Transcription
Fascism is an extremely extreme and violent ideology that caused the death of millions of Jews during the Nazi era. But why did fascism appear? What is fascism? In the video, "Day Today," let's find out, guys.
Fascism was born after the end of World War I. This is an ideology that, according to its initiator, Mr. Mussolini of Italy, and later Hitler of Germany, both believed is the best regime that overcomes all the disadvantages of capitalism and socialism. The word "fascist" in English is derived from "fascis" in Latin, from ancient Roman times. In Roman times, "fascis" is a symbol of a bundle of wood tied together to form a strong handle. It means that each piece of wood is very weak, but tied together, they will be very strong and sturdy. If they unite to form a strong handle, they will cut off all injustice.
In Germany, the symbol of fascism was inspired by the swastika, representing the ethnic Aryan people. They are considered the origin of Germanic civilization and a superior race to all other peoples in Europe, including Jews and Slavs. If you have watched the interesting German video about Hitler, then you know that Hitler was a genius orator, and Mussolini was no less, as he was once the editor-in-chief of a newspaper famous for his eloquence. These two characters stood up to call for and initiate a movement against the revolution.
The common idea was to unite and determine to make their country a strong empire. The first fascist movement was born in Italy under the leadership of Mussolini and was very quickly well received. Supporters, especially the capitalists, pumped a lot of money into the movement because, at that stage, communism was growing strongly, and the capitalists were very afraid that all their assets would be confiscated and turned over to the Central Bank.
To define fascism is actually very complicated and unclear because each country and each leader has a different type of fascism. Just as the five current socialist countries—Vietnam, China, and North Korea—are not the same, in general, fascism also has the following main characteristics.
First, fascism puts the interests of the country first. Their goal was very clear: to do everything to turn their country into a great, powerful empire. That is why fascism hated socialism so much because socialists believed that at some point, when people are aware of doing business as they please, management is unnecessary, and the state will disappear. The state was only established to manage, and now there is no need to manage. If not, then why do we need the state?
This is completely contradictory to fascism, where everyone must sacrifice personal interests to serve the country. For them, the country is also the life of each citizen. To achieve this goal, the Nazi state was very extreme and violent. For example, in Germany, they believed that the Aryan race was the superior race, and only those who belonged to it were the only ones that could help the country develop.
So, they sought to purify the country by destroying the people they considered inferior and weaker, such as the Jews and Slavs, as well as the disabled, homosexuals, and others. Those who disagreed and did not bring value would be exiled or deported. Only men could be brave as warriors, while women only needed to do their job well to become warriors of the Aryan lineage.
That's why Hitler supported abortion, especially of malformed, unhealthy fetuses or fetuses that did not carry Aryan blood, but abortion of healthy, Aryan-blooded fetuses was against the law. In addition to the challenge, German fascism also required all people to put personal interests below the national interest above all else.
That is why we have the second characteristic, which is the economy of fascism. The state-managed economy does not seize all wealth and central funds like socialism, but it also does not let the economy be free like capitalism. Instead, the state directed who produced what and how much, mainly goods needed for war, such as weapons, food, or medical equipment. Fascism also discouraged exports because that would lead to dependence on other countries. They aimed towards self-sufficiency because that would always be stable and sustainable.
The third characteristic is a regime led by one party. In Germany, it was Nazi Germany, and in Italy, it was fascist Italy. Fascism believes that having many leading parties is a decline in power, and only one party and one leader can always unify. From top to bottom, everyone is in agreement and can do great things.
He said that if one argues, nothing can be done, and therefore any organization or individual that goes against the direction or has opposing intentions will be forced by force and violence. In general, it will be very destructive. The fourth extreme characteristic of fascism is nationalism. Germany always propagated to encourage its people that their nation, the Aryan nation, was a superior nation.
So, in addition to the groups mentioned above, they must always try to be worthy of their national pride. The fifth characteristic is that fascists always believed that a great and powerful nation must demonstrate its strength through conquest and rule over weaker nations. Like Mussolini, he glorified military strength by disciplining obedience.
Loyal and brave, after coming to power, he ordered the invasion of Ethiopia, a poor country, but a disgrace to Italy because it had defeated this country. In revenge, Mussolini used planes, artillery, and even poison gas to attack a country that used only backward muskets, and then he declared the return of the Roman Empire.
In short, fascism is an extremism that puts the interests of the people first. The people below the national interest come first, with a leading party determined to change the great military empire to attack other countries to show their power. The economy is managed from the central level to every meal in every family.
Thank you for watching the video. Hello, and see you again.