing these statements, aren't you? Come to the MCQs. Look here. It says, 'Smart _____ his brother.' So, with 'smart,' it's a comparative degree, right? Now, this is a confusion for many students; they write 'then' (T-H-E-N). There is a difference between 'then' and 'than.' Right? This 'than' (T-H-A-N) is used for comparison, and this 'then' (T-H-E-N) means 'at that time.' When will you meet? When you say 'then,' I won't be there. So, 'then' means 'at that time.' Right? So, 'He is smarter than his brother.' So, the answer will be... nothing is coming, and nothing is coming. This is what's coming. Look, 'The road is wider _____ that.' What will you use? 'He is stronger _____ the current.' Just put 'than' (T-H-A-N). I hope this is clear. Yes, ma'am, it's clear. Remember this difference too, dear. You get very confused between 'than' and 'then.' Right? For example, if I write a sentence: 'I will meet you then.' When will you meet? 'Then.' Tell me, what will come here? Quickly. Second: 'Two hours _____ we met _____ Chandni.' Tell me, which one contains T-H-E-N, and which one contains T-H-A-N? The first one and the second one? Then we'll move on. Study with a relaxed mind. Until you empty your mind, until you are at peace, nothing will go in. So, I try to... Nimish, you've been beaten. What will come here? T-H-E-N. A girl messaged me on Instagram and sent me chicken videos. I'll block her. Don't do this, dear. It's bad. Your trust... what if you bring it to the felicitation? Is this clear? 'Than' and 'then.' I hope there is no doubt about this, dear. It's important. Mark this as important. Write 'important' here. Okay? Let's move to Rule Number 10. Have you heard of 'too'? 'Too' means very. Actually, 'too' has multiple meanings. One 'too' means 'also.' Right? Like, if someone says, 'I love you.' You say, 'I love you too.' Actually, this is a wrong statement. 'I love you too.' Right? Meaning, there are 10-15 others. So, if a girl knows proper English, you'll get four slaps. So, it's better to say, 'I love you too.' Meaning, I also love you. My intention is also to love you. Right? So, one meaning of 'too' is 'also,' which you call 'also.' But 'too' is also used in the sense of 'very.' T-O-O 'too.' But when it's used in the sense of 'very,' it is accompanied by a word 'to' (T-O) to complete it. And this makes the sentence negative. 'He is too weak to work.' Mom. He has become very weak. He cannot walk. Right? 'You are too cute to bear.' You are so cute that I cannot bear it. I cannot tolerate so much cuteness. Look, 'He is too tired to walk.' 'The box is too heavy to lift.' You are indicating negativity. Brother, it's so heavy that I cannot lift it. He is so tired that he cannot walk. Now look at this. 'That is _____ hot to drink.' Remember, whenever there is a sense of 'very' and you have this pair of 'too' in the sense of 'very,' make sure what will come here? 'Too' (T-O-O), the big one. Okay? So, tell me, what will come here? Quickly. The logical pair of 'too' is 'to.' 'Very' doesn't come with anything. If you want to finish it cheaply, you finish it cheaply and say, 'The tea is very hot.' Don't put 'too.' Right? 'Thank you so much' is an incomplete statement. 'Thank you very much' is a complete statement. If you say, 'Thank you so much,' if someone knows proper English, they will say, 'Here, here, here, here, tell me how much thanks.' So, you will say, 'Your thanks are so much that I cannot express them in words.' 'Thank you so much that I cannot explain in words.' Or 'I cannot do in words.' So, the logical pair of 'so' is 'that.' If you want to finish it cheaply, use 'very' for 'very.' And what is the logical pair of 'too'? 'Too.' The same condition will apply here. Look, 'too' is coming. What will you put? Clear? Okay, tell me quickly. If you understood all 10 rules well, say 'Yes, ma'am.' 'Yes, ma'am, pappa-able.' 'Yes, ma'am, post-pocus.' Okay, do you use these in other classes? 'Post-pocus,' 'limpid.' I think you use 'long-lasting.' When I go to colleges and attend seminars, students say, 'Ma'am, I still remember the word list. I use it in debates.' 'Ma'am, you are too bear.' The word 'bear' has a different meaning. Speak English, but the correct one, otherwise everything gets mixed up. Once, make a red art and tell me that I understood the 10 rules well, perfectly, healthy, fit, solid. I will give you homework questions for this. Make sure you have put in the effort. Okay? All the students connected to the session, dear, if you are watching this video for the first time, make sure you have subscribed to the channel. Okay? Order today. Do the questions at the back of the 'Vocabulary World' book, dear, first. Okay, let's move on. Ready for the next one? Are you ready to play 'Khatron Ke Khiladi' and read Rule Number 11? Let's move to the next one. Amazing. I just hope you are studying well and are in a relaxed, chill mode. Right? You don't feel any burden. Let's come to the 11th. It says, 'A number of' versus 'The number of.' Write this down, dear. Very, very, very, very, very important. Right? Whatever I am marking as important, definitely study it. So, 'a number of' means a lot. 'The number of' also means a lot. So, I said, 'a number of teachers' means many teachers. You said, 'the number of teachers' means many teachers. Both are plural terms. If you understand, both of them are plural terms. What kind of terms are they? Plural. And the noun that comes with them, dear, is always plural. Whether you say 'a number of teachers' or 'the number of teachers.' But who plays? Who becomes the player? The verb. Right? Who becomes the player? The verb. It says, with 'a number of,' a plural verb comes. Now, I don't need to tell you what a plural verb is. If you add 's' and 'es' to make a singular verb, then for a plural verb, you remove 's' and 'es,' which is called the base verb. So, I said, 'go' and 'goes.' What is the plural verb? You will say, 'Ma'am, go,' because it doesn't have 's' and 'es.' I said, 'Okay, tell me, 'has' and 'have.' What is the plural verb?' You will say, 'Ma'am, have,' because it doesn't have 's' and 'es.' I said, 'Okay, tell me, 'work' and 'works.' What is the plural verb?' You will say, 'work,' because it doesn't have 's' and 'es.' I said, 'Okay, tell me, 'start' and 'starts.' What is the plural verb?' You will say, 'start,' because it doesn't have 's' and 'es.' The verb that does not have 's' and 'es' will be a plural verb. And the verb that has 's' and 'es' will be a singular verb. No one will tell you this, my dear. If they tell you, understand that you learned from Ma'am Bagga. You benefited. Okay. Next, it says, 'a number of students.' 'A number of students.' You see, with 'a number of,' the noun remains plural. But the verb also comes as plural. So, look, between 'is' and 'are,' what is plural? 'Are,' because it doesn't have 's' and 'es.' Look at this. 'The number of students.' 'The number of students.' With 'the number of,' the noun will come as plural. But the verb will come as... It's not just 'a' that's said. There's a difference of 1920 between 'a' and 'the.' 'The' shows specification, that you are talking about a specific group of people. Right? So, look at the question. Come here. It says, 'A number of players _____ injured.' Right? 'Number of players _____ injured.' So, you have to use a plural verb here. With 'a number of,' a plural verb comes, right, boss? Without 's' and 'es,' tell me what will come? 'Is,' 'are,' 'was,' or 'has.' Don't say anything. Say 'mumbo jumbo.' Right? You are coming to an English class, so learn something. You will find out that Ma'am Rubabka didn't teach you anything, so you will say, 'Ma'am Rubabka taught me nothing.' You won't say that. I went to attend the class for the first time. 'A number of players are.' Let's move to the next one. It says, 'The number of applicants.' Now, 'the number of applicants' means we are talking about a specific group of applicants. So, as soon as 'the number of' comes, the verb becomes singular. And if the verb is singular, it has 's' and 'es.' Right? Tell me quickly, what will come? 'Are,' 'were,' 'is,' or 'have.' It won't happen. You will get confused, right? If 'were' is given, the sentence will be in the past. The present or past of the sentence will be defined. Right? So, it never gives confusion. If it does, tick either of them. NTA has to get one right. If it doesn't, you can claim the answer key. How can that be? Right? If NTA, damn it, how did you get my answer wrong? My Bagga Ma'am taught me. Okay? Let's move on, dear. Is this clear to everyone? Write once, dear. 'Consp goals, ma'am.' Then we'll move on to the next question. Next one. It says, 'One of.' Whenever 'one of' comes, just like 'each' and 'every' take a singular verb, 'one of' also takes a singular verb. Right? Remember one thing, dear. With 'one,' if a noun comes directly, then your noun is singular. Okay? If 'one of the' is ever attached. 'Of the.' Right? So, this 'of the' shows your selection. And you know, you don't make a selection from one. You make a selection from many. So, 'one of the girls.' Here, the noun will come as... So, 'one girl,' but 'one of the girls.' But in both cases, your verb will be singular. Meaning, with 's' and 'es.' Understand? So, I said, 'one girl is' and 'one of the girls is.' One girl and one girl out of many girls is good. Is good. Understand what I'm saying? So, with 'one,' 'each,' 'every,' the verb is singular. Look at this. It says, 'of the' is attached. It shows selection, so the noun will be plural. But the verb with 'one' is singular. It says, 'one of my friends.' 'Of' is attached. It shows selection. 'Of' means the noun will be plural. But the verb will be singular. The one with 's' or 'es.' So, look at this. It says, 'One of the girls _____ selected.' What will you use? Tell me. Because of this 'one.' One out of many girls was selected. 'Are,' 'is,' 'was,' or 'have'? No problem. We will do it together. No tension. 10. That's the cleverness of NTA, right? NTA eats money. What can I say, dear? Everything is a business. This is rude, meaning NTA's.

