НЕУЖЕЛИ ЭТО САМЫЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫЙ КУРС АНГЛИЙСКОГО?

Welcome. Welcome to the English grammar course for beginners. My name is Zubeyr. I have been teaching English since 2016 and I speak six languages. In this grammar course, you will learn the basic rules of sentence construction in English. You will learn all the necessary grammar for conversational English. This course does not have to be watched in one day. It can be broken down into several days, watched when you are in the mood, when you have the desire. But, so as not to lose it, I recommend saving this video, watching one lesson a day and another the next day. This video consists of many lessons on English grammar. They are short but informative. I also recommend that you subscribe to this YouTube channel so as not to miss future lessons that I release. You can start. And thank you for your attention. Building a sentence in English is easier than it seems. First of all, we need to learn pronouns. That is, I, you, we, they, he, she, it, these are all pronouns. Let's break them down. "I", always with a capital letter. You? In Russian, there are two words. In English, they do not distinguish between "you" (singular) and "you" (plural). Once they did, there was the word "thou," but you can only find it in the Bible or Shakespeare. So it's quite old. Now they always say "you," they always address in the plural. "We" is "we." "They" is "they." "He" is "he." "She" is "she." "It" is "it." In Russian, when we build a sentence, our endings constantly change. For example, the word "to live." I live, you live. He lives. She lives. We live, right? So the endings constantly change. In English, almost nothing changes. As it was "live," so it will be for everyone. "Live" means to live. I live. I live in America. You live in America. We live in America. They live in America. I remind you that "I" is "I." "You" is "you." "We" is "we," "they" is "they." Let's remember one short rule. "He, she, it" always "hisses." That is, if we say that he or she or it does something, we add an "s" at the end. "He, she, it" always "hisses." I live. I live. We live. We live. You live. You live. They live. They live. He lives. He lives. She lives. She lives. I work. I work. He works. He works. "He, she, it" "hisses." If the word ends in a consonant, we simply add "s." If it ends in a vowel, we add "es." For example, in the case of "I go," I go, he goes. How to ask questions in English? I think the phrase "Do you speak English?" is familiar to all of us. So, this word "do" is used for questions in the present tense. You speak is a direct statement. And if we want to ask, "Do you speak?" in Russian, we raise our intonation, but in English, we put the word "do." Do you speak? Do you love? Do you work? This word "do," again, for "he, she, it," it changes. For them, we say "does." Do you work? Do you work? Does he work? Does she love? Does she love John? Do you love me? Important point. Any name belongs to the category of "he, she, it." So, for example, "I play" is "I play." "He plays" is "he plays." But if we want to say that, for example, Sasha plays, we will also say "Sasha plays," because Sasha is he or she. How to say that we don't do something? "Not" in English will be "don't." This is a contraction of two words: "do not." We shorten it to "don't." And as you've already guessed, for "he, she, it," we say "doesn't." "Does not." I don't love. I don't love. You don't love. You don't love. We don't love. We don't love. They don't love. They don't love. He doesn't love. He doesn't love. She doesn't love. She doesn't love. And the last point we need to know is when we have two verbs in a sentence. A verb is a part of speech that answers the question, "what to do" or "what to do." Well, any action, like sleeping, wanting, playing, writing, reading, working, living. These are all verbs. A verb is generally the most important part of any language. So, if you want to learn to speak, learn verbs first. If we have two verbs in a sentence, we put the particle "to" between them. For example, "I like to play." "I like" is "I like," "to play" is "to play." "I want to study." By the way, from this word "study," the word "student" originated. Student, pupil. "I need to sleep." "I need." In English, we never say "to me," we always say "I." So in Russian, it sounds like "I need" or "I like," but in English, we say "I need" or "I like." "I need" "to sleep." Let's summarize. To build a sentence, you need to learn the pronouns "I, you, we, they, he, she, it." "I" is always written with a capital letter, don't forget. Next, you need to use a verb after the pronoun. Verbs are any actions. "Live" - to live, "play" - to play, "like" - to like, "need" - to need, "sleep" - to sleep, and so on. If we ask a question, we put either "do" or "does" at the beginning of the sentence. For whom did we put "does"? Correct, for "he, she, it." If we have two verbs in a sentence, two or four, we put the particle "to" between them, for example, "I need to work." "I need to work." And in the next video, we will analyze the most important verb in the English language. The verb "to be." Sentences in English are divided into two large blocks. One block is sentences with actions, with verbs. A verb is a part of speech that answers the question, "what to do," "what to do." So, for example, I live, I play, we want, they sleep, she works. So these are all sentences with verbs. And what to do when there is no verb in the sentence? For example, "I am a teacher." There is no verb in this sentence. I teach. What do I do? I teach. There is a verb here, but "I am a teacher." There is no verb here. "I live in America." There is a verb here. But "I am in America." There is no verb here. And what to do then? Can you just say "I in America"? "I am in America." No, in English, we don't say that. When there is no verb in the sentence, if there is no verb in the sentence, we must say an additional word "is," "to be." And this word "is" is called the verb "to be." It has three forms: "am," "is," "are." All three translate as "is," "to be," "to exist." Let's break them down separately. "I am," "I am." So, if I am a teacher, in English, I always say: "I am a teacher." "You are a teacher." "We are teachers." To say that there are many of something, we simply add "s" to the noun. "A teacher." One teacher. "Teachers." Teachers. "They are teachers." They are teachers. "He is a teacher." "She is a teacher." "It is good." Let's consider another example. "I am in America." "In" means "in." "You are in America." "We are in America." "They are in America." "He is in America." "She is in America." "It is good." "It is bad." Now a question. What do you think, can you say "I am live in America"? That is, "I live in America." No. The verb "to be" and a regular verb cannot be used together in one sentence. This is incorrect. This is a