"Sunni and Shi'a?" Featuring Shaykh Yasir Qadhi and Shaykh Mahdi Rastani

There's no way to really reconcile. This is where it gets personal in the sense it is very painful. Uh, you know, Kaman tonight is playing the role of Pakistan. So he >> wait, who's Trump here? What is that supposed to mean? Believe their version is right? Believe their version is right. They both can't be right. This is where the differences occur. I do not believe in this concept of Shia and Sunni being kind and friendly and cordial together only when there is a common enemy. >> What we have in common wall is much more than what we disagree. We might disagree about >> the wife of the messenger of Allah was involved in such and such deed. I don't even want to say this, brothers and sisters, from the level of our scholarship has always been rejected. But to claim that the senior companions intentionally disobeyed the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam, that is theologically problematic. It's not just politics anymore. Any action that brings about and fans the flames of sectarianism is forbidden. >> I want to start the conversation today for first thanking Sheekch Yaser, Sheekch Masti, uh thanking uh City of Knowledge and the Dallas youth group. Can we give a round round of applause for them? Every single person that is here today is here because of a label. And these labels, whether it be Sunni or Shia, right? They put us in, they give us this instinct to be against or distance from. The dialogue that is happening today is to collapse that distance and to bring forward this idea of a collective ummah. Matthew Shak Yaser, two years ago, we first had this conversation about doing an event like this. Um, what is the gravity of this conversation in the time and place that we're living in, and what do we hope to achieve by it?

>> Alhamdulillah. So much can be said. Time is always limited. 33 years ago, I had my first Sunni Shia dialogue. 33 years ago, but it wasn't a dialogue. It was a debate. Times were different. The world were different. And I didn't have any white hair. So, it was a much younger YQ. In the course of the last three decades, not only has the white hair come with a little bit of maybe wisdom and maturity, but the world circumstances, the rise of anti-Muslim bigotry, Islamophobia, the understanding that our situation in America requires us to break away from tendencies that might be common in other places. Whether they're good or bad, that's another question. But we here in this country have enough on our plates. We have enough to deal with. We have enough problems from other people so that we don't have to create problems from within. And so for me personally, my own trajectory, I hope inshallah has shown this. There are people in our communities, both of our communities, who don't want to see us sit on the same panel. I got hate mail and tweets and whatnot. I'm sure you did as well. Vulgar comments because of sitting on the same table. Isn't it high time that we demonstrate to you, to the people in this community, to the Muslims of America and maybe the Muslims of the world that we can disagree and still be civil? We don't have to see eye to eye on every single issue to realize that we have people that want to demolish both of our mosques. They want to ban both of our trends. They lump us together. Then why are we dividing amongst ourselves against them? So the the goal and the purpose for me is very clear. And that is mature dialogue. Nobody is saying that the differences don't exist. Nobody is saying that the differences are even trivial. They might be substantial. But in spite of those differences, what we have in common wall is much more than what we disagree, we might disagree about. So for the sake of our own children, for the sake of you, the future of this ummah, for the sake of our freedoms in this country, we need to reach a level of maturity, a disagreement that is civil and friendly and cordial, takes into account our histories and trajectories and our current context, and a collaboration and a cooperation that isn't just of temporary convenience. It is of understanding that actually we're in this together. We really are. We are in one family. This is the same family. And when families disagree, they will disagree. But when people from the outside want to destroy that family, families must unite because in the end of the day, there's a shared bond, a shared blood, a shared heritage. So we are united in that family. As our recited, we are united in the, we are united in the book of Allah. We are united in belief in so all other disagreements, I'm not saying make them disappear. I'm saying let us keep them in reality of what we agree upon. So the goal is very simple and that is mature dialogue, sensible dialogue in which we can figure out a mechanism of coming together for the greater greater good, even as we might at times at times separate organically for our personal issues. That's fine. But let us have those ties of kinship, those bonds of brotherhood and let us figure out a way that together we can be united family of Islam. First and foremost, I'm quite honored, uh, and happy to be with all of you, uh, tonight in this beautiful gathering. Special thanks to Noon. Special thanks to our dear Sheh Yaser who is here. I came in and I saw mashallah so many of our youth. So many young audience. The host is young. Mashallah. One scholar is young also. And then I saw the wise Yaser. May Allah bless him and his family inshallah. Um, before I get into a little bit about similar sentiments that she Yaser mentioned, I wanted to just mention a couple disclaimers, uh, inshallah regarding tonight's event, very similar along the lines of what Shikh Yaser mentioned. So obviously, this discussion, this dialogue is not meant to be a debate. Uh, leading up to this event, I had uncles coming up to me and they said, "Manabat, uh, we are praying for your debate." I said, "No, no, no. This is not this is not a debate. This is meant to be a dialogue. If it was a debate, I wouldn't even be here tonight, you know." And I think I can kind of say the same for our dear Sheh Yaser. So, it's meant to be a dialogue. And I hope that tonight, more than anything that I say or Sheh Yaser says, more than what we say standing out, I hope the way it's said, inshallah, stands out to you. That is the core message, the most important message of a night like this inshallah. And I want to add to that. I think what's also special about having these, uh, you know, these scholars involved. I struggle to call myself a scholar, but for the brevity of the discussion, we're just going to go with that title. Is that both of them not only have familiarity with some of the differences between the two schools of thought. They are also both community voices. And I think that's very important. I'm sure Yasid has a similar, uh, understanding and a similar experience. There are concerns we have about our own communities that keep us up at night. There are things we think about that we say, you know what, I wish this younger generation understood A, understood B, understood C, and how can I communicate this to them? So I think it's really special that the two people involved are not just people who might know theory. Theory is one thing. Community building is a different thing altogether. That's a very important distinction. And alhamdulillah, both of those have come together in our dear. So that was the first point I wanted to make. Second point I wanted to make is, please, brothers and sisters, tonight's session shouldn't be seen as an end all be all session. Your understanding, if you're Sunni, your understanding of Shiism, and if you're Shia, your understanding of Sunundism should in no way be limited to one 2-hour session. This is a lifelong journey. You should continue to learn. This is one piece of a bigger puzzle inshallah for you to learn about the diversity that alhamdulillah we have within Islam. And so there's a lot of points as we discuss these points, there's a lot of points that we may not get to on even the topics that we're planning to discuss. Uh, this is not meant as a polemic discussion. No, inshallah, everyone has to take what is