The NTA should do it for free because it is the NTA's fault. But then again, they have to pay the teachers. Alright. One of the players was injured. One of the players. See, "one" is coming, so the verb will be singular. Do it quickly. What will come? Are, have, is, or verb. One of the players was injured. Very good. We will add 's'. Okay, I'm doing it a bit differently. I said, "One of the, okay? Employees look beautiful when she dresses herself." Tell me, what is the error here? The verb should be singular. This is part A. This is part B. This is part C. And this is part D. Tell me, which verb do you need to check? I haven't given 'is' and 'are' verbs. Just keep this in mind. Find the verb. One of the employees. You are talking about one employee out of many employees. How does she look? Beautiful. Right? So what is your verb? Beautiful. Check it. The verb should be singular with "one". Is the verb singular or not? Quickly. Yes. So which will be the answer? B. What will come instead of "look"? So you can get questions like this too. I hope this is clear, man. Right? Let's move to the next one. It says if a preposition is coming, use the ing form of the verb. Because after a preposition, a noun comes. And if a noun comes in the form of a verb, it always takes ing. So, right after the preposition, you always put a noun. But if it comes in the form of a verb, how will it come? Ing. What is the ing form of a verb? Okay? So read it a bit like this: the 'to' and 'to' preposition, TO and TO, use the first form of the verb. But the rest of the prepositions, the rest of the prepositions, what do they do? They use the ing form of the verb. This makes an infinitive with 'to' + V1. But other prepositions cannot make an infinitive. So they make the ing form of the verb, which is called our gerund. Right? At the end of the day, you will understand what you have put after the preposition. Now, do you understand? So, for example, I said, "She is fond of reading." "He is good at playing." You see, after 'of', the ing form of the verb. After 'at', the ing form of the verb. "He is interested in ______ music." Tell me, what will come? Learn, learn, learning, learn, or learns. Preposition. After a preposition, a noun always comes. And if a noun comes in the form of a verb, what will it be? Ing. Why? Because it will be a gerund. This is called a gerund. Ma'am, if they ask directly, how to identify? They will ask like this, dear. They won't ask directly. "Walking is good for health." "Exercising is also very good for health." "Smoking is dangerous to health." Right? Interested in learning. Okay, one more question. Look at this. It says, "She insisted on ______ there." Now, 'on' is a preposition, right? You need a verb after it. Going, gone, goes. What will you put? Tell me. "She insisted on ______ there." What will you put? Tell me. If you need more than enough revision, you can watch the 120 Rules of English Grammar class. For now, this is sufficient. Of course, it is clear, dear? Let's move to the next one. Rule number 14. There is 'much', and there is 'many'. 'Much' for uncountable nouns and uncountable nouns. 'Many' for countable nouns and uncountable nouns? Countable nouns. Right? So, countable, uncountable nouns, I believe you know them. Those you can count on your fingers are countable. Those you cannot count on your fingers are uncountable. For example, I said I have a lot of water. So I have much water. But if I said I have a lot of pens, markers, then what will I say? I have many markers. Many pens. Right? So look at this. "I have much money." Money is uncountable. You don't say one money, two money, three money, four money. You say ₹1, ₹2, ₹4, ₹3, ₹4. You say one paisa, 2 paisa, three paisa, four paisa. So "I have much money," but "I have many rupees." Look at this. "There are many books." You can count one book, two books, three books, four books. Look at this. It says, "How ______ water do you need?" How much water do you need? So water is uncountable. Tell me, what will you put? What will you put? Many, much, few, or several? You cannot count water. So what will you put quickly? Much. Look at this. It says, "There are ______ students in the class." What about students? Can you count students or not? Tell me quickly. Can you count students or not? You can count them. They are countable. Okay. So with countable, what will you put? Now, look at the question. What will come? "How much milk and eggs do you buy from the shop?" Can you tell me the error if I ask you to tell me the error in this part? Look here, they have done this here. They have done this part here. They have done this here. They have done this here. Tell me, in which part is the error? See, 'how much' for milk is correct. But can you write 'how much' for eggs? If not, in which part is the error? Tell me quickly. Is the error in A, B, C, or D? Tell me. What? Don't say that. 'How much' means how many, right? And 'much' means a lot. So how much milk did you bring and how many eggs did you bring? For how many eggs, you will have to put not just 'many', but 'how many'. How many eggs did you bring, man? How many people were there? So 'how many people'. Not 'how much people'. So the error will be in which part? B. What will you put there? How many eggs. Understand, dear? Do you understand or not? Questions like these will come in your exams. Consequently, let's go to Rule number 15. Look at these. Little, few, a little, a few. Little and few are negative. A little and a few are positive. It says I had almost no friends. I have few friends. I had almost no water. I have little water. But if I say, no, I have some friends. I have some water or a little water. So I have a little water. I have a few friends. Right? So 'a few' and 'a little' are positive. But 'few' and 'little' are negative. See, it is written here. Little, few means almost none. Negative. A little, a few means some. Positive. So look at this. "There is little hope." Negative sentence. "I have a few friends." I have some friends. Positive. Look here. It says, "He has ______ money. So he is worried." Now tell me, if he has a little money, will he be worried, or if he has no money at all, will he be worried? So tell me, what will you put? A little, little, few, or a few? What will you put here? Here, money is what? Also remember this. If you talk about 'little' and 'a little', they are uncountable. And if you talk about 'few' and 'a few', they are countable. Right? So check this too. Money is what? You can't say one money, two money, three money, right? Uncountable. So it is uncountable, so you will use words like 'little' for it. Either 'a little' will come, or 'little' will come. Why will it not come? Now tell me quickly. If I am worried, I am troubled. This is negativity. And if it is negativity, then what will I say? Oh, he has almost no money, or he has a little money. If he had a little money, he would be happy. But he has almost no money, so he is not happy. So tell me, what will you put? A little. Or little. Why are you putting 'few'? Where can you count money? Do you ask your mother for one money, two money, or ₹1, ₹2? Money is uncountable. What will you put? A little and little. 'Few' will not come. 'Few' is for countable. 'Few' is for countable. Right? Few friends, few people, few markers. Either, is this sentence negative? So what will we put here? I hope this is clear, dear. Let's cut this. Come here. It says, "I have ______ books to read." Now, these books are countable. I have some books to read. I haven't shown any negativity in this sentence. The sentence is positive. Tell me. For countable, what will I put? In a positive sentence, what will I put for countable? Tell me. You can ask for ₹1, ₹2. You can't ask for one money, two money. Similarly, you can't say one time, two time, three time. But you can say 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours. Right? 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes. So time is uncountable. But if you are saying seconds, minutes, and hours, they are countable. Yes. What will you put? It is clear, my dear? Shall we move on? 16. Right? There is a contradiction between 'too' and 'enough'. 'Too' means more than needed, and 'enough' means sufficient. Right? So 'too' gives you the sense of 'very'. But 'enough' gives the sense of limitation, like, this is it. You will get this much for this much money, something like that. For example, look: "He is too weak to work." He is very weak to walk. So you are indicating excessiveness. Right? Look here: "He is strong enough to lift it." He is sufficiently strong. He is very strong. I am not saying that. I am saying, okay. He is strong enough to do the work, to lift this box. Right? So where you show limitations, you will put 'enough'. And where you show excessiveness, what will you put? Not 'too'. Come here. It says, he is too old to travel. Alone. Is he sufficiently old, or very old? Now, you won't say like this, "He is limited old." "He is old limited to travel alone." What will you write? Tell me. If you have to write something here, 'too', 'enough', 'very'. Remove 'very'. Remove it. 'So' comes with 'that'. 'Very' doesn't have a logical pair. Choose from these. Too old. Next, look. It says, "The box is ______ heavy to carry." "The box is ______ heavy to carry." Now, this sentence is positive. You are saying the box is quite heavy to carry. Right? So what options do you have here? 'Very' is also there. Remove this. 'So' is also there. Remove this too. Put it here. The box is heavy to carry. The box is quite heavy to carry. What will you put here? Actually, you can also put 'too' there, but it will show excessiveness. Right? So if it showed excessiveness, it would say, "This box is too heavy to bear." It's unbearable. It's that heavy. Right? So a statement like that would be there, indicating that it cannot be borne. So we will prefer what here? I hope this is clear, dear. Let's move to the next one. Rule number 17. Either and neither. I love this. Either and neither are both for two. Always remember, 'either' and 'neither' always come for two. Right? We used to play this in childhood, right? "Who is the thief?" "Whose honor?" "Find the real thief from these two." So, only one of these two will be the thief. Whose honor? Both are not thieves, right? Okay. So to identify one out of two is 'either'. To not identify either out of two is 'neither'. So if you have to choose one out of these two, it's 'either'. If you have to choose none out of two, what will you put? 'Neither'. And both will be for two. So with these, you also use a singular verb. Remember, like 'each', 'every'. 'Each', 'every', 'one', and 'either', 'neither' all take singular verbs. So this will also take a singular verb. Look at this. "Either of the answers is correct." "Neither of the boys is present." Can you see this? Look at this. "Either of the roads." Tell me, what will you put? You are talking about one road out of two. Are safe, is safe, were safe, or have safe? "Neither of them ______ coming." None of them are coming. None are coming. You have to put a singular verb. Tell me, what will you put? You have to choose a singular verb in both. Make sure your verb is the one with 's'. Oh, the 'either/or' case is different. 'Either/or' is different. 'Either' is different. 'Either' is a pronoun, 'either/or' is a conjunction. Yes. In this too, it will be 'is'. In this too, it will be 'is'. I hope this is clear. Let's move to the next one. Rule number 18. Paired ones. These are conjunctions. That was a pronoun. What is the pair of 'not only'? 'But also'. Always remember, 'not only' and 'but also' will always pair up with each other. Right? And the verb that comes with it is the nearest one. Meaning, if the subject number two, which is the closest subject, is singular, then put a singular verb. If it is plural, then put a plural verb. For example, look: "Not only Ram but also his friends." So you will put the verb according to 'friends'. "Are coming." "Not only the teacher but also the student." Here, you will put the verb according to the student. What will come? 'Is'. So you see, we haven't followed any specific verb, we have followed according to subject number two. Understand? Look at this. It says, "Not only she but also her friends." Tell me, what will you put for 'friends'? Is, are, was, or has? You have to put the verb according to subject number two. If it is plural, write plural. If it is singular, write singular. If it is 'I', write 'I am' for present. For past, 'was'. "Not only the players but also the coach." Here you will put the verb according to the coach. Are, were, is, or have? Tell me, what will you put? "Not only she but also her friends are here." B. According to subject number two. Right? Here, according to the coach, the coach is singular, so the verb will also be singular. What will you put here? Now, do you know how they will make a tough question? Look here. Look. I said, "Not only, not only she but also her parents." "Want or wants her bright future." Not only she, but also her parents want her future to be bright. Now, find subject number two here. You will find it yourself. I won't. Right? There are two subjects here. Find subject number two. And according to that two, put your verb. If your subject, subject number two, is singular, then a singular verb, the one with 's'. If it is plural, then a plural verb, the one without 's'. So tell me, which one will you choose? Will you put 'want' or 'wants'? Quickly. Very nice. 'Is' and 'are' are done. Tell me about this. 'Wants'. Parents. Parents are plural. Plural verb will be used here. Plural verb will be used, so 's' will not be used. My dear, will you put 'wants'? Should I hit you? Parents. Parents are plural. What do you put with parents? Think like this: "My parents are happy" or "is happy"? You use the verb without 's'. "My parents are happy." Similarly, "My parents want" what? They want my future to be bright. So the preferred answer will be 'want'. I believe this is clear. Right? Let's move to the next one. Rule number 19. It says, when you use conditional sentences, like with 'if' and 'when', you don't use any future tense. What are the modal auxiliaries in the future? Will and shall. If you don't use 'will' and 'shall', you will be in the right. So it says, whenever you are in any sentence, and a conditional sentence is being formed, then in the sentence where the conditional words are coming, you don't use 'will' or 'shall'. For example, look: "If he comes, I will help you." I don't care about this. I need to see in which sentence 'if' is coming. We cannot use 'will' or 'shall' with 'if'. "When she arrives, we will start." So, with 'when', you see, 'will' and 'shall' are not coming. See, right? So, in whichever sentence your conditional word is coming, which you call the conditional clause. In the conditional clause, you don't use 'will' or 'shall'. You don't care about the main clause. You don't care about the main sentence. In the one where the conditional word is coming, you will not use 'will' or 'shall'. Understand? Look here, here is your question. It says, "If he ______ I will call you." Tell me, you don't have to use 'will' or 'shall'. What will you put? You won't send it to the future. Right? You won't send it to the future. So this won't come. What will you put? Put it in the present. This 'will' is for the present. So put the present one. Which one is present? Second. "When she ______ we will leave." 'Will' is a modal auxiliary for the present. So 'will' and 'shall' won't come. Will it be 'arrives', 'arrive', or 'arriving'? Tell me quickly. Very nice. So always remember, the structure with 'if' in the present always takes the verb of the present. Right? So we will put 'comes' here. And here we will put 'leave'. So remember with 'if' and 'when', you will never use 'will' or 'shall' in its clause, the conditional clause. Let's move to the next one. Rule number 20. Is it clear to everyone? Let's move on. It says, use 'who' for the subject and 'whom' for the object. Right? Like, basically, when 'who' comes, you use it for the one who does. And when 'whom' comes, you use it for the one who is done to, or whom. So 'who' is for the subject, and 'whom' is for the object. For example, look: "The boy who is playing is my brother." That boy who is playing is my brother. And if you want to notice, it's very easy to do. With 'who', meaning whatever relative pronoun it is, a verb comes after it. If you have a blank here and a verb is coming, then put 'who'. Look here: "The man ______ you met is a doctor." That man whom you met is a doctor. Right? So here, after 'whom', notice, a subject will always come. Understand? So, after any blank, if a verb is coming, and you have to choose between 'who' and 'whom', put 'who'. If after any blank, your subject is coming, then what will you put? 'Whom'. This is important. Look at this. I said, "That girl who is singing is my sister." Right? "That man whom you called is here." So tell me, what will you put? Here you are saying, "who is singing." Here you are saying, "whom you called." And if you want to notice, see, a verb is coming here, and a subject is coming here. Tell me, in which one will you put 'who'? In which one 'whom'? Glorious. Oh wow, very good. So here we will put 'who', and here we will put 'whom'. I believe it is clear, dear. Tell me quickly. Is Rule number 20 clear to you all? Make a red heart once, properly. It is very important, dear. And see, these are just some specific, major rules that you need to study, which are important from your exam point of view.