mistake. If you say "I am work," it literally translates as "I am work." Now, how to say that "I am not" or "you are not" or "he is not"? Here, we add the particle "not" to the verb. "I am not." "I am not." "I am" means "I am." "I am not," "I am not." For example, "I am not a doctor. I am a teacher." "He is not Sasha. He is Zhenya." "I am" can be simply contracted as "I'm." This comma on top is called an apostrophe. In English, an apostrophe is used for contractions. "You are," "you're." "We are," "we're." "They are," "they're." "He is," "he's." "She is," "she's." "It is," "it's." "I am not." "I am not." "You are not," "you aren't." "We are not," "we aren't." "They are not," "they aren't." "He is not," "he isn't." "She is not," "she isn't." You can contract the pronoun and the verb "to be," but you can also contract the verb "to be" and the word "not." So you can say "he is not," or you can say "he isn't." How to ask a question with the verb "to be"? Asking a question is quite easy. We simply put the verb "to be" before the pronoun. That is, we swap the first two words. For example, "It is good." "It is good." If we swap the first two words, "Is it good?" "Is it good?" This is already a question. "You are a teacher." "You are a teacher." To ask a question, we swap the two words. "Are you a teacher?" But remember, you cannot use a regular verb and the verb "to be" together in one sentence. This is incorrect. And in the next lessons, we will cover the past and future tenses. The future tense in English is called "future simple." "Future" means future, "simple" means simple. The future tense is actually really simple in English. To say that we will do something, we add the word "will" before the verb. The word "will" itself means will. But if you put it next to a verb, the verb is in the future tense. For example, "I work" means "I work." "I will work," "I will work." "We work." "We work." "We will work." "We will work." "He works." "He works." "He will work." "He will work." "She works." "She works." "She will work." "She will work." "It works." "It works." "It will work." "It will work." "I eat." "I eat." "I will eat." "I will eat." "I write." "I write." "I will write." "I will write." The future tense is easy because there are no exceptions. That is, for the entire future tense, you use only one structure. Subject, the auxiliary word "will," and the verb. Separately, we need to mention the verb "to be" in the future tense. It sounds like "will be." "Be" means to be. "Will be" means "I will be" or "I will become." For example, "I will be in Moscow tomorrow." "I will be in Moscow tomorrow." "We will be in New York City on Monday." "We will be in New York City on Monday." How to say that we will not do something? For this, we use "will not," or as it is often shortened, "won't." "I won't." "I will write," "I won't write." "He won't understand." "He won't understand you." "I will do it." "I will do it." "I won't do it." "You won't do it." "We won't do it." How to ask a question in the future tense? You just need to put the word "will" before the subject. The subject is the one performing the action. For example, "You will do it." "You will do it." And to ask, we put "will" before the subject. "Will you do it for me?" "Will you do it for me?" "You will play with us." "You will play with us." "Will you play with us?" "Will you play with us?" "He will understand." "He will understand." "Will he understand?" "Will he understand?" "They will be in America." "They will be in America." "Will they be in America?" "Will they be in America?" Let's summarize. The future tense is characterized by the word "will." We put the word "will" before the verb to say that we will do something. There are no exceptions in the future tense. The verb in the future tense sounds like "will be." To ask a question in the future tense, we put the word "will" before the subject. To say that we will not do something in the future tense, we say "won't" instead, which is a contraction of two words: "will" and "not." And in the next lesson, we will cover the past tense. Congratulations. If you have watched up to this lesson, you have already made great progress in mastering English grammar. But grammar is only one aspect of the language. It also includes listening - how you perceive speech by ear. Vocabulary and the most important speaking practice. For this course, you can learn all the grammar of conversational English. But if you want to work on the other aspects, of course, you can do it yourself. But if you do it with a teacher, with a mentor, it will save you a lot of nerves, time, and you will avoid most beginner mistakes. If you feel that you need help in learning the language and you want to study with a teacher, you can do it through my online school Desher. You can sign up for me or for the teachers of my school through our website, the link will be in the description, or through Instagram, the link will also be in the description. And the last channel of communication is Telegram. As you guessed, I will also leave the link in the description. Thank you for your attention. You can continue watching your course. The past tense of the English language. Past simple. Past simple. "Past" means past. "Present" means present. "Future" means future. Let's turn to the Russian language. How is the past tense formed in Russian? I will now name words, and you put them into the past tense. To know, to play, to want. In Russian, in the past tense, they sound like "knew," "wanted," "played." That is, this ending "l." In English, it's the same, only instead of "l," we put the ending "ed." So, "I live" is "I live." "I lived" is "I lived." "I want" is "I want," "I wanted" is "I wanted." "I play." "I play." "I played." "I played." The ending. This letter that looks like the Russian "e." In fact, it is the English "e." "I watch." "I watch." "I watched." "I watched." And for all pronouns, we simply add the ending. There are no additional rules for now. "I watched." "I watched." "He watched." "He watched." "We watched." "We watched." "I watched a film." "I watched a film." How to say that we did not do something in the past tense? In the present tense, we used the auxiliary word "don't," for example, "I don't play." "I don't play." And "I didn't play" in the past tense. We say "didn't." This is a contraction of two words: "did not." "I didn't." "I didn't play." "I didn't play." "You didn't play." "You didn't play." "He didn't play." "He didn't play." Sasha. Sasha didn't watch the film. To ask a question, in the present tense, we used the auxiliary word "do" for questions. For example, "Do you speak English?" "Do you speak English?" To ask a question in the past tense, we use the auxiliary word "did." "Did you speak English?" "Did you speak English?" An important point, this ending "ed" is added to the verb, for example, "live" means "to live," and "lived," it is added to the verb only in affirmative statements. That is, if we ask a question or say that we did not do something, this ending is no longer added. In simple terms, wherever there is the word "did" or "didn't," we do not change the verb anymore. The verb will be in the present tense. So, "You lived in America" is an affirmative statement. We are basically saying, "You lived in America." We ask a question: "Did you live in America?" "I didn't live in America." There is one nuance in the past tense. It is called irregular verbs. Irregular verbs may seem like a difficult topic at first, but in reality, you get used to them quickly. They have a certain logic, a pattern. In short, it's not as scary as it might seem. We agreed that we add "ed" to the verb in the past tense, for example, "play" - to play. "Played" - played. But there are verbs to which we do not add "ed." In total, there are about 200 of them, but we will need about 30. For example, the verb "go." In the past tense, it sounds like "went." "I went." "We went." "They went." Now ask a question: did you go, for example, did you go to school? I'll give two options: "Did you go" or "Did you went?" "Did you go to school?" "Did you went to school?" We say, "Did you go to school?" because in questions and negatives, we do not use the past form of the verb, we use the present form of the verb. Another example, the verb "see." In the past, it sounds like "saw." "I saw." "You saw." "We saw." "I didn't see." "You didn't see." Another irregular verb. "Do" - to do. "I did." "I did." "You did." "You did." "We did." "We did." And how to ask a question? "Did you do?" There might be some confusion, but we use the word "do" both as a regular verb "to do" and when asking a question. When we ask a question, we simply put it at the beginning of the sentence. And thus, we understand that this word is for the question. "Do you do?" Literally translates as "What do you do?" Well, usually when they ask "to do," they mean a profession, like, what do you do for a living. "Was" and "were" are two very important words in the English language. Although we briefly touched upon them in the lesson on Past Simple, I decided to dedicate a separate lesson to them because, well, they are very important. "Was" means "was" (singular), "were" means "were" (plural), so "was" for one, "were" for many. Where do we use these words? Just like in Russian, "was," "were," right? They have a simple meaning. But let's first recall what the verb "to be" is. We will often recall the verb "to be" because it is the most important verb in the English language. The verb "to be" literally means "to be," "to exist," "to be." In English, there are two types of sentences. Sentences with actions. For example, "I live," "we want," "they play." "Sasha knows." That is, sentences in which there is a verb. A verb is a word that answers the question, "what to do," "what to do." Well, it denotes an action. Any action is a verb. In English, there are two types of sentences: with verbs and without verbs. Sentences with verbs are built very simply. You just name the subject: I, you, he, she, Sasha, Masha, John, and the action. Here is a simple example of such a sentence. For example, "I live in Moscow." "I live in Moscow." It coincides with Russian. Sentences without actions. For example, "I am a teacher." "I am a teacher." Here there is already a discrepancy. In English, if there is no verb, we always say "is." They always say: "I am a teacher." "I am a teacher." This is an article. We will discuss articles a little later. In Russian, there was once a verb "to be" in the present tense, but now there isn't. But in Russian, the verb "to be" remains in the past tense: "was," "were." And in English, it also exists. That is, this verb "to be" "am," "is," "are." In the past tense, it sounds like "was," "were." "I was," "I was." "We were," "we were." "I was," "he was," "she was," "it was." "You were." "You were" and "you were." In English, it's the same word. "You" means both "you" (singular) and "you" (plural), but it is always used with "were." So all words used with "you" are plural. So they always address in the plural. "You were," "we were," "we were." "They were," "they were." Let's repeat. "I was," "I was." "He was," "he was." "She was," "she was." "It was." "It was." "You were." "You were" or "you were"? "We were," "we were." "They were," "they were." How to ask a question with the verb "to be" in the past tense? Just like in the present. For example, "He is a doctor." "He is a doctor." How to ask a question? We put the verb "to be" in the first place, that is, we swap the first two words to form a question with the verb. "He is a doctor." "He is a doctor." "Is he a doctor?" "Is he a doctor?" This is already a question. "He is a doctor." And the same with the verb in the past tense with the words "was" and "were." For example, "He was in Moscow." "He was in Moscow." To ask a question: "Was he in Moscow?" "Was he in Moscow?" "You were my friend." "You were my friend." When we ask a question, we swap the first two words. And we get: "Were you my friend?" "Were you my friend?" That's all. Negation in the past tense with the verb "to be." In the present tense, "He is my friend." "He is my friend." Literally, "He is my friend," and "He is not my friend." "He is not my friend." "Is not" is contracted as "isn't." "He was my friend." "He was my friend." "He was not my friend." "He was not my friend." "Was not" is contracted as "wasn't." "You were not my friend." "You weren't my friend." Today we will talk about adjectives. Adjectives are a part of speech that answers the question: what kind, what kind, what kind, what kind. They come before nouns. Nouns are words that answer the question "who" or "what." For example, "a big house." "Big" in this case is an adjective. Big. "Small" - small. "Rich" - rich. "Old" - old. "Young" - young. "Happy" - happy. "Great" - great. How to say, "It is a big cat"? "It is a big cat." How to say, "He is a rich man"? "He is a rich man." Now let's talk about degrees of comparison of adjectives. To say that one adjective is bigger or smaller or stronger or weaker than another, we add the ending "er" to the adjective. So, if we want to say that Elon Musk is richer than Bill Gates, we will say it as follows. "Elon Musk is richer than Bill Gates." "Than" means, do not confuse it with the other word "then." They are both pronounced the same, but "than," which we write with an "a," means "than." "Then," which we write with an "e," means "after." "Russia is bigger than the USA." "Russia is bigger than the USA." Note that in some cases, if the adjective ends in a consonant, that consonant is doubled. "Germany is smaller than Canada." "Germany is smaller than Canada." "I am younger than John." "I am younger than John." If we want to say that something is the same, well, that two adjectives are at the same level, here we use the