Yes. But if you want to read thoroughly, read well. Do all the important things from the exam point of view. And practice questions well. So you can be a part of the BEd batch. You must follow Language Adda. Remember this too. Yes, who and whom. Okay? Tell me quickly once. Is this clear? Look at this. This is very important, child. Definitely download the Career Adda app. You will get a lot for free on the Career Adda app. This Career Adda app, this one with the logo that says CUET. You will get a lot for free in this. You will get so many things for free. And if you go to the Language GT section, you will find this batch, Pratigya, only English. It shows 1299. If you use RN9, you will get the costing here reduced. Meaning you can use it here. If you apply R99 here, you will get it. You will get this in just ₹99. See? In this, you will be provided with complete English with DPP, with mocks, and with class notes. So if you want it, remember the code R99. Let's move to the next. Is everyone understanding well? Perfectly solid. No, the class is not over yet. There is still a lot of time. Okay, tell me, is everyone understanding well? Did everyone understand up to rule 20 well? Very best. I have tried to put MCQs after every rule so that the concept gets firmly embedded in your mind. When has the class been running? From 12:00 PM. The PDF of the lecture will be available here on the Telegram channel. Go to English with Vibhaka Mam, you will find it. Everyone should join this. English with Vibhaka Mam is your very important Telegram channel. We will also keep having timely TG meets on this. Okay, shall we move forward? Ready. Lens number is 75. One eye is 0.75. The other is 1.75. That's all. Break for the whole year. You want a break now. You won't get a break. Keep studying. Keep studying. Right? It should be like this. Let's go to the next. The next is 21 to 30. Right? Look at this. Always remember. What is the word that qualifies a noun? Adjective. If you see any word before a noun, understand that it is an adjective. Right? Like, she is a beautiful girl. See, this is a noun. What is placed before it to qualify the noun? Adjective. It is a big house. This is an adjective. If you find any word before a noun, my dear, it is an adjective. Look at this. He is a dash boy. Boy, intelligent, intelligent boy, boy intelligence, or intelligently boy. See, if you add LY to an adjective, it becomes an adverb. Right? If a word ends with 'ty', it becomes a noun. Right? And if you have to place a noun, do it after the adjective. Because an adjective is always placed to qualify the noun. So, if you have to choose between these two, which option will come? A and B. Tell me quickly. The little, the few are asked very rarely in your exams, but their meaning is that whatever little was there, or whatever was there, all of it was given. Like, I gave all the little tea I had in my house to the poor. Yes, the preferred answer will be. Look at this question also. Can I? She bought a dash dress. So, what would be your answer? See, you make a noun from words ending in NESS. Red and dress is not a thing. You tell me, if you have to choose between A and B, what will it be? I will give you one more question. That's very important. For now, tell me the answer to this. Yes, yes, you may drink water. Don't take the accounts class. Study English. Red dress, right? Okay, look at how the question will come. I said, he made a dash file. You tell me what will come here. Options B and D are presentation. The word with TION is a noun. Presentable. Third, I wrote presentably. And one I wrote present. I said he made a file that looked very good. So, file is a noun. And what do you need to qualify a noun? An adjective. So, tell me, what adjective will you use here? See, the word with TION is a noun. The word with ABLE is an adjective. The word with ABLY. If you add LY to an adjective, it becomes an adverb. And present is also a noun. And they also change meanings. If it becomes an adjective, it indicates presence. Okay? Tell me, what will you use? Or you might get slightly bigger words to write in this way for presentable. But the basic question will be this. Look at the next rule. It says double comparative degree. You know comparative degree, right? The one with ER. So, don't write like this now. More stronger, more taller, more higher, right? More greater. This is wrong. Similarly, double comparisons are never good. Double superlative degrees are also never good. What is superlative degree? The one with EST, the one with MOST. Right? So, I wrote, most highest, most greatest, most strongest. So, neither double comparative degree nor double superlative degree is good. This makes the condition superfluous. Or it makes any sentence superfluous. What is superfluous? Suppose there is a bucket. The water is filled up to here. If you add more, it will spill out, right? So, you say it's not needed. So, two comparative degrees and two superlative degrees are never used together in a sentence. Never. Like, you say she is better than him. Never say more better. This will be wrong. She is having the best book. Now, don't add most with best book. It will be wrong. We never use two comparative and two superlative degrees together. Look at this. Tell me, what will you use here? There is 'than' coming here for comparative degree. What will you use? More taller, taller, most tall, or tallest? For 'than', comparative degree is used, and two comparative degrees are not used together. So, which one will you use, tell me? You won't use superlative. Tell me, what will come between A and B? Thank you so much. Amazing. Your name itself is amazing. Okay, tell me quickly. Quick. Never comes with each other. Not with each other. Yes. We won't use more taller together. We will use what here? B. Let's move to the next. It says, this is the dash solution. The best solution. Here, you are not comparing. 'Than' is not used. So, you have to use the superlative degree term. Tell me, what will you use between A and C? So, remember, two comparative and two superlative degrees are not used together. So, what will you use? Tell me between A and C. This is the most best solution or best solution. Better and more better, you know why we removed them? Because there is no comparison here. 'Than' is not used here. We do comparison with 'than'. You can say an intelligent worksheet will be given. This class's PDF I will give with this sheet. Yes, best. Clear? Let's move to the next. Now look. The difference between very and too is also asked. It says, 'very' is a normal degree. 'Too' is an excessive degree. Right? 'Very' means a lot. And it is absolute in itself. Absolute means complete. Right? T double O 'too' shows excessiveness. It shows negativity. Right? Like, look at the example. She is very happy. You see, this sentence is complete. I didn't need to add 'too' after it. But look at this. I just learned with you. 'Too' comes with 'to'. Right? Like, if I have to add here, tell me what will you add? She is dash kind. So, too kind, very kind, enough kind, or so kind? 'So' comes with 'that'. Right? 'Enough' shows a limited, sufficient amount of kindness. To do something. So, the sentence should have continued. In this, tell me what will you use? It's a sentence which is absolute. Absolute, you call it complete. Tell me what will you use? She is too kind to handle. She is very kind. Of course, what will you use here? When the sentence is complete, absolute, what will you use? Very. Thank you very much. You are very beautiful. Right? You are very beautiful, and you are very weak. All these are complete in themselves. But look at this. 'Too' has come. So, you know 'too' won't be satisfied without 'to'. What will you add? So, wherever you don't see any further sentence written, and you have to use an absolute term, what will you use? Very. Look at the next. I told you 'so' comes with 'that'. So, 'that' has come with 'so'. He was so tired that he slept early. Right? This is a positive sentence. Not negative. Come here. She is so smart that she solved it quickly. She is so smart that she solved it quickly. So, tell me quickly, what will you use here? 'Too' is negative. Right? 'Too' is negative. 'So' is positive. It says, he was dash tired. Dash he slept. Now, you know if you use this statement, the verb comes just after 'too'. But here what is coming? Subject. With 'very', nothing comes in combination. With 'enough' also, you don't use anything in combination. The preferred answer will be: He was so tired that he slept. Tell me this quickly. Always remember. After 'so', if 'that' is coming, 'that' is a conjunction. And after a conjunction, you will always find a subject. Again, she is dash intelligent. Dash passed easily. She is so intelligent that she passed easily. Again, so that. I believe this is clear. Okay, I will give you three sentences. You have just read 'so', 'very', and 'too'. You know these three, right? Tell me quickly. He is dash beautiful dash handle. Tell me what will come here? So that will come. Will it be TO 'too' with 'to', or 'very'? Said, you are dash intelligent. What will come here? So that will come. Will it be T double O 'too' with 'to', or 'very'? I said, he is dash innocent dash trust easily. Tell me. You have to choose. In which one will 'very' come, in which one 'so', and in which one 'too'. Okay? Okay, tell me. You should know this. See, first of all, what was said? He is dash beautiful dash handle. Here, the first form of the verb is visible. You know that comes with 'too'. So, what will you put here? He is too beautiful to handle. He is too beautiful to handle. This gives an absolute sense. It gives an absolute sense. So, what will you use? No. My dear, he is very intelligent. He is very intelligent. Come here. He is dash innocent dash trust easily. He is so innocent that he trusts anyone easily. This is a subject. So, he is so innocent. You know that after the conjunction 'that', the subject begins. That he trusts. Tell me quickly, out of three, what was your score? Is it clear? You will be able to do all three differences if they come, right? Say, Yes, ma'am. Yes, ma'am. Oh wow. I like this. You are so quick. Lots of love. Okay, let's move forward. Let's go to the next. Now, this is done. Write it down once quickly. Ma'am, lucid, ma'am, not obscure. Meaning, not confused. Write quickly. Oh, you guys didn't even ask once if I should make tea for you. You've been teaching for so long. Should I make coffee for you? My poor ma'am must be hungry and thirsty, teaching us. Couldn't you ask? You should have asked. What's up, Baba? Let's read this now. This is very important, child. Elder versus older. One is a blood relation. Right? Like my brother. And one is a non-blood relation. Right? Meaning, my friends. My neighbors. So, it's not that you create blood relations by murdering someone. Come and say, ma'am, it's a blood relation. I did his blood with my own hands. Not like that. Elder means you are talking about blood relations. And older means you are talking about anyone older than you with whom you don't have a blood relation. So, elder is for family, and older is for general. For example, if I say, I hadn't come to Adda, this chair had already arrived. See this chair? It arrived at Adda before I did. So, this chair is older than me. Right? But my brother is elder. And you use 'to' with elder. Remember this too. You use 'to' with elder. And what do you use with older? A beating will happen. Don't send chicken. I won't eat chicken. I am pure vegetarian. Thank you so much. How nice you all are. Ugh, chicken. I don't eat chicken biryani. You guys really shouldn't eat it. When I was four years old, and I visited my grandmother's house, there was a road right in front. So, chickens were sold there. So, maybe some order came for a big function. So, he was cutting chickens and putting them in a drum with a thud, thud, thud. Oh, it was crying so much. I said, it's better to be vegetarian. So, you guys also shouldn't eat it. Be a human being. Look, he is my elder brother. Elder brother came here. Look, she is older. I haven't told you anything about who she is. I haven't told you what she is. Is she my brother, sister? I haven't told you. I just said she is older than me. So, maybe I am talking about a friend. Now, look, here it is talking about a sister. What will you use for sister? Tell me. We haven't talked about eldest and oldest. We are comparing. She is my elder sister. She is older than me. You need to use an adjective. Tell me, what will you use? Your favorite food. Anything. When I'm hungry, I eat anything, except non-veg. I love kulcha, gabbar. We will try to finish this by 3 PM. Okay? What will you use here, child? And, right? Let's move to the next. It says, she is dash than him. See? She is dash than him. It is written here. Now, I don't know who she is. Might be a friend. Might be a neighbor. Right? Might be anyone she met. You are using comparison. Comparative degree. What will you use? Old. I believe this is clear. Okay? Let's come to six. It says, adverbs modify verbs. Generally, you use adjectives to qualify nouns and pronouns. But what does an adverb qualify? An adverb qualifies verbs. Meaning, it qualifies everything except nouns and pronouns. Here, only verbs are mentioned. Make sure, if I say, he runs, you won't write, he runs quick. You will write, he runs quickly. Right? I said, she speaks. So, it won't be, she speaks softs. It will be, she speaks softly. So, you see, this verb. Who is qualifying the verb? Adverb. And how is an adverb generally formed? By adding LY to an adjective. Right? Like, look at the sentence. It says, she ran. Now, how did she run? She ran fast. You need to qualify the verb. And to qualify the verb, what do you need to take? Adverb. So, if you use an adverb, what will come? It should be. Look at what is written here. She sings. You will tell me this. This is a verb, right? What should I use to qualify the verb? Beautiful. Not beautiful, but beauty. And 'beautest'. Beauty is a noun. To beautify. Beautification. To beautify. Right? This is also, at least you can say that this is not an adjective. Tell me, what will come between these two? While you are answering me, let me tell you one small thing. See, verbs are also of two types. One type of verb is your action verb, like eating, sleeping, drinking, getting up, sitting, dancing, playing, jumping, crying. Right? And another type of verb is your verb of sensation. Do you understand sensation? It is made from your five sense organs. Eyes, nose, ear, skin, and tongue. Made from five sense organs. An action verb is doing any activity that doesn't end in 'n'. So, this was a very basic rule. Along with this, read its contradictory rule. It says, if the verb is an action verb, then an adverb qualifies it. Qualified by adverb. Right? But if the verb is a verb of sensation, then who qualifies it? Adjective. Do you understand what I'm saying? This is a very big thing I've written for you. Maybe you won't even realize it. Like, what I wrote: She looks beautiful. She looks. This is also a verb, but you are not qualifying the verb with an adverb, but with an adjective. Tell me, what will come here? She looks beautiful or beautifully? So, here I wrote, she sings. This is an action verb. She sings beautifully or beautiful. This is a verb of action. And this is a verb of sensation. Here's another one. I said, you walk slow or slowly. Come here. You the food. Now, please understand this, child. This is a verb of sensation. Wherever there is a verb of sensation, qualify it with an adjective. And wherever there is a verb of action, with what will you qualify it? With an adverb. Tell me, what will I use in the first one? She looks beautiful. See? But here, what will you use? She sings beautifully. You see? Now, write both of these in your copy. When you write this rule, also write its exceptional exception. Come here. You walk slowly. You walk slowly because it is a verb of action. But the food tasted. How is the taste of the food? Nice or nicely? Are you understanding? So, this is very important. Write it down. Very important. And along with this, write. I will give this together. So, here you will be able to do it. Here, it's singing. This is a verb of action. Right? A verb of action is always qualified by what? Adverb. A verb of action is qualified by an adverb. And a verb of sensation is qualified by what? By what, dear? Adjective. You don't add LY to an adjective. Right? You don't make an adjective by adding LY to an adjective. You make an adverb. Remember. Look at the next. It says, is this clear? Write it down once quickly. Yes, ma'am. Calpable. Then let's move forward. This was a very important rule. Absolutely do not skip it. You.