word "like," which we already know. "Like" means similar, or "as." It can also mean "to like," but with adjectives, it means "the same as" or "as." For example, "He is as tall as his father." "He is tall like his father." "She is as beautiful as her mother." "She is beautiful like her mother." If we want to say that someone is the strongest, the richest, or the oldest, or the youngest, instead of the ending "er," we add the ending "est." And we use the definite article before the adjective. For example, "Elon Musk is the richest man in America." "Elon Musk is the richest man in America." "My grandfather is the oldest man in our family." "My grandfather is the oldest man in our family." "Vatican is the smallest country." "Vatican is the smallest country." Important point. We can only add the endings "er" and "est" to adjectives that consist of one syllable. A syllable is a vowel sound. So, in short, these are short adjectives. "Big," "small," "rich," "young," in which there is only one vowel. And what we do with adjectives that consist of two or more syllables, I will tell you in the next video. If an adjective consists of two or more syllables, we do not add the ending "er" or "est" for comparison. If you don't understand what I'm talking about, you need to watch the first part. I explain adjectives in detail there. This is just a continuation of that video. Let's take long adjectives. "Important" - important. "Expensive" - expensive. "Beautiful" - beautiful. "Handsome" - handsome. "Comfortable" - comfortable. For example, I want to say that love is more important than work. To emphasize a long adjective, we use the word "more" before the adjective. "More" means "more" or "more." So, "love is more important than work" in English will sound like "love is more important than work." "Love is more important than work." If we want to say that Sasha is more beautiful than Masha, "Sasha is more beautiful than Masha." "BMW is more expensive than Suzuki." "BMW is more expensive than Suzuki." If we want to say that something is the most expensive, or the most important, or the most comfortable, here, instead of "more," we use the definite article and the word "most." For example, "Masha is the most beautiful girl in school." "Masha is the most beautiful girl in the school." "My room is the most comfortable in our house." "My room is the most comfortable in our house." Let's also look at exceptions. "Good" - good, "better" - better, "the best" - the best. "Bad" - bad, "worse" - worse, "the worst" - the worst. "Far" - far, "further" - further, "the furthest" - the furthest. "Little" - little, "less" - less, "the least" - the least.

Many or much? A lot. More, more. The most, most of all. To say that something is somewhere, we use the phrase "there is" or "there are." Now let's break them down in order. In Russian, we have sentences that often begin with an indication of place. For example, "In America, there are many tourists." We instinctively want to say in English, starting the sentence with "In America." But they don't say it that way. In English, when you want to say that something exists somewhere, we say "there is" or "there are." Then we name who or what, and then at the end of the sentence, we say where. That is, words that indicate place or time in English are moved to the end of the sentence. So, the sentence "In America, there are many tourists" will sound like "There are a lot of tourists in America." "There is" is if there is only one thing somewhere. "There are" if there is a lot of something. For example, "In the forest, there is a wolf." Remembering the logic, if in Russian the sentence begins with an indication of place, in English we use "there is" or "there are." "There is a wolf in the forest." In English, they say, "There is a wolf." In the forest, "there" literally means "there." "Is" or "are" means "is," "exists," "is," "exists." Then we name who or what, and at the end, we name the place. Even such a simple sentence as "Money in the bag," we will say in English: "There is money in the bag." When I said at the beginning of the video that in Russian sentences begin with an indication of place, and in English they begin with "there is" or "there are," it doesn't mean that all sentences in Russian will begin with an indication of place. And all such sentences in English begin with "there are." In Russian, a sentence can also begin with an indication of the object, for example, "An apple on the table." Well, in English, it's still better to say "There is an apple on the table." Even if you want to say that you have keys in your pocket, you also need to say it through "there is" or "there are." "There are keys in my pocket." How to ask questions? "There is" or "there are"? To ask a question, you just need to put "is" or "are" before "there." Well, swap the first two words, as we did with the verb. For example, "In the forest, there is a wolf." "There is a wolf in the forest." To turn this into a question. "Is there a wolf in the forest?" "In America, there are many tourists." Let's turn this into a question. "In St. Petersburg, there are many bridges." St. Petersburg. Petersburg is read as "St. Petersburg" in English, what we have as Peter, they have it as Pir. Let's ask a question. "In St. Petersburg, there are many bridges." "There are many bridges in Petersburg." How to say that something is not somewhere? Here we also need the phrase "there is" or "there are." In the negative, it sounds like "there isn't" or "there aren't." For example, "In the forest, there is no wolf." "There isn't a wolf in the forest." "In America, there are no tourists." "There aren't tourists in America." Well, in America, of course, there are tourists. Even in North Korea, there are. How would we say, "There are tourists in North Korea" or "There are many tourists in North Korea"? Try it yourself. "There are a lot of tourists in North Korea." Let's take this sentence again: "There is a wolf in the forest." The article "the" is usually placed before a place. The only thing is that you cannot put an article before cities and proper names. The article "a" indicates that it is one thing. Notice, in the sentence "There are wolves in the forest," we no longer put the article "a" before the word "wolves" because "a" is an indicator of one, one thing. Today I will tell you about the possessive case in English. It is called the possessive case. In Russian, we have six cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, instrumental, prepositional. In English, there is only one, called the possessive. And it answers the question "whose?" For example, you want to say: "This is John's car." Whose car? John's. For this, we simply add an apostrophe to the name John and the ending "s." "It is John's car." In English, they put the owner before the object of possession. If we, for example, want to say: "This is my mother's bag." In English, it sounds like: "This is my mother's bag." "It is my mother's bag." There is another way to say this, but it is considered not entirely correct, but it is also used. The preposition. It is mistakenly read as "of." It is not "of." It is read as "uh." The correct pronunciation. You can put the preposition before the owner, i.e., "It is a car of John," this is John's car, or "It is John's car." The second option with an apostrophe "s" is considered correct for people. That is, if we are talking about people, it is better to use an apostrophe and "s." And if we are talking about inanimate objects, for example, "This is the apartment door." "It is a door of the apartment." The apartment is inanimate, so we add to it. And if we want to say, "This is my friend's cat," "It is my friend's cat." So, to show the owner, we add an apostrophe and "s" to the ending. Here are the following examples. "It is Sasha's phone." This is Sasha's phone. "It is John's house." This is John's house. "It is Donald's bag." This is Donald's bag. And if we want to say "This is the house window," then it is better to say "It is a window of the house." Note that if we use the preposition, the word order is the same as in Russian. "This is the house window." Of what? Of the house. So, this preposition "of," after it, the word answers the question "of what?" or "of whom?" We also need to learn possessive pronouns. My - mine. Your - yours. His - his. Her - hers. Our - ours. Their - theirs. Its - its. Note that "its" as a possessive pronoun is written without an apostrophe. If you write "it's" with an apostrophe, it literally means "it is." And if you write "its" without an apostrophe, it means "its." Object pronouns. Object pronouns answer the question "to whom" or "whom." Let's break them down. Me - me or me. You - does not change. He - means him or to him or his. Her - her or to her. Us - us or to us, rhymes with "us." Them - also rhymes. Them or to them. It - does not change. It means to it or it. Let's look at examples. "Help me." "I told you." "Speak to him." "Ask her." "Stay with us." "Go to them." Do not confuse possessive and object pronouns. For example, "his car," his car. Possessive pronouns answer the question "whose?" Object pronouns answer the question "to whom" or "whom." After a possessive pronoun, another noun always follows. For example, "his car" - his car. "I know him." I know him. So, do you feel the difference? "His car." In Russian, both sound like "his," but in English, they are two different words. "His," which answers the question "whose," is "his." "Him," which answers the question "whom," for example, "I know him" or "I don't know him," is "him." Object pronouns answer the question "to whom" or "whom." Possessive pronouns answer the question "whose." In Russian, there are only three tenses: present, past, and future. In English, there are four present, four past, and four future tenses. Total complexities: 12. Fortunately, we only use four or five. The rest are purely theoretical. Today I will teach you the most popular tense in English. It is called the present continuous. We have already learned one present tense. It is called Present Simple. This is when we talk about our lives, our hobbies, our daily routines. For example, "I live in New York." "I don't like ice cream." Yes, so some general facts. And if we are doing something right now, it's actually very simple. We say, "I am." Plus a verb with an "-ing" ending. For example, "I am working." I am working right now. That is, in Russian, we add the phrase "right now," and in English, we use the verb "to be" plus the "-ing" ending. For example, "She is sleeping now." "Sasha is resting now." "Rest" means to rest. And if she is resting right now? "Sasha is resting." "We are traveling now." "They are watching a film now." So, there is nothing complicated. Pronoun: I, you, he, she, or they. Plus the verb "to be." If you don't remember the verb "to be," I strongly recommend rewatching my video about the verb "to be." Plus a verb with an "-ing" ending. How would you say: "I am speaking now." "I am speaking." If you are doing something right now, we use "to be" plus a verb with an "-ing" ending. How to say that we are not doing something? Simply add the word "not" to the verb. "I am speaking now." "I am not speaking now." "They are watching a film now." "They are not watching a film now." "They aren't watching a film now." And how to ask a question? To ask a question, you need to put the verb "to be" at the beginning of the sentence. "You are resting." You are resting now. To ask a question, you need to swap "you are." "Are you resting?" Are you resting now? "We are traveling." We are traveling. And how to ask a question? "Are we traveling?" Sometimes present continuous can be used to say that we will do something in the future. Well, just like in Russian. For example, "I am flying to New York." This is the present tense in Russian, right? And if you say, "I am flying to New York tomorrow," then it is already the future tense. And in English, it's the same. "I am going to New York." This means I am going to New York right now. And if we say "I am going to New York tomorrow," it's the same as in Russian, meaning I am flying to New York, but tomorrow. So, the future tense can also be indicated through the present. For example, "I am having a party next week." There is also a cool trick: you can indicate the future tense through the present continuous. This is the phrase "going to." If you say "I am going to" and add a verb without an "-ing" ending, just the verb, it means that we are planning to do it, that these are our plans. For example, "I'm going to visit my grandma." I am going to visit my grandma, or I will visit my grandma, meaning I have such plans, I don't guarantee it, but I want to do it. "We are going to play football." We are going to play football. And if we want to ask someone about their plans, for example, is someone going to come to visit us tomorrow? "Are you going to come tomorrow?" Are you going to come tomorrow? So, "going to" plus a verb is the future tense, and in other cases, it means that we are doing something right now. For example, "I am filming a video." I am filming a video now. "Going to" can also be shortened to "gonna," so "I'm going to visit my grandma" or "I'm gonna visit my grandma." So, "going to" can be shortened to "gonna." We use Past Continuous to say that an action in the past was ongoing. I will give examples now. In Russian, it also exists, by the way. In Russian, this Past Continuous is known as the imperfective aspect of the verb. It may not be exactly the same, but the imperfective aspect of the verb is very similar to the English continuous. In Russian, there are two aspects of verbs: perfective and imperfective. The perfective answers the question "what did you do?" meaning a completed action. For example, "I finished." I finished. This is the