Cannot skip it. There is no pure "enough" for "enough". It can be used in any way. For example, "My brother is enough smart." Right? To do any work. So "to" is also used with it. You can put anything with "that". There isn't a specific pair that will come with "enough" as such. Look, it says avoid double negatives. Now, obviously, you know that two negative words do not come together. Right? For example, look at what is written here. "Don't know nothing." Right? So you know you cannot write "nothing" with "don't know". This is also a "not". This is also a "not". So what will you put instead of "not"? Any semi-negative term. It says, "She didn't say anything." "She didn't say nothing" would not be correct. Look at this. "I don't want ___ trouble." So, "I don't want nothing trouble." "Anything trouble." "No trouble." "Non trouble." Negative, right? You cannot repeat a negative with a negative, just like you cannot repeat two comparatives or two superlatives. You cannot repeat negatives either. "He didn't see..." See, it's negative, right? "Nothing." "Anything," right? Or "no one." "Nothing." Or "none." "Nothing." Now, it's basic. It will come here too, "be," and it will come here too, "be." Even if you want to write it in a slightly detailed version, you can write it like this. "No." "Not." These are your negative terms. So they neither go to extreme positivity nor extreme negativity. They take semi-words. They will not take "some" with them. "No." "Not." And they will not take "no." "No." "Not" again. What semi-words do they take with them? "Any." Remember, right? So, if, let's say, I wrote three sentences. I asked you, tell me which one is correct out of the three. "Which one is right?" I said, "I don't want something." This is written. Second, I wrote, "I don't want anything." Right? Third, I wrote, "I don't want nothing." Out of these, which statement is correct? And if you find that none of them are correct, then choose four. "None is correct." Okay? Tell me, which option will you choose? "Which one is right?" Tell me. Or "no" and "not" always take semi-negative terms, right? They take neither positive nor negative. Remember this. So now, write it down like this. This is the best. Right? Write this down too. This is important. Okay? Next. Okay, this is done. You've studied well. Now let's move on. Look at what is written in Rule Number 28. It's the word "hard" and "hardly." There is a difference between "hard" and "hardly." You must have heard the words "hard" and "hardly" many times. But what is the difference? "Hard" is a positive word. It means to work very hard, to toil diligently, or to define something greatly. "Hardly" is a negative term, which means "scarcely" or "barely." It purely gives negativity, "scarcely." Although, if you notice, both these words are adverbs, right? For example, let's say I said it's raining heavily. "It's raining." What will you write? "Hard" or "hardly"? Then I said it's raining scarcely. So, "It hardly rain" or "hard rain"? Look at this. "He works hard." He is working hard, positive. "He hardly works." Negative, he scarcely works. Okay? Look here. "She studies." She studies hard or she is studying a lot. You need to make this positive and this negative. She is studying a lot. What will you put here? Tell me. And here you are saying she scarcely ate anything. What will you put? Tell me? Just now, when I said it's raining heavily, what did you write? "It's raining hard." But if I said it's raining scarcely, then "It hardly rains." Right? When it rains heavily, there will be a downpour, torrential rain. But when it's raining very slowly, what will you say? Drizzling. It's drizzling. For now, tell me this. "She studies." It's a positive sentence, so "hard." Right? "He ___ eats anything." She scarcely eats anything. So what are you putting? Okay? I hope this is clear. Let's go to the ninth point first. Okay? Done. Alright. Let's move to the next. It says there is a word "so" and another word is "such." "So" is always used with adjectives, and "such" is always used with nouns. For example, "She is so beautiful." "It is such a nice day." So whenever "such" comes, you will definitely put a noun with it. It doesn't work without a noun, right? Okay, look at the question. It says, "It's too a good idea." Or "She is ___ kind." Tell me. In which one will you put "so" and in which one will you put "such"? "Such" for nouns. "Such" doesn't come without a noun. And after "so" comes an adjective. Tell me quickly. And right here, if you want to study, you can study another word. "Too much" and "much too." Right? This is also similar. So "too much" is for nouns. And "much too" is for adjectives. For now, answer this quickly. What will come? "It is such a good idea." "Idea" is coming, right? Noun. She is very kind. Right? What will you say? Similarly, there is "too much" and "much too." If you want, write it with this. Like this pair here. This can also come for "much too." "Much too." You can replace this. You can replace "such" with "too much." So, if, let's say, I wrote the sentence like this. Suppose the sentence is like this. My mother cooked ___ food for me. You tell me, what will you put? "Too much" or "much too"? "Food" is a noun. Look, second, "The food is ___ tasty." Now, if you look at "tasty," "tasty" is an adjective. Tell me, what will you put? "Too much" or "much too"? In which one will "too much" come? In which one will "much too" come? "Too much" for nouns and "much too" for adjectives. Tell me, first sentence and second sentence. Tell me the answer. "My mother cooked ___ food for me." My mother cooked so much food for me. And second, what am I saying? "The food is ___ tasty." The food was delicious. Very good. So what should I put here? "Too much." And what should I put here? "Much too." Okay? Let's move to the next. The next one says, look at Rule Number 30. It says, "Position of only matters." The position of "only" matters. Whichever it is placed with, it starts qualifying only that. For example, look, "Only he can solve this." So there will be many people, but who can solve the problem? Only "he." So here it is emphasizing "he." But look at this. "He only eats fruits." He only eats fruits. Right? So that means here you are talking about "nothing else." Right? You are talking about the thing. He only eats fruits. There will be many fruits, but what does he eat? Fruits. So, because of the replacement of "only," the meaning of the sentence changed. Look at this. It says, "Choose the correct sentence." "She only loves him." "Only she loves him." Or "Both are correct in different meanings." Or "None." What will you put? Tell me, which of these statements will you say is correct? "She only loves him." She only loves him. That means there will be many people, but among many people, she only loves him. Look here. "Only she loves him." Right? There are many people in the world, but she is the only girl who loves him. And here, he is loved only by her. So that means A is correct, B is correct, both are correct. Both are correct in different contexts. So the preferred answer will be? Okay, tell me. "Only I saw him." There were many people, but only I saw him. What does that mean? "I alone saw him" or "I saw only him"? I was the only person who saw him. Or did I not just see him? I saw only him, and no one else was visible. What is the sense of this? What does it mean? Here too. The next option. "I saw him only" or "None." What does it mean? If I say, "Only I saw him," then there was a crowd, but I was the only person. I was the only one who saw him. So will A come, B come, C come, or D come? Tell me. Yes. I was the only person who saw him. Everyone else couldn't see him, right? So what will be the answer? If it was written like this, "I only saw him." I only saw him. That means there was a lot of crowd, but only he was visible. So, "I saw only him." That means I could see only and only him. Okay? Because I couldn't see anyone else. I hope this is clear. Tell me quickly. Is this clear? Say yes. Then we move to the next. If you want to see more, you can see it for practice. Otherwise, this will be more than sufficient. Okay, ma'am? I looked at him so much, so much, so much that it cannot be looked at. Your eyes didn't get spoiled. Okay, is this clear to everyone? Tell me in the comment section. Is it clear? Now we will move a bit faster. Okay? Because now small rules are coming. You shouldn't get bored. Okay, to do the next question, we will read Rule Number 31. "Good at" means skill. That means "good" is always followed by "at," not "in." Look at this. "He is good at singing." "He is good at mathematics." Right? But with "bad," you use "in." So, for example, look here. "He is good at English." Right? Here you will put "He is good at dancing." So "good" is always followed by "at." "Interested" is always followed by "in." So "She is interested in music." Right? "He is interested in learning." Similarly, look here. "He is interested in sports." "She is interested in reading novels." Right? "Afraid." "Afraid" always takes the fixed preposition "of." Like "She is afraid of dogs" and "He is afraid of failure." So "afraid" always takes the fixed preposition "of." Why am I teaching you these fixed prepositions? Because they are frequently asked. So here too, "of" will come. Here too, "of" will come. I told you the later rules are quick. "Married." With "married," you use "to," not "with." Right? But that is when it is used in the sense of an adjective. If it were used in the sense of a verb, it would not take any preposition. For example, "She is married to a doctor." "He got married to her last year." You are saying he married her last year. So look here. "She is married to him." Here, what will come? "Married to a teacher." Remember, if you use "marry" as a verb, son, like "Shyama marries Rama," then you will not put "to" here. "To" is not used here. Nothing is used. But when you study it as an adjective, you always use "to," not "with." This is where children often make mistakes, right? Let's move to the next. It says, with "different," the fixed preposition is "from." And if you want to write another word here, you can write it. With "indifferent," "to" is used. With "indifferent," "to." Sometimes you get confused. With "different," "from." With "indifferent," "to." "The book is different from that." "Your opinion is different from mine." Right? Like "The pen is different from mine." "His ideas are different from yours." Right? Let's move to the next. It says, "depend." With "depend," you either use "on" or you use "upon." For example, "I am totally dependent on you." Right? Look, "Success depends on hard work." Right? "It depends upon your effort." Similarly, "It depends on you." It depends on you. Here, look, "Success depends on practice." Okay? I hope this is clear. Okay, remember, if you ever use "prefer," "elder," or if you use "superior," "inferior," all these words, many children put "over" with "prefer," but with "prefer," "to" is used. "He prefers tea to coffee." "She prefers reading to watching TV." "I prefer milk to tea." Look at this. "She prefers walking to driving." So with "prefer," "to" will always be used. With "capable," what do you use in fixed prepositions? "Of." Like "He is capable of doing it." Right? Look at this. "She is capable of success." Right? "He is capable of solving this." "She is capable of great work." Because, "because" and "so" are often asked for their difference. "Because" is always used for the reason. "So" is always used for the result. Both are used in the sense of "because" or "therefore." So "because" basically means "because." If you want to replace "because," you can use the words "since" and "as." "So" means to give the result. So with "so," you can use "thus" and "therefore" to replace it. So look at this. What is written here? "He was late because he missed the bus." "He missed the bus." "So he was late." Result and your reason. In "because," you are giving the reason. In "so," you are stating the result. "He missed the bus," so "he was late." Right? Here you are giving the reason. Here you are stating the result. Look at this. It says, "He was tired." He was tired. "___ he slept early." "Because he slept early." "So he slept early." "Although he slept early." "But he slept early." So you are saying because he was tired, he slept early. So what did you put? "Because." This is the result. Right? Come here. It says, "He slept early." He slept early. Why? "Because he was tired." What are you stating here? Reason. So when the reason is given, put "because." And when the result is given, what should you put? What will you put? "So." Remember this. This isn't. Next. "Although" and "but" are also asked very frequently. With "although," never pair it with "but." This is wrong. Right? "Although" or "though." They mean "even though." What do you say? "Even though." Right? So the pair of "although" and "though" is either "yet," "yet," right? Or you separate the sentence with a comma. "But" never comes. It says, "Although he is rich, he is unhappy." This is always a contradictory statement. Although he is rich, but he is unhappy. You put "although" at the beginning of the sentence, but you put "but" in the middle of the sentence. Here you can pair it with "yet," but not with "but." So if you want to use "but," put it in the middle. If you want to use "yet," if you want to use "but," put it in the middle. If you want to use "although," you can put "although" at the beginning of the sentence. Look at this. It says, "___ he is poor, he is honest." So what is the pair with a comma? Right? Here it is written, "He is tired." "___ he continues working." What comes in the middle of the sentence? What comes at the beginning? And what comes in the middle? Tell me quickly. You can see it quickly, right? This is done quickly because some rules are very small. The initial rules were going to be more in-depth. So tell me quickly, what will you put here? At the beginning of the sentence. Although he is poor, he is honest. Right? But for "but," you will not put "but" here. You will either put a comma or "yet." "He is tired." He is tired. "Although" is never seen in the middle of a sentence. What will you put? But he continued working. So you put "although" here. What will you put here? Say it quickly. Is this clear? Correct. Yes, ma'am. Then let's go to 41 to 50. I told you the later rules. The rules I have kept later are quick ones. Eat them alone, son. I am also far from my mother. I will come home to eat with you. Okay? Okay, is this clear to everyone? Say yes, ma'am. Let's go. 41 to 50. I told you the later rules. The rules I have kept later are quick ones. Okay? Let's move on. 41 to 50. "Although" always has a logical pair of "but." And "although" should always be placed at the beginning of the sentence. You always put "but" in the middle of the sentence. Right? And "but" also has no logical pair. Done. I will finish by 3:00 PM. No, for grammar, this is enough. Okay, sitting like this, consistency will be built, son. If you attend regular classes, consistency will be built. Right? 100 will be done quickly. Second. Let's move to the next. It says, let's move to 41. What is 41? 41 is about active to passive. Now, you have already studied active to passive. The very first rule of active passive says that the object becomes the subject and the subject becomes the object. Right? For example, "Ram wrote a letter." So look, the letter will come here. Ram will come here. Right? "A letter was written by Ram." "She cleaned the room." "The room was cleaned by her." So, just like it is written here, "He wrote a book." So look where the subject is the object and the object is the subject. So you have "a book," "a book," "a book," "a book" written here. "He" will become "by him." So "by him" is not coming here. It is coming here. It is coming here. It is coming here. Plus, because this sentence is in the past tense, you will have to look for a past tense sentence. Look, this is not past tense. This is not past tense. It is past tense. What will be the answer? In active passive, the tense does not change. Look here, this is a present tense sentence. "A song" will come here. "By her" will come here. Right? And the sentence is in the past tense, so which one will it be? The verb's third form is "was." Okay? Is this clear to everyone? Then it says, in passive, you always use "be" + verb third form. "Be" + verb third form means there are many forms of the "to be" verb, son. For example, if you are writing "be," then there are many forms of the "to be" verbs. So remember this with Gabbar's dialogue. Learn it like this. Go halfway here. Go halfway there. And you come behind me. So "is," "am," "are" become present. "Was," "were" become past. Right? And the one that comes at the end is "be." So it says, whenever you make a passive, you make it with "be" + verb third form. For example, look, "The work is done." In present, with "is," "am," "are," verb third form. In past, with "was," verb third form. You see? It is made with "be" + verb third form. For example, look at what is written here. "The letter ___ written." You have to put the verb's third form. So you are saying "is being written." Here it is written "was written." Here it is written "is written." Here it is written. "All correct." You know it is made with "be" + verb third form. So "is" is a form of "be." "Was" is also a form of "be," and "being" is also a form of "be." So what will be the answer? D. Come here. "The work ___ completed." So you can write "is completed." You can write "was completed." You can write "has been completed," or you can write "all correct." Because in passive, what do we always do?