simple past tense in English, where the "-ed" ending is used if the verbs are regular. And if they are irregular, it's the second form of the verb. The imperfective aspect of the verb answers the question "what were you doing?" I was finishing. Compare these two words. I finished, I was finishing. Which one seems to take longer to complete? I think the second one - "was finishing." That is, you were finishing, and then something happened, and perhaps you didn't manage to finish. In short, such long actions in the past are called Past Continuous. Let's look at examples. "I was working when you called me." I was working, working, and hadn't finished working when you called me. The difference between Past Continuous and Simple Past Tense is that it's unclear whether the action was completed or not; we focus on the process rather than the result. Another example. "When I came home, mom was cooking dinner." When I came home, mom was cooking dinner. So, it's unclear whether she finished or not when I arrived. Past Continuous is mainly used in sentences in two cases: when there are words like "when." This means "when," only "when." Not as a question, but as a clarifying word. That is, "when I was playing, you called me," "when I came home, it started to rain." Well, in such cases, "when." And the second case, how we can understand that it is Past Continuous, is if the exact time of the action is indicated. For example, "I was reading a book. Yesterday at 6." God forbid, of course, but there is such a memorization technique. Imagine you are being interrogated and asked what you were doing yesterday at 5:00? Or a different date and exact time is given. In such a case, it is more logical to use Past Continuous. Past Continuous in Russian answers the question "what were you doing?" It is an unfinished action. And, as a rule, either the exact time is indicated, or the word "when." A couple more examples. "We were playing when it started to rain." We were playing when it started to rain. That is, the rain started, and at that moment, we were playing. The formula for Past Continuous is as follows: pronoun, or any name. The verb "to be" in the past tense is "was" or "were." "Was" for the singular. "I was," "he was," "she was," "it was." "Were" for the plural. "You were," "we were," "they were." I also remind you that the word "you" in English always exists in the plural. Simply put, they don't have the singular "you," they only have the plural "you." Well, the singular "thou" does exist in English. It sounds like "thou," but no one uses it anymore; it's archaic. Perhaps you can only find it in the Bible now. The formula for Past Continuous is: person plus the verb "to be" in the past tense "was" or "were" and a verb with an "-ing" ending. How would you say: "I was writing an essay, you didn't finish, you were just writing." "I was writing an essay." To ask a question in Past Continuous, you just need to swap the first two words. For example, "He was playing football." "He was playing football." Was he playing football? Were you playing football? And the negative. You need to add the word "not" to the past tense verb. For example, "I was not playing football." "I wasn't playing football." "You were not playing football." "You weren't playing football." How to ask for something? How to say that we must do something? How to say that we can do something and that we cannot do something? To learn to say this, we need modal verbs. Let's break down five. Can - can. Could - could or could have. Should - should. Must - must. May - may. How to say, "I can speak English"? "I can." "Speak English." "I can speak English." Modal verbs are five special verbs in English. There are a couple more, but these five are the main ones. What is their peculiarity? First of all, they do not change according to tense. That is, the word "can" will always be "can." We cannot say "will can" or change it in any way. So, "can" is always "can." You cannot add any endings to it or anything like that. Next, there is a rule in English. If two verbs follow each other, for example, "I like to play," we use the connector "to" between them. "I like to play." I like to play. The connector "to" is between two verbs. After modal verbs, we do not use such a connector. We say directly, for example, "I can work." "I can work." "I must work." "I must work." "I should work." "I should work." "I may work." "I may work." "I could work." "I could work." How to say that we cannot do something, should not, should not, or are not allowed to? Very simple. Just add "not" to the modal verb. "I cannot work." "I can't work." "I could not work." "I couldn't work." "I may not work." "I may not work." "I should not work." "I shouldn't work." "I must not work." "I must not work." How to ask a question with modal verbs? With these five verbs. Even simpler. Put the modal verb at the beginning of the sentence. Like with the verb "to be," for example, "You can speak English." This means it's a statement, you can speak English. To ask a question, we put the word "can" at the beginning. "Can you speak English?" "Could you help me?" "Could you help me?" "I cannot help you." "I can't help you." "You cannot help me." "You can't help me." These three prepositions often cause confusion for students. Today I will tell you where to use them. "At," "on," "in." This is the first part of the video about prepositions. There will be a second part. Today we will cover the use of these three prepositions with place, with location. "In." "In" means "in," for example, "in the box," "in the car," "in the house." "In" means inside something. "In" is used with cities and countries. For example, "in Moscow," "in London," "in Washington," "in New York," "in America," "in Canada," "in France," "in Italy." "On." "On" means "on." It is used when we talk about some surface, for example, "on the table," "a pencil is on the table." And it is used when we talk about streets. For example, "Sherlock Holmes lives on Baker Street." This preposition is more interesting. In Russian, there is no such preposition. In English, it is a universal preposition of location. When you want to say that you are in the hospital, at the airport, at the hotel, or anywhere else, you say "at." Theoretically, you can say, for example, "I am in the hospital," but "in" means directly inside. Four walls around you, and then you would say "I am in," when you need to emphasize this. But if you don't need to emphasize that you are inside and there are four walls around you, you say "at." Mostly, people say "at." "I'm at the hospital," "I'm at the airport," "I'm at the hotel." So, "at" is used with some buildings, "on" with streets, "in" with countries and cities. And the separate meanings of these prepositions are: "in" - inside, "on" - on a surface, "at" - near, by something. The second part of the video about prepositions: "at," "on," "in." These three prepositions