In passive voice, we always use 'be' plus the third form of the verb. That 'be' can be any form. It can be 'is', it can be 'am', it can be 'are'. If you go to the past, it can be 'was', it can be 'were', it can be 'be', it can be 'being', and it can be 'been'. So, in passive voice, all forms are always used with 'be' plus the third form of the verb. Remember this. Right? If you go to modal auxiliaries, then 'be' plus the third form of the verb will be used with the modal auxiliary. Look, for example, "He can do it." "It can be done." "You must finish it." "It must be finished." So, 'be' plus the third form of the verb with modal auxiliaries. Now, try to form this. "Can solve." The modal auxiliary will not change. "Can solved" is wrong. It's "Can be solved." "You must complete." "Work must be completed." "Must completed," "is completed," or "work be completed." So, 'be' plus the third form of the verb will work with modal auxiliaries. Tell me which one of these two. Let's remove this one for now because, look, 'be' plus the third form of the verb is not coming here, and here 'must' has been removed. Tell me, which one of these two will be correct, quickly? D for distress, pain, agony. Okay, let's proceed. With modal auxiliaries, if the first form of the verb is ever coming, then you use the same modal auxiliary. You use 'be' with the third form of the verb. Which one will be the answer? Okay? Next. It says, if you want to make the passive of an imperative sentence, then you can make it with 'let' along with the object. "Open the door." "Let the door be opened." It will definitely be formed with 'be'. It says, "Do the work." "Let the work be done." So, you form the passive of an imperative sentence with 'let'. And that too, when the object is present. When the object is present. Right? What needs to be done? With what, what needs to be done? That should be known. For example, it says, "Close the gate." So, what needs to be closed? The gate. So, make it with 'let'. "Let the gate." It will be formed with 'be' plus the third form of the verb. Where is 'let'? Here. Here. Where is 'be' plus the third form of the verb coming? Here. Tell me about this one. "Finish the task." What needs to be finished? The task. Tell me, which one will be formed from these two? Which statement has 'let'? It's here too. Right? 'Let' is coming, but 'be' plus the third form of the verb is not coming. Remove this. 'Let' is not coming at all here. Tell me, which one will be formed from these two? "Finish the task." What will you make? "Let the task be finished." Okay? I hope this is clear. Let's move to the next one. It says, Rule number 45. Look. Tense change in indirect speech. When you make indirect speech, the tense changes. Present goes to past. Past goes to past perfect. Meaning, if it's the first or fifth form of the verb, it will go to the second form, and if it's the second form of the verb, it will go to 'had' plus V3. Look here, it's written, "He said, 'I am tired.'" So, 'am' has gone to the past, so what will it become? 'Was tired.' So, "He said that he was tired." Okay? When you are making indirect direct speech, the structure of your sentence changes. Now, look, this and this also happens only when the reporting verb is in the past. This statement, this verb, will be found in the past. The second form of the verb 'finished' has changed to 'had finished'. Look here, it's written, "He said, 'I am happy.'" Now, this 'am' needs to be changed to the past. So, what is the past of 'am'? What is the past of 'is', 'am', 'are'? It's 'was', 'were'. It's not coming here. It's not coming here. It's coming here. Right? But look here, this is in the past. This has been made present. Come here. If the reporting verb is in the past, then present changes to past, and past changes to past perfect. Try to do this yourself. "She said, 'I wrote a letter.'" This is in the past, right? Change it to 'had' plus V3. Where is it coming? This is in the past. This is in the past. This is in the past. Remove this. Where is 'had' plus V3 coming? Tell me quickly. D for hungry. You got hungry so quickly? Come on, tell me. Very good. What will be the answer? Okay? Next. It says, remove quotation marks in indirect speech. In indirect speech, commas and double inverted commas are removed. This that comes, this is removed. So, look at this. "He said, 'I am ready.'" So, you will write, "He said that he was ready." Look, you are putting the comma and double inverted commas here. "She said, 'I will go.'" "She said that she would go." The comma and double inverted commas are removed. Look at this. "He said, 'I am busy.'" Remove the comma and double inverted commas. This is correct. It is placed here. It is placed here. Okay? Will you change the present to past? The comma and double inverted commas are here. This has been removed. The comma and double inverted commas are visible here. This has been removed. This was removed because it was in the present. Will the present also change to past? Try to answer this. "She said, 'I will help.'" Remember, the present modal auxiliary should change to the past. Remove the comma and double inverted commas. In indirect speech, commas and double inverted commas do not come. Now you tell me. I have removed option C. You tell me, what will come? Will 'will' remain 'will'? 'Would' will come. 'Would' will come. Will the past remain past, or will it convert to present? Which option will you choose from these? Quickly. Look, it's written 'past' here, but 'will' is still 'will'. It's written 'past' here, and it has been made 'would'. Look here, it has been made present. So, what will be the preferred answer? Done? Next, it says, look at 47. Pronouns also change in narration. How do pronouns change? First, second, and third person change according to the subject, object, and none of your reporting verb. Meaning, if the first person is given in the reported speech, change it according to the subject. For example, if 'I' is given. This will change according to the subject, so 'he' will come. For example, "He said, 'I am ready.'" So, "He said that he was ready." Look, 'he' has come here. "She said to me, 'You are late.'" This is the second person, right? This will change according to the object. According to 'me', right? According to 'me'. So, 'me' is the first person. So, you need to bring the first person. Look, "She told me that I was." So, the first person will always change according to the subject. According to what will the second person change? According to the object. Tell me this one. "He said to me, 'You are my friend.'" So, this is the second person, right? This will change according to the object, and the first person is written in the object. So, tell me, what will come here? "He said, 'I am his friend.'" "He told me that I was his friend." "He told me, 'You are his friend.'" Or "He said, 'You are my friend.'" Look, remove 'you'. 'I' will come. 'I' is in both. Now, tell me, if the sentence was in the present, will you change it to the past? Which one will come? A or B? You just read the rule. Do you change the present to the past? If the reporting verb is in the past, then you change the present to the past. So, eliminate from that too. We have changed the person. What will be the answer? Next, it says, "She said, 'I love my country.'" 'I' is the first person, right? It will change according to the subject. It will change according to the subject. Meaning, the third person will come. So, look, the third person is here. The third person is here. Right? Here it is saying, "A and B both." It is written here. And you also know that if the reporting verb is in the past, then the tense of the reported speech changes. So, now, if you notice here, this was given in the present. It needs to be changed to the past. So, if you change the present to the past, which one will come? 'Loves', 'loved', 'both', or 'none'? Tell me, which one will you prefer? "She said that she loves her country." "She said that she loved her country." Or "Both A and B" or "None." Yes, if you send it to the past, what will come? I believe this is clear to you all. Let's move to 48. It says, time and words also change. 'Now' changes to 'then'. 'Today' changes to 'that day'. 'Tomorrow' changes to 'the next day'. 'Yesterday' changes to 'the previous day'. So, time also changes. For example, look here, it's written, "He said, 'I am busy now.'" Look, 'now' has been changed. Can you see? Second, "I said, 'I will go today.'" We have changed 'today' to what? Look what is written here. "He said, 'I am working.'" This is written. The first person will change according to the subject. The present sentence will go to the past. Now, 'now' needs to be changed. Quickly change it and tell me what will come. 'Now' will change into 'then'. And even write it down. 'Tomorrow' also changes to 'the next day'. Okay? And 'yesterday' also changes. Into what? 'The previous day'. Okay? So, what will you put here? 'Now' will change into 'then'. Come here. 'Today' is given. 'Today' will change into. Okay? This is it. Then comes Rule 49. Universal truth. It says, if the reporting verb is in the past, but we are talking about a universal truth, then do not change the tense. The present sentence will remain in the present. The past sentence will remain in the past. Look here, look here, the reporting verb is in the past. It is written here, "The sun rises in the east." This sentence is in the present tense. But this is a universal truth. The world knows it. "The sun rises in the east, sets in the west." And "The Earth revolves around the sun." These are all universal truths. So, here, look, we have not changed its tense. "He said that the sun rises in the east." "She said, 'Honesty is the best policy.'" This is a universally accepted truth. It's a proverb, a saying. So, we have written here, "She said that honesty is the best policy." The tense has not changed. So, whenever you talk about a universal truth or a proverb, you do not change the tense. Look, "He said, 'The Earth revolves around the sun.'" See? So, what will you write here? 'Revolved', 'revolves', 'had revolved', or 'revolve'? The tense will not change. What will you put? Tell me. We will keep it as it is. The tense will not change. What will come? Answer B. Tell me what will come here. "She said that water boils at 100° Celsius." The tense will not change. So, tell me what will come? 'Boiled', 'boils', 'had boiled', or 'boiling'? Very good. 'Revolves' will be the correct answer. Yes, here too, what will you write? The tense will not change. It's a universal truth, right? The tense will not change. What will come? I hope this is clear. Next, it says, the reporting verb also changes slightly. If 'said to' is ever given, then 'said to' changes to 'told'. It says, "He said to me." "He told me." "He said to him." "She told him." So, 'said to' will always change. Look what is written here. "He said to me, 'Come here.'" So, "He told me to come there." 'Here' also changes. 'Here' changes to 'there'. Okay? This changes to that. These change to those. Look here, right? Here it was 'told', but 'here' was written as 'here', so we removed it. Look, "She said to me" and "She said to him." Change it. What will come? 'Said' is followed by 'to', but 'told' is not followed by 'to'. And 'said to' changes into what? Only 'told'. Tell me, which option will you choose for the second one? B for mind-blowing. Okay, it's written "She said to," right? So, if you change 'said to', what will it be? 'Told'. But 'told' is not followed by 'to'. So, what will be the answer? Is this clear, students? Up to 50. So, yes, ma'am. Is this much course for everybody? Did everyone understand well? Sorted. Please like and share the session, students, so that students keep connecting. Okay? The last one is just this much. 'Said to' changes to 'told'. So, wherever 'said to' comes in the reporting verb, it will become 'told', and 'told' is never followed by 'to'. Okay? Here it was 'told'. Look, it was 'told' here too. But why did we choose this statement? Because 'here' also needs to be changed to 'there'. 'Here' will also change into 'there'. Okay? Is this clear, students? Shall we move forward? Say yes. I told you the last rules will be covered quickly. It won't take this much time. 'This' to 'that'. 'These' to 'those'. 'Here' to 'there'. 'Now' to 'then'. 'Before' to 'ago'. 'Today' to 'that day'. 'Yesterday' to 'the previous day'. And 'tomorrow' to 'the next day'. Lucid pizza, what? Let's move to the next one. Tell me quickly, is there any energy left or not? Give a red signal that yes, ma'am, there is energy. We can study now. Then we will continue and cover this a bit faster. We will try to complete it by 3 o'clock. 10 rules, 10 minutes. It shouldn't be a burden. It's very simple. Very basic rules. If you have studied it, it will be revised well. Okay? Come on. Tell me the last one. No. Come on, ma'am. Maggi. Yes, feed me a little. There's no energy left. How much have we studied? Come on, learn a little from me, you guys. What time is it now? 12:02. We've been studying for 2 hours. You are little kids. Come on, look. It says, past perfect for earlier past action. If two actions are given in the past, then the first action will go into the past perfect. Look here, it says, "He had left before I arrived." He left before I arrived. So, for the earlier action, we are using 'had' plus V3. It says, "She had finished the work when I called." She had finished her work before I called. So, what is the first action? 'Had finished'. Right? Look at this. "He ______ before I reached." He left before I reached. So, now, look, this is the earlier action. The earlier action needs to be sent to the past perfect. Send it. How will you send it? Tell me. 'Left', 'had left', 'leaves', or 'leaving'? If two actions are given simultaneously, then the first action is put in the past perfect. Tell me, what will you put? Past perfect never comes alone in any sentence. It hasn't been 2.5 hours yet, and no, that's right. Imran says, ma'am, when I was your age, I used to climb mountains to teach. Very true, I am very true. Okay, come on. Tell me this. It says, "She ______ dinner before he came." She had dinner before he came. She is a glutton. Look, I don't eat. Tell me, for the earlier action, what will you put in the past perfect? 'Had'. Okay? Come on, next. It says, 'used to' for past routine action. If you are showing any past routine action, then what will you use? 'Used to'. For example, "I used to play cricket." Right? "She used to live here." Or "I used to pass from that street." Because someone used to live there. So, here it is written, he used to smoke. Now he has quit. Like I used to eat rasgullas before. Now I have quit. Before, I didn't eat momos. Now I have started eating them, but I haven't quit. So, there are many such habits, like quitting studies, quitting food, quitting bathing. Right? Due to too much tension of studies, you quit bathing. You say things like that, right? So, he used to smoke. So, we are using 'used to'. What will we use? 'Used to', 'using to', or 'uses to'? No. Here it will be. She used to go there. Right? I used to brush my teeth daily. But now I have become a lion. I don't brush. 'Used to do brush'. Okay? Next, it says, 'would' is also used for past habit. Meaning, if you are not using 'used to', then you can use 'would'. For example, "He would visit us every Sunday." He often used to visit our house on Sundays. "She would tell stories." She often used to tell stories in the past. But remember, 'would' is a modal auxiliary. So, it will always take the first form of the verb. Same for 'used to'. So, look, the modal auxiliary is coming here. You will use the first form of the verb. What will come? 'Come'. Come here. Tell me this one. Now tell me what will come here? She used to sing songs for us. "The words, I am not a poet, but when I saw you, poetry came to me." So, he became a poet because of her. He used to write poetry for her. We have seen that maximum people become poets because of this. Tell me, what will you use? It's a modal auxiliary, the first form of the verb. You can also write "She used to sing songs." There is no problem. What will you put? Okay? Next, it says, 'since' is used in present perfect or present perfect continuous. For example, "He has lived here since 2010." By the way, let me tell you, you can use 'since' for two tenses. One is for perfect tense, and the second is for perfect continuous tense. So, it's not about only present. It's about that you can use it for present perfect, past perfect. You can use it for present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous. For example, "She has been studying since morning." Now, you know that 'since' is for a point in time. So, it is used. Do not use it with continuous tense. For example, look what is written here. "He ______ here since 2020." So, you can only use two tenses with 'since'. Either perfect or perfect continuous. Continuous will not come. Simple will not come. What will you put? Present perfect. You can also write here if you want. This statement you see, 'since', is used with both these tenses. Which ones are not used? Simple. Simple means simple verbs. Verbs without helping verbs. And one continuous, where only the -ing form of the verb comes. These two are not used. Okay? You do not use these two tenses with 'since'. And 'since'? Also with 'for'. Right? Look, this sentence says, "She ______ working since morning." It is written here, 'is continuous'. We will not use it. Look here, it is present perfect continuous. Come here. So, with 'since', either perfect tense or perfect continuous tense will be used. Okay? The same is with 'for'. Look here, you are using present perfect. "I have studied for two hours." Period of time. "He has worked for years." So, 'since' and 'for' are used with only two tenses. Perfect and perfect continuous. And 'for' is for what? For a period of time. Look, 2 hours is mentioned here. What will you put? 'Since' or 'for'? Remove 'from' and 'at'. 'From' is for future start. What will you put? "He has lived here ______ 5 years." Which five years? I don't know. What will you put? It's a period of time, right? I hope you are clear. Next, it says, no -ing after modal forms. Always remember, do not use the -ing form of the verb with modal auxiliaries. It is wrong. "He can go." "We must study." Always the verb's

Which form is used? Base form. Look at this. He can go there. Base form of the verb. What is written here? She must study hard. So, with the 13 modal auxiliaries, only and only which form of the verb is used? First form. Never come with an 'ing' form. Next, it says the difference between 'between' and 'among' is also asked a lot. 'Between' is for two. Right? And if you talk about more than two, what will you use? 'Among'. For example, look, "Divided it between two people." See, 'between' for two. And "Share it among friends." How many friends are not mentioned. If it was written "two friends," then you would use 'between'. Look at this. See this. "Can I divide this between Ram and Shyam?" How many people? Two. What will you use, tell me. "Distribute sweets ____ children." How many children? Not mentioned. Not mentioned. How many? Okay? Tell me. What should I put in the first and what in the second? Quick. 'Between' for two, 'among' for more than two. 100 total 100. What should I put here? 'Between'. What should I put here? So, 'between' for two and 'among' for more than two. Now look, 'into' shows motion, 'in' shows position. 'Into' will always show motion. It says, "We went into the room." You are going into the room by walking. But if you are standing there, stopped, then what will you use? "He is in the room." Okay, look at this. It says, "She jumped." See, this shows motion. Quickly tell me, what will you use in the first one? What comes in motion? 'Into' or 'in'? "He is sitting in the chair." An armchair is like that, right? So you sit inside it. You don't sit on it. If it's without arms, then you sit on it. So here there is no motion. It is stationary. Tell me, where should I put 'into'? Where 'in'? Both B. Okay? Next, last. It says, "on time" versus "in time." Remember. "On time" means the exact time. Right? And "in time" means before late. For example, if I said you were called at 5 o'clock, and you arrived at 5 o'clock. Right? But if, let's say, you were called at 5 o'clock and you arrived at 5:10, it's not too late. For example, "The train arrived on time." Look what is written here. "He reached in time to catch the bus." He reached on time to catch the bus. He wasn't at the exact time. So, where a further statement is given, there we mostly use 'in'. Look what is written here. "He reached ____ to catch the train." He reached on time to catch the train. Now, a time is given here. Right? So what will you put here? 'In time'. Look here, "The meeting started." Now, it's not given further. Did it happen on time or not? The sentence is finished. So what will you put? Remember, whenever you are given a time further, that he reached on time to do this, but he reached on time. So, if the sentence is not elaborated further, it means he reached on time. But if the sentence is elaborated further, it means he reached before late. For nights, you always use 'at night'. You never use 'in night'. For example, "He studies at night." "He works at night." "She works at night." Look at this. "He sleeps at night." Right? And "She works at night." Even for noon, you use what? "I will meet you at noon." You say that, right? So when do you use 'at' for your times? Either at night, or sorry, either at night, or when else? At noon. Okay? Is this clear to everyone? So, yes ma'am. Let's move on. These are very small rules. Because the rules for later stages are very small. So, one-go rules. You'll do them quickly. Ma'am, are you married? No, I'm waiting for you. I'm thinking you grow up first, then I'll marry you. Okay, say it's fine. Pratyush, grow up, start earning something, right? Then find someone good. Okay, no, it's 'on the chair', dear. There are two types of chairs, remember this. For example, let's say there is a chair. There will be a chair in your house that will be like this. Like this. Right? And there is a chair that is like this. It has arms made like this. You must have seen arms. Yes or no, say. So, this type of chair, we call it 'in chair', the armchair. Here, we say. So what is it? 'On chair'. Until 3 o'clock. Okay, this is clear. When do you use 'on chair' and 'in chair'? The one with arms, you use 'in' for that chair. Coming to 61. It says there is a word, 'each other' and 'one another'. 'Each other' and 'one another' show exchange. Don't they say, "You give me blood, I will give you freedom." That kind. So, for two people, you use 'each other', and for more than two, you use 'one another'. Look, "Ram and Shyam help each other" because there are only two people. Right? Come over here. It says, "The students help one another." How many are there, is not known. Like in 'between' and 'among', how many are there is not known. So, if there are two, then 'each'. Sorry, 'between'. So now look, here it is written, "The two friends." Tell me, what will you use? It says, "The players congratulated." The number two is given here. Right? Two friends loved each other. You are saying that. And the players congratulated each other. You are saying this. So tell me, in which one will you use 'each other'? In which one? 'One another'. It is not given here. Many. What will we put in the first one? 'Each other'. And what will we put in the second one? 'One another'. Fine. Next, it says 'lest'. Its meaning is "in case not". "Work hard lest you should fail." Work hard, otherwise you will fail. In case you fail. So, the logical pair of 'lest' is always 'should'. So, whenever you see 'lest', L-E-S-T, it's a negative word, dear. It never comes with 'no' or 'not'. In case you fail. So with 'lest', you always use 'should'. So, here also 'lest' is coming. 'Should'. Wherever you see 'lest', what will you use? 'Should'. No other modal auxiliary will be used. Right? Study, otherwise you will fail. Work, otherwise you will starve to death. You say that, right? So, with 'lest', always purely 'should' is used. It says, 'as soon as'. If you ever see it, then 'as soon as' is also a conditional word. Like 'if' and 'when' are conditional words, this is also a conditional word. With this also, you do not use sentences in the future. Meaning, you will never use 'will' or 'shall' with it. Right? Look here, "As soon as he arrives." We will not write "will arrive." It can come in the next sentence. In the sentence where 'as soon as' is coming, which is the conditional clause, you will not use 'will' or 'shall'. Never use it. Okay? Look here. It says, "As soon as she comes, we will start." In the statement with 'as soon as', we did not use 'will' or 'shall'. We are using it in the second sentence. Now tell me, what will you use here? It will remain in the present. Always remember. If 'will' is given in the next sentence, then what will you use in this one? "As soon as he comes." 'Will', 'shall' will not come. You won't send it to the past. And if you send it to the past, then 'would' will come. 'Coming' never comes. Come here. "As soon as she ____, we will eat." So here it is written, "arrive", "will arrive", "arriving", and "arrives". You don't use 'ing'. You don't use 'will' or 'shall'. If 'would' was there in the modal auxiliary, then you would use the past. What will you use? So, 'as soon as' always remember, in a sentence, it never takes 'will' or 'shall'. It doesn't form a future sentence. And if 'will' or 'shall' is coming in the next sentence, then the sentence will always be in the present. You use the present form of the verb. Okay? Next, the structure of 'too' with 'to' we have already studied. So, there is no need to repeat it. You write the rule for 'too much' and 'much too' in rule number 64. Okay? Next, look here, it is written, "She is." Now we are talking about the next part. We have already studied this. It is repeated. Right? So, with 'to', what will always come? 'To'. With 'to', what will always come? 'To'. Even if you are using 'from', with that also, purely what do you do? Right? "He will come from Dubai to Singapore." Using 'so' with 'that' is used for purpose. Right? If 'so' and 'that' are coming next to each other, then you use it like this. "He works hard so that he may succeed." Why will he work hard? So that he passes. "She spoke loudly so that everyone could hear." So, 'next to' is also used with 'each other'. Just remember, it is used for some reason. Like, "He studies hard." Right? "So that he may pass." You won't use 'because'. 'Because' tells the reason, not the purpose. 'Although' gives contradiction. Right? 'But' also gives contradiction. So, 'so that' means you are telling why he did it. "She whispered so that no one could hear." 'So that'. Okay? Next, it says 'unless'. 'Unless' is a negative word. Right? Its meaning is 'if not'. "You will fail unless you study." You will fail if you don't study. "I won't go unless you come." I will not go until you come. Right? Or if you don't come. So, with 'unless', you just remember two things. 'Unless' also does not take 'will' or 'shall' because it is a conditional word. And it also does not take 'no' or 'not'. It is negative, right? It takes neither. Look, "You cannot pass unless you work hard." You will not pass if you don't work hard. You will not use 'if'. You will not pass. If you don't work hard. "I won't help you." I will not help you if you don't ask. So, 'unless' is useful if not. Next, it says 'no sooner'. Its pair is always 'than'. You make the logical pair of 'no sooner' as 'than'. Even if 'other' comes, and 'rather' comes, then its logical pair is also 'than'. Always remember 'than'. For example, look what is written. "No sooner had he arrived than it started raining." "No sooner did she enter than everyone stood up." So, the pair of 'no sooner' will always be 'than'. Remember this. Secondly, 'no sooner' always follows the law of inversion. Meaning, the helping verb will always come before the subject. Whenever it forms a sentence, always remember, the helping verb will come first, then the subject. Here, look what is written. Sentence. "No sooner ____ he come than I left." So tell me, what will you use? 'No sooner had', 'no sooner did', 'no sooner has', 'no sooner was'. What will you use? Here, the first form of the verb is coming. What will you use, tell me? Both can be used. Like this, 'had' and 'did'. Write it down as 'both'. Because it is the third form of the verb. Of the verb. It is also the first form of the verb. This work. Look at this. This is also the third form of the verb. 'Come', 'came', 'come'. So, here you write. And B, both. Although preference with 'no sooner' is always given to 'did'. Come here. "No sooner ____ she arrived." 'Arrived' is which form of the verb? First form or third form? What will you use, tell me? 'Did', 'had', 'has', or 'was'? The sentence is in the past, right? Look, this is in the past. A past sentence always goes into the past. Remember. The logical pair of 'no sooner' is 'than'. The helping verb will always come before the subject. And a past sentence will always go into the past. Tell me, what should I use? This is the third form of the verb, right? 'Arrived'. It can come with this. It can come with this. Here, 'raining' is written. It's a past sentence. What will you use? Okay? Let's move to the next one. It says, with 'so', you use 'as' in the blank. For negative comparison. There is also 'as ____ as'. This is always used in positive sentences or negative sentences. But 'so ____ as' is always used in negative sentences. Meaning, you will always see 'not' before 'so ____ as'. "He is not so tall as his brother." "The book is not so good as that." So, whenever you compare with 'so ____ as', you will put 'no' or 'not'. Look, "He is not so smart ____ you." So, don't use 'than' with 'so', don't use 'from', don't use 'to'. What will you use? Look what is written. "This is not so big ____." Don't use 'as', don't use 'from', don't use 'to'. What will you use? Remember this. If such a sentence ever comes, "She is so good than the boy." This sentence is wrong. To correct it, what will you use? "She is not so good." So, always remember, whenever 'as' comes with 'so', it always makes a negative sentence, 'not so'. Okay? Next, rule 69. 'Rather than'. With 'rather than', which form of the verb do you always use? First form. For example, look, "I would go rather than stay." "She prefers reading rather than watch TV." So, after 'rather than', you always use the first form of the verb. For example, "I prefer tea rather than ____." Here it is written "drink", here it is written "drinking", "drink", or "drinks". So, if you use the first form of the verb, what will come? 'Drink'. In this one, tell me what to use? Can you see 'rather than'? Use the first form of the verb, quickly. 'Sit' or 'sat'? What should we use, tell me? "He would prefer work rather than ____." What is the first form of the verb? Base form of the verb. Do you know the base form of the verb? I told you at the beginning. The one without 's' or 'es'. What will you use as the base form of the verb? Next, rule number 70 says, 'the more' forms a combination with 'the more'. We say, the more you study, the more you learn. The more you work hard, the more you get success. Like that. So, the order of 'the more' and 'the more' is formed. It says, "The more you read, the more you learn." "The more he ____, the more he earns." "The more he spends." So, look at this. So, whenever you see 'the more', 'the more' will come next. Remember. For example, look what is written. "The more you practice, the more you improve." "The more she studies, the more she scores." Say, is this clear to everyone? Say yes, ma'am. I will not take more than 3 hours. The structure of 'the more' always follows with 'the more', remember. Okay? Shall we move to the next one, 71? Is this clear to everyone? Write 'yes ma'am' once. Then we will move on. Done. It says, the pair of 'scarcely' and 'hardly' is always 'when'. You have read the pair of 'no sooner', 'other', and 'rather' as 'than'. But the pair of 'hardly' and 'scarcely' will be 'when'. So, look, "Hardly, hardly, hardly had he reached when it started raining." Okay? Come over here. "Scarcely had she entered when the bell rang." Are you using 'bell rang'? Can you see it or not? So, remember this, with 'hardly' and 'scarcely', you always use the pair 'when'. Right? And similarly, with 'no sooner' and 'other', the law of inversion applies here too, so the helping verb comes first, then the subject. Right? And if its sentence is given in the past, then keep it in the past. Don't keep it in the present. For example, come here. The sentence is in the past, right? Can you see it? So, the past verb will be used here. It doesn't come with 'was'. The third form of the verb. You tell me, with which one will it come? The third form of the verb. Should I use 'did' or 'had'? "Hardly had he arrived when a train." With which one does the third form of the verb come? With 'had', right? You won't use 'did'. The first form of the verb comes with 'did'. Come here. It says, "Scarcely ____ she reached when the train left." Look, it's a past sentence. You won't use the present. Here it is written, 'reached'. Third form of the verb. Tell me, what should I use? 'Did', 'had', or 'was'. 'Was' comes with 'ing'. 'Had' comes with the third form of the verb. 'Did' comes with the first form of the verb. Tell me, what should I use? Amazing. Okay? It says, the logical pair of 'such' is 'that'. "He was such a ____." "It was such a hot hot day that we stayed inside." "She is such a kind girl that everyone likes her." So, with 'such', what logical pair will you always use? 'That'. If you have to explain the sentence. Right? Look at this. "It was ____ a cold day ____ we stayed at home." So, you have studied such a beautiful day. 'Such' always comes with a noun. It comes with an adjective. So, what will you use? 'Such'. And with 'such', purely what will you use? 'A cold day' is not 'too'. 'Too' also takes an adjective. Right? Remember this. And the logical pair of 'enough' is not 'to'. Come here. With which does a noun come? 'Too' and 'so' take adjectives. A noun can come with 'enough'. A noun can come with 'such'. In which do we form pairs? With 'enough' or with 'such'? With all. It says, "He is such a smart boy ____ he always." I hope this is clear. Okay? Now look, with 'enough', it is also telling you. With 'enough', if it uses 'to', how will it use it? Let's look for this. It says, "He is strong enough to lift." So, notice, if it ever uses 'to' with 'enough', then when will it use 'to' with 'enough'? When an adjective is given before it. Right? So, look, is there any adjective given before 'enough' in this sentence? No. If 'to' is ever used with 'enough', then understand that 'to' will be used with 'enough' only when an adjective is given before it. So, it says, "He is strong enough to lift it." "He is old enough to travel." You see, before 'enough', what is given? Adjective. Similarly, "He is tall enough to reach the shelf." Look here, "His brave enough." You see, before 'enough', what is given? Adjective. Given before. Not after. So, and an adjective comes after 'to'. You place the adjective before 'enough'. Then you can use 'to'. So, write it like this. With 'enough', you will use 'to' only when you find what before it? Even you can write this. I will tell you everything at once. Write it like this: 'such', 'so', 'too', and 'enough' together, so that you remember. With 'so' and 'too', you need an adjective. With 'enough', you need an adjective before it. And with 'such', you need a noun. And when you use a noun with 'such', what pair can you make? 'That'. When you use an adjective with 'so', what pair can you make? 'That'. When you use an adjective with 'too', what pair can you make? 'To'. If an adjective comes before 'enough', then you can use 'to' with it. So, you can write it like this. So, these are the pairs. You can see this. I hope this is clear.