cause a lot of confusion. If you haven't watched the previous video, the first part of this video, please watch it; it will help you understand. Today I will teach you how to use these prepositions when we talk about time. "In" is used with years and months. For example, "in 1998." In English, dates are read in pairs of digits. That is, in Russian it is 1998, they say "nineteen ninety-eight." For example, "in 1754." "In 1754." "In" is also used with months. For example, I was born in August, let's say. "I was born in August." "My friend was born in September." "In" is also used with morning, afternoon, and evening. "In the morning," "in the afternoon," "in the evening." "On." "On" is used only with days. And it doesn't matter if it's a day of the week or September 21st. If we are talking about one specific day, we say "on." For example, "I work on Monday." "But I don't work on Tuesday." "I don't work on Christmas." In Russian, we say "on Monday," "on Christmas," "on Tuesday." In English, we say "on Monday," "on Tuesday," "on Christmas." "At" - the easiest. Okay, I'm lying, it's not the easiest; they are all about the same. "At" is used with hours, for example, "at 7:00," "at 9:00," "at 10:00." "At" is used with night. "At night," and also with midnight. "At midnight." "Midnight" is midnight, "night" is night. To summarize, "in" is used with years, months, morning, afternoon, and evening. "On" is used only with days. The easiest, "at," is used with hours and night. Articles. Articles are quite an important thing in English. They determine how grammatically correct we are. This is a very deep topic, but I will briefly explain it to you in this video. My name is Zubair. I have been teaching English since 2016. I speak six languages. There are three articles in English. Let's first break down "a" and "an." Articles are particles placed before nouns. Articles are placed only before nouns. A noun is a part of speech that answers the question "who" or "what." For example, "beautiful" is a noun. No, it's an adjective. "Beautiful." What kind of beautiful? "Drink" is a noun. It can be. "Drink" means both to drink and a drink. How to determine if it's a drink or to drink? If there is an article before it, it means it's a drink. "A" and "an" are used only before singular nouns. That is, for example, "a drink" means one drink. Generally, wherever we can say "one," wherever we can name the number "one," we should put the article "a" or "an." We put "a" before singular nouns that begin with a consonant. Consonant letters are D, T, K, P, yes? That is, sounds that we cannot, that we cannot sing. For example, A, O, U are vowel sounds. T, K, P are consonants. So, "a" is placed before nouns, before one thing, if it starts with a consonant. For example, "I have a car." "An." "An" is used similarly before a singular noun, but if it starts with a vowel, for example, "apple." We say "an apple." "I am eating an apple now." And, frankly, it's easier to say "an apple" than "a apple." That is, you have to interrupt your breath. The article "the" is a bit more interesting. "The" is also placed before nouns, but it can also be placed before plural nouns. "The" is used with nouns that we have mentioned before, or with something special that has some relation to the conversation, something that we have mentioned before. For example, if I say, "My tooth hurts, I went to the hospital," and I say, "I need a dentist." This means I need any dentist. It doesn't matter. If I say, "I need the dentist," they will ask me for the name, because I mean a specific dentist whom I have either mentioned before or who has some relation to me. So, "the" is something special. We always put "the" before something special. If it's not special, we say "a" or "an." What about plural nouns? It's simple too. If it's something special, you put "the" article. If it's something ordinary, for example, you want two cars, any two cars, meaning I need two cars, right? "I need two cars." You don't put any articles; you just say, "I need two cars," and that's it. Generally, you could record several hours of lessons about articles. There are quite a few exceptions. There are some not entirely logical moments, but I suggest discussing them in more detail in the lessons. As for the main information about articles, it was presented in this video. Following these rules from the video, you will solve 99% of your problems with articles. Present Perfect. Many students have problems with this tense. Many study English for years and still don't understand where to use this tense. In this video, I will teach you and answer all the questions you have had. In short, Present Perfect will cease to be such a mystery for you. Present Perfect literally translates as "present completed tense." Completed from the word "to complete." It answers the question: "what did you do?" For example, "I have watched a film." "I have finished my homework." We can simply say "I finished my homework," or we can say "I have finished my homework." What is the difference between them? In Russian, in fact, there is no difference at all. In Russian, both sentences translate as: "I have done my homework." But in English, there is a difference. Generally, if we speak in the simple past tense, if you don't know what the past tense is, go back to the Past Simple lesson and watch it. In the simple past tense, we simply added an ending to the verb. "Finish" means to finish. "Finished" - finished. "I finished my homework." I finished my homework. But in the simple past tense, it is desirable to indicate when we did it. For example, "I finished my homework yesterday." I finished my homework yesterday. Simply put, if you say that you did something in the past and indicate when you did it, you use the simple past tense. If you don't indicate when you did it, but focus on the action itself, then you use Present Perfect, that is, the additional word "have." How is Present Perfect formed? It is formed with the help of the additional word "have" and the past participle of the verb. And if it's an irregular verb, then the third form of the verb. You can find a complete table of irregular verbs in my Telegram. I will leave the link in the description. For example, "I have eaten." "I have eaten." "You have eaten." "We have eaten." "They have eaten." To say that he has eaten, we say "he has eaten." "She has eaten." How to say that we haven't done something in the present? Very simple. We just say. "I haven't eaten." "You haven't eaten." "We haven't eaten." "They haven't eaten." "He hasn't eaten," "she hasn't eaten." How to ask a question in Present Perfect? To ask a question in Present Perfect, you need to bring the word "have" to the beginning of the sentence. For example, "Have you finished?" "Have you finished?" "Have you bought a new car?" "Have you bought a new car?" Present Perfect is also used with these three