Here's the translation of the provided text into English, following your rules:

Okay. Let's move to the next. It says "would rather than." Now, when you see "rather," however many times "rather" appears, what word will it always take? "Than." "I would rather walk than write." "I would rather stay than go." Right? So, look at what's written here. "I would rather read than." What will you put? The first form of the verb. So, you can write this down too. With "would rather," what form of the verb will you use? It says, "I would rather read than watch TV." Okay? Next, look. It says, "She would rather sleep than do work." The first form of the verb. "Rather than," "would rather than" will take the first form of the verb. With "had better," too, you see the first form of the verb comes. The base form. Write this down, dear. "Had rather." Okay? "Would rather," "had better," and "would better." All these words you are seeing, with all of them, what form of the verb do we use? The first form. Look, it says, "You had better study." "He had better leave now." "You had better go early." Okay? "Had" has been put. Here, you see "had better" is written. The first form of the verb. What has been put? So, whatever terms come, whether it's "had better," "had rather," "would rather," "would better," with them, you will use the first form of the verb. The first form of the verb is the base form. Remember. It says, look, "I would like." If "would like" were coming, then with it, you use the infinitive. "To plus V1." Right? Like, "I would like to go." Come here. It says, "She would like to help." With "to," you see the first form of the verb is coming. Come here. "I would like to go there." "She would like to meet him." So, with "would like," what do you always do? You use the first form of the verb. And that too, with "to." This is called the infinitive. What is it called? Infinitive. Remember this. Come here. It says, "Used to versus be used to." So, "used to" is used for past habits. But when you say "be used to," then you are talking about a habit. So, it says, with "used to," you use the first form of the verb. But if "be used to" comes, then use the "-ing" form of the verb. Like, "I used to play." I used to play in the past. But I have a habit of playing. "I am used to walking early." So, here you are talking about a habit. So, if "be used to" is written, understand that it indicates a habit. Now, tell me, what will come here? Here, you see "am used to" is written. This is talking about a habit. A habit. Right? And here, it's talking about a past routine action. Tell me, in which will the first form of the verb come, and in which will the "-ing" form of the verb come? Like I wrote, "I used to smoke." I used to smoke. But now I have developed a habit of smoking cigarettes. "I am used to smoking." Tell me, in which will you put the "-ing" verb, and in which will you put the first form of the verb? It's a habit, right? "Walking." Come here. It's a past habit, right? I hope this is clear. Right? Look at 78. It says, "Despite" and "in spite of" also come. With these, you always put either a noun or a gerund. Gerund means the "-ing" verb, and noun means some name. It says, "Despite rain, we played." "In spite of working hard, he failed." So, with "in spite," you always put "of," dear. With "despite," "of" never comes. Never. Right? Remember this. Always remember this. Look at what's written here. "___ working hard, he failed." What will you put? The "-ing" form of the verb. "In spite of working hard" or "Despite working hard"? The "-ing" form of the verb comes with "in spite" or "despite." "In spite of." Directly after "in spite of" comes a noun. So, what will you write here? "The rain," "a rain," "an rain," or "no article"? Directly after "in spite" and "despite" comes a noun. The noun will either be in the "-ing" verb form or as a normal name. Come here. 79. It says, if any sentence comes with "although," it comes with a subject and a verb. This means you will not put the "-ing" verb with "although." With "although," you see, the subject is coming. The verb is coming. See? With "although," the subject is coming, the verb is coming. So, "Although it was raining, we played." "Although he is poor, he is honest." Here, you see, after "despite," the "-ing" verb form or a noun is coming. Right? The same happens with this. "Because" tells the reason. We are not telling the reason here. We are giving a contradiction, right? What will you put? Right? "Although he starts." You see, a subject and verb are coming. "He works." Come here. "Although it..." It needs a verb with the subject. "Raining" is there. The "-ing" form of the verb. The sentence is in the past. So, for the past, you won't put "is"; "was" can come. Here, "were" is written. You won't put "were" with "it." You won't put "be" either. So, "it" is singular. For the past, only and only "was" will come with it. So, "Although it was raining, we went out." Okay? So, with "in spite of" and "despite of," you put a noun. But with "although," you have a subject and a verb. Okay? Next is "too much" and "too many." Now, "too much" is for uncountable. "Too many" is for countable. Right? Right? Like, "Too much sugar is harmful." Come here. "Too many students are absent." Come here. You tell me, what should I put here? And what should I put here? Quickly. You have to do this right now. Tell me quickly. "There is too much water" or "too many water"? "Too much." It's uncountable, right? "Few" is countable, "many" is countable, "too many" is countable. Come here. What will you put here? "Too many." "People," right? It's countable. So, you won't put "much," you won't put "little." What will you put? "Too." I hope this is clear. Tell me once, is this clear to everyone? I told you, the later rules are very small. You'll read them quickly. 20 more rules. Energy is there. "Too much" is not for countable. "Too much" is for uncountable, and "too many" is for countable. "Many," "much," and "little." There are differences. If "many" is coming, "too many" is coming, or "few" is coming, these are for countable. "Too much," "much," and "little" are for uncountable. Shall I teach 20 rules? Shall I join? You need to purchase the PYQ book. I'll tell you now. Look, if anyone wants to purchase the PYQ book, dear. Just go to the Career Adda app. When you go to the Career Adda app, you will find it there. Go to "All Courses." Go here. Look at the book section for English, this one, see? See this? Look at this. So, you will find PYQ books easily on this. They are available in a combo pack, but go to the book section if you want a hard copy, take a hard copy. If you want a normal book, take a normal book. You will find it here, okay? This one. This is the CUCET PYQ kit. Use the code Y484 in this, and you will get it. Besides this, for all those students, dear, whose English is weak, and who want to study individually, want to study in a bit more detail, like these questions, you are unable to do them. Right? You don't have an idea, and you literally want to study. So, you can also study by joining the batch properly. As I told you. I'll remove this. Look. You will get this book for ₹349. One minute. I'll keep it applied. If something else reduces, then no. Now, use only 4884. Okay? This will become ₹349. Besides this, if you look at the complete batch, then you will get both PYQs and mock tests. This one. This batch, the English-only English one, this one. You can see it. You can take this. This will cost you just ₹999. Use the code R99 instead of Y484. You can use Y484 anywhere. Just use R9 for the English batch. It will help you. Look, you will get it for ₹599. In this, you will get mock tests, PYQs, everything. So, individually, I feel if you are spending ₹300-₹400, then study properly. That will give you more confidence. Okay? Let's come back. Let's try to finish 20 rules in 20 minutes. We have done up to rule 80. Now let's come to 81. It says, "Each of" and "either of" are used. That is, "neither of" is used. You know that after "of," the noun always becomes plural. But the verb always remains singular. I taught you this just now. Look, "of the" is coming here. It shows selection. The noun will be plural. The verb will be singular. Like, look, "Each of the players." The noun is plural. What verb will you put? Singular. Here, look, "Neither of the girls." The noun is plural. What verb will you put? Singular. So, with "each of," "either of," or "neither of," you always use a singular verb. Even if the noun is plural. Look, if "there" is used as a subject, then always remember, "there" is actually never the subject. It's a dummy subject. The noun or pronoun that comes later always becomes the subject. So, you will put the verb according to the noun or pronoun that is coming later. Remember. Like, "There is a book." "There are many students." Right? So, "there" always takes the verb according to the later subject. Like, tell me, what will you put here? "There are a pen." No, "There is a pen." Look at this. "There ___ many problems." This is plural. What will you put? Tell me. "There is," "There are," "There was," "There has." The sentence also becomes long, dear. Like, suppose I said, I wrote a sentence like this. I said, "In a country." Okay? Then I put, "There ___ three thousands of thousands of birds flying in the sky." You notice "there" is coming here. You see "there"? And here you are talking about the noun you have taken later, "thousands of birds." Tell me, what will you put here? "There has" or "There have"? "There" always takes the verb according to the later subject, dear. What will you put? Tell me. "There has seen thousands of birds flying in the sky" or "There have been thousands of birds flying in the sky"? Quickly, what should I put? "In a country, there ___ seen." I don't care about "there." I care about "birds." So, are there one or many birds? Many. So, what will you put? "Have." Okay? So, such long sentences will also come, dear. Long rules depend on small rules. So, make sure you have covered the rule well. I hope this is clear. Okay? So, you will remember this, right? The "there" rule. So, the "there" rule is... Next is. It says, if "a lot of" or "plenty of" comes, then it depends on what the noun is. If the noun is singular, then the verb is singular. If the noun is plural, then the verb is plural. So, "a lot of water" is written. Now, this is uncountable, so it is considered singular. "Is" has been put. With "a lot of," you see, the noun is plural. So, what has been put? "Are." Now, look, what is coming here? "A lot of milk." It's uncountable, right? It will remain singular. Uncountable always remains singular. So, "A lot of milk is..." Point. Not "were," not "have." Tell me, what will come here now? "Plenty of books." Now, "books" is plural or singular? "A lot of" and "plenty of" are always decided according to the noun, what verb it will take. You tell me, in the second one, what verb will come? According to "books," what will you put? "Is," "Are," "Was," or "Has"? "Is," "Was," "Are," or "Has"? Dear, please like and share the session so that students can connect. Look, this is singular. This is singular. Verbs with 's' and 'es' are singular. The answer will be... Understood, right? Now, look, you were talking about "either or." The pair of "either" is "or." The pair of "neither" is "nor." Here, the verb always agrees according to the nearest subject. Meaning, according to subject number two. Like in "not only but also." So, look, here you will put the verb according to "friends." "Are coming." Here, you will put the verb according to "student." What will come? Yes. So, "either or," "either nor," whenever they are paired, they always take the verb according to the second subject. Here, put the verb according to this. Here, put the verb according to this. Tell me, what will you put? "Either he or his friends is ready," "are ready," "was ready," "has ready." According to "his friends." "Neither they nor he." Now, according to "he," what will you put? "Are coming," "is coming," "were coming," or "have coming"? Tell me quickly, quickly, quickly. According to "friends," what will you put? "Are" is plural, right? And according to "he," what will you put? It's singular, right? Okay. 85. "Not only but also" you have already studied. It follows the same structure. Okay? "He is not only smart but also hardworking." It says, you have already studied the verb, but remember this: if an adjective comes after "not only," then an adjective should also come after "but also." Look here, if a verb is coming here, then there is a verb here too. So, "not only but also" follows the same part of speech. Same part of speech means same verb, same form of verb, same degree of adjective. Right? Same subject. Look, it's written here, "He not only sings but also..." So, here you see the 's' and 'es' form of the verb is being used. See? So, with "but also," what will you put? The same form. Look at what's written here. "He is not only kind." It's an adjective, right? Tell me, which is the adjective among these? "But also intelligence," "intelligent," "intelligently," or "intellect"? If an adjective comes after "not only," then what will you put after "but also"? Tell me quickly. "Intelligence," "intelligent," "intelligently," or "intellect"? Quick. You tell me the second one. What will you put? "She is not only kind but also..." "Intelligence" is a noun, right? "Intelligent" is an adjective. "Intelligently" - 'ly' is added, it's an adverb. "Intellect" or "intellectual," you say. "He is an intellect personality." It's an adjective, but you can't say "intellect." Your behavior won't be considered. Okay? Okay? So, what will be our preferred answer? After "one of the," the noun always comes plural. The verb comes singular. You have already studied this. Like, look, "One of the boys." See, the noun is plural. The verb is singular. "One of the..." Noun plural, verb singular. "One of the books is missing." So, "One of the girls." See, the noun is plural. Whether "of the" or "of" comes, the noun is always plural. The verb is singular. So, you will put "girls is." You are talking about one, right? Come here. "One of the players." See, the noun is plural, but you are talking about one. What will you put? Tell me. "Are," "is," "was," or "have"? Singular verb. Okay? Next, it says, if "the only one of" comes, then when "the only one of" comes, it also always takes a singular verb. Like, "He is the only one who is selected." So, see, "the only one" is coming. "Is" has been put. Meaning, a singular verb has been put. "She is the only one." With this too, a singular verb has been put. See? Look, "He is the only one who..." Tell me, what will you put? Singular verb. "Have," "has," "are," or "were"? Singular verb. Tell me. 's' - sorry, 's' form. Come here. It says, "She is the only one who..." Find the singular verb quickly. You tell me. What will be the second one? "The only one who is..." Okay, okay? Now, it says "none." "None" has a different condition. "None" can be singular or plural. It depends on the context. Like, "None of the students is or are ready." Both are correct. "None of the work." "Work" is uncountable. Uncountable terms are always singular. So, you will put "is done." So, if "none" is coming with an uncountable noun, then it will be singular. But if it is coming with a plural countable noun, then it can be singular or plural. Like, here, look, "None of the boys." You can put "is," you can put "are." Meaning, both are countable nouns, right? Plural. But what will come here? It says, "None of the water." "Water" is uncountable. This will always remain singular. Tell me, what will you put? "Are," "is," "were," or "have"? "None" with plural countable nouns can be singular or plural. Meaning, you can put a singular verb, a verb without 's' and 'es', and also a verb with 's' and 'es'. Or what will you put? Okay. Now, come to "all." You tell me, what do you say? "All is well" or "All are well"? What will you say? "All is well." Everything is fine. Or "All are well." Everything is fine. It also depends on the context. I said, "How is everyone at home?" Then you said, "Ma'am, everyone is fine." All the people are fine. Then you will say, "Ma'am, all are well." I said, "How are things?" Then you will say, "Ma'am, you are talking about the condition. Everything is okay." Then "All is well." So, "all" depends on your noun, whether the noun is countable, uncountable, singular, or plural. Put the verb accordingly. Like, "All the milk is spoiled." "Milk" is uncountable. Uncountable is always counted as singular. "All the students are ready." "Students" is plural, right? Come here. "Food." "Food" is uncountable. Tell me, what will you put? "All the players." It's countable. Tell me, what will you put? All the food is finished. All the players are ready. Here, "is," "are," "was," and "has." What will you put? Okay? Is it clear? Next. "Some." "Some" also depends on the noun. Countable, uncountable. "Some water is left." "Some students are left." Just like "all." Right? Come here. "Some milk." It's uncountable, right? "Is spoiled." Come here. "Some boys." It's a countable noun, right? It's a plural countable noun, right? "Some boys is," "are," "was," or "has." So, "some" and "all" will depend on the context, what the noun is. If it's singular, then singular. If it's plural, then plural. Tell me, is this clear to everyone? Last 91 to 100 rules. With this spirit, I will give you a complete sheet attached. You have to do that as homework. And that will be the end. And look, rules 91 to 100 came so quickly, quickly, quickly. A little energy is left. It took a little more than 3 hours, but I think 3 hours will be more than sufficient for you. This is worth making. And hats off to all those students who are, who are just connected from start to end. Lots of love, lots of blessings, and lots of, what do you call it? Applause for you. Let's quickly finish rules 91 to 100 as well. Look, it's written here, "news." "News," "news," "news" is always singular, so you use a singular verb. "Is" has been put. Similarly, "mathematics," "economics," right? "Civics," "aerobics." If you are writing the name of anything that ends with 's' and 'es', with it...

You will apply a singular verb. For example, Mathematics is difficult. Physics is my favorite subject. Ninth says police. Many children get confused about this, thinking it's a collective noun. But police is always plural. Police are investigating, right? Police have come. Police is always plural. People, many children get confused. People can be singular. People can be plural, dear. The singular form of people is person. Right? For example, see, people are happy. You will never write "people is happy." You also make "peoples" from "people." But that changes the meaning. It means specific people. Okay? Next, it comes to furniture. Write furniture, write advice, write information. Look, leave furniture aside. If you go to information and advice, they are uncountable nouns. Meaning, those that cannot be counted. Right? And if you talk about furniture, it is a collective noun. And always remember, collective nouns and uncountable nouns are always singular. Never make "advices" from "advice." Never make "infinitions" from "information." Never make "furnitures" from "furniture." Never make "lugages" from "luggage," "bagages" from "baggage," right? Here, don't make "sceneries" from "scenery," "poetries" from "poetry." Okay? Next, rule number 96. Hair is usually uncountable. Like you say, I have big hair on my head. I have big hairs. Long hairs. Right? Silky hairs. It's not "hairs." It is hair. Her hair is long. If you wanted to make it singular or plural, you would say "a strand of hair." Like one hair, "a strand of hair." And if there are many, then "many strands of hair," right? So you make it singular or plural with "a strand" or "many strands." Write it down if you want: "a strand of hair" and "many strands of hair." Okay, alright. So hair will not be plural. The same happens with bread. Bread is also uncountable. So if you want to make bread singular or plural, you will do it like this: "a slice of bread," "a piece of bread," and "many pieces of bread" or "many slices of bread." Okay? Bread is also uncountable. Go for the same with luggage, go for baggage. These are also uncountable terms or collective terms. So for luggage, you say "much luggage." Never say "many luggage." Okay? If you want to make it singular or plural, how will you do it? "An article of luggage." "An article of luggage" or "many articles of luggage." It doesn't have a singular or plural form, dear. Okay? Luggage. So "lugages" from "luggage," "bagages" from "baggage," "poetries" from "poetry," "sceneries" from "scenery" does not happen. It never happens. Look, scenery is also an uncountable term, or you can call it a collective term. So "sceneries" never happens. You always write "beautiful scenery." Right? You also apply a singular verb. Come here, last. Similarly, work. You must have heard of work. This is also an uncountable term. You get confused between "work" and "works." "Work" means your job. Right? But "works" means literary pieces. It is asked very frequently. General works, like Shakespeare's works. Right? Like factories, art, what you have created, that's what you call it. So, for example, "I have much work to do." But Shakespeare wrote many literary works. So, "Shakespeare wrote many literary works." Okay? So I hope this is clear. So this was rule 100. I hope you have gained some confidence. You must be feeling good after reading these 100 rules. If any child knows absolutely no grammar. He is zero at grammar. These 100 rules will add four moons to your life. I'm just saying that if you are going to give the CUET exam, then definitely read these 100 rules before going. If you haven't studied anything, you can easily do your grammar section by reading this. You will be able to get your grammar section so correct that you will reach your dream university. Okay? So now tell me, is this clear? Will you revise this? I have prepared a complete sheet for practice on this. Is it so palpable? Is it so post-coital? Is it so limpid to you? Is it so polluted to you? Tell me. And also tell me which children were with me from the beginning to the end? How many students were connected from the beginning and stayed till the end? It's very basic. It will be fun to do. Even if you do it yourself, I will show you the questions. First, look. Look at this. See this? Where will these go? Easily, easily, easily. These are all questions. I have given a total of 100 questions. All the rules will be revised. If you just do the homework once. Look here. It basically starts from here. And this is your complete homework. See all this? They are just basic questions so that your rules are revised. I have given them up to 100. If you notice. If you look, I have given them up to 100. See? 72, 75, 81, 84, 89, 90, 100. So it's up to here. And I just want that you should even share this session with everyone. All the children who are watching the session, please like the session once. At least 1000 likes should be completed on this so that this video reaches every child. It would be really helpful. If you like the session, because it will reach every child, at least the child will not be confused in grammar. They will gain confidence in grammar. And I believe you have gained confidence. Have you or not? Tell me by making red hearts. And after the video, all the children who were connected from the beginning to the end, please tell me that "Ma'am, I was here from the beginning to the end." And how much you liked the session, please tell me after the video. And believe me, wherever you are stuck, wherever you are facing problems, it doesn't matter. I am here. Okay? For English, you don't need to go anywhere. I will teach you everything properly and well. And I will make everything clear. As long as I am here, I am here for you. I will keep helping you with everything. Just do this, you watch the session dedicatedly, okay? Those children who got tired in the middle and left, they should also definitely complete the incomplete session. Okay? So with this, we will end the session. Lots of love. Keep reading, keep working hard, and keep moving forward. Stay tuned with us. Remember to definitely download the Career Adda app. There is a lot of free content, my dear. Please, yes, please, I am telling you, you must download the Career Adda app. You will get a lot for free. If you need any counseling, I am giving you a number. You can call on that. Okay? Otherwise, you see, there is also an individual language batch available. There is also a language and GAT batch available. Take it according to your requirement. I will show you. I will show you the number. Look, you can download the Career Adda app from wherever you download apps. You will get many free quizzes, you will gain a lot of confidence. I think every child should know this. Okay? Then, suppose if there is any child who mostly struggles with language. So we have provided an individual batch for language. Okay? You can use the code RA99 for it. But those children who want to prepare for both language and GAT, they can take it from here. Those children who want to prepare science, commerce, or humanities along with the language and GAT combination, they will take either humanities, or science, or commerce. Okay? When you go to this, suppose you want to take Pratigya. If you take the e-book, it will take a little time in hard copies, and you will get worried. This is the number. Look, this is the number, available 24/7. You can call on this. Otherwise, for those who want to prepare directly from the batch, strengthen their preparation, dear. Just go here, use the code Y484. You will get the maximum discount. Remember, for each course, you can use the code Y484. Y484 will give you confidence. See? You will get a combined batch of language and GAT for ₹1246. Remember the code. Similarly, what do you need? Science batch, commerce batch, humanities batch. Come here. You are from science, commerce, or humanities, whoever you are, come here. Can you see this? Pratigya 2.0 for humanities is also the same. Okay? It's a batch of ₹199. In this, you will get live sessions, recorded sessions, teacher's handwritten PDF notes, daily practice papers, doubt sessions, counseling sessions, everything. All domains are included along with language and GAT. So you are getting this for ₹117. The same is for humanities students and for commerce students. Just choose your respective field, dear. Everything is available now. Books are also available, mock tests are also available. Once you go to the app store, satisfy your need, dear. We are just here to help you out. We try to help you in whatever way we can. Otherwise, prepare your best as you want to. Okay? Look, this is for humanities for ₹117. Remember the code. And otherwise, if you wish, join this. English with rbackmam group. I hope you all are here. I will upload the PDF of today's grammar class here, and you will also get questions to practice here. So make sure you have joined it. So, the Telegram link for this, wait, I will give you the scanner right here, right now, and then I will end the session, otherwise you will get worried. And tell me, if anyone has to ask anything, they can. This is the scanner. You can scan this. Join this group by scanning the scanner. Okay? Okay, alright. So if anyone has to ask anything, they can ask me after the video. You also have my email ID. If you want to ask on the email ID, you can ask on the email ID. It's up to you. Okay? Otherwise, let me just end the session. Bye. Thank you. Daanche gaaz je je aur avoid. Keep reading, keep working hard, and keep moving forward. Your teacher is with you. If you ever have any problem, just come to me. Okay? All the best. Bye. Awesome, yes.