words, markers. "Just," "already," "yet." "Just" means "just now." For example, "I have just finished." I have just finished. "Already." "Already" means "already." For example, "They have left already." They have already left. "I have eaten already." I have already eaten. "Yet." "Yet" means "yet." For example, "I haven't finished yet." I haven't finished yet. "They haven't left yet." They haven't left yet. The word "yet," if used in a question, can also mean "already." "Have they left yet?" Have they left yet? "Has he arrived yet?" Has he arrived yet? "He hasn't arrived yet." He hasn't arrived yet. Present Perfect, Part 2. I remind you that Present Perfect is a tense used to say that we have done something. In Russian, there is only one past tense. "I came," "I finished," "I watched," "I ate," and so on. In English, there is the simple past tense. For example, "I finished my homework," I finished my homework. And "I have finished my homework," I have finished my homework. Both sound the same in Russian. But if we indicate when we did it, we say, "I finished my homework yesterday." For example, yesterday. If we don't indicate when we did it, it's better to use Present Perfect. "I have finished my homework." Present Perfect is used to describe your experience, to show that the information we are currently sharing, what we are talking about now, is relevant at the moment, that we need to focus on the action itself. This is the second part of the video about Present Perfect. If you don't know Present Perfect, I recommend going back and watching the first part of the video about Present Perfect. Today we will cover two additional points using Present Perfect. The first is "have been to." To say that we have visited somewhere, we use the phrase "I have been to." For example, "I have been to New York." Although you might want to say, "I was in New York." In English, it will be "in." With Present Perfect, we say. "I have been to New York." "You have been to New York." "We have been to New York." And how to say, "He has been to New York"? "He has been to New York." "She has been to New York." How to ask, "Have you been to New York?" "Have you been to New York?" "I have not been to New York." "I haven't been to New York." "You have not been to New York?" "You haven't been to New York?" In general, this is the only thing we need to pay attention to when using the verb "to be" in Present Perfect. We simply say "been to" instead of "been in." Theoretically, you can say "I have been in." But then we are not talking about cities, but rather about some establishments, shops, or restaurants. But mostly, people say "I have been to," for example, "I have been to America," "I have been to Canada," etc. "etc." means "and so on." This is a Latinism that has migrated into the English language. When we want to ask, "Have you ever?" This is also asked through the present. The question sounds like this: "Have you ever?" "Ever" means "ever." When we ask a question in Present Perfect, we bring "have" to the beginning of the sentence. So we get: "Have you ever?" For example, "Have you ever been to Paris?" Have you ever been to Paris? "Have you ever been to Moscow?" Have you ever been to Moscow? How to say that we have never been to Moscow, for example? "I have never been to Moscow." And how to ask, "Have you ever been to Manchester?" "Have you ever been to Manchester?" And how would you say in English: "I have been living in New York for 10 years." If you thought of "I live in New York for 10 years" or "I am living in New York for 10 years," that's correct. But before we start, my name is Zubair. I have been teaching English since 2016, and I speak six languages myself. To say that we have been doing something for a certain amount of time, when we want to show our experience, we use the following construction: "have been" plus a verb with an "-ing" ending. This tense is called Present Perfect Continuous. In Russian, it is present, perfect, continuous. It is used only in one case, when you want to say that you have been doing something for a certain amount of time. For example, "I am reading a book." This means I am reading a book now. But if you want to say that you have been reading a book for 2 hours, you should say it as follows: "I have been reading a book for two hours." Why "for"? The fact is that in English, when we talk about duration of time, we always use this word "for." In this case, it translates as "during." That is, I have been reading this book for 2 hours or throughout 2 hours. Of course, you can replace the word "for" with the word "during," but essentially they are the same. "For" is shorter and more common. If you choose between a long or short word, always choose the short one. Another example. "I have been living in New York for 10 years." "I have been living in New York City for 10 years." "We have been doing sports for 6 years." "We have been doing sport for six years." In Russian, this tense sounds like: "I have been doing something for so long." We don't translate this word "already." It remains in Russian, but is omitted in English. If we say that he or she has been doing something for a certain amount of time, we say "he has." That is, instead of "have," we say "has" for the three pronouns: he, she, it. "She has been washing the dishes for 20 minutes." "She has been washing the dishes for 20 minutes." "He has been playing football for two hours." "He has been playing football for two hours." To ask a question, as a rule, only one question is asked in Present Perfect Continuous: how long have you been doing something? We use the following construction. "How long?" How long or for how long? "How long have you been" or "have we been" or "has he been?" And plus the "-ing" ending. For example, I want to ask: "How long have you been learning English?" "How long have you been learning English?" "I have been learning English for 10 years." "I have been learning English for 10 years." By the way, I have been teaching English for 10 years. English. Congratulations, you have finished the course "English Grammar for Beginners" to the end. What can you do next to deepen your knowledge of English? Every day you can learn words on your own, either through an app, a dictionary, or even through ChatGPT, as you prefer, and based on the learned words, compose sentences, practice them every day, try to speak with people, applying the grammar you have learned in these videos. This is one way. The second way: you can study with professional teachers. And my online school "Desher" can help you with this. We will find a teacher for you, or you can study with me. In our online lessons, we will work not only on grammar but also on other aspects of the language: speaking, listening, learn thousands of new words, and teach you to speak English to the fullest extent. If you are interested in the second option, then follow the link that I will leave in the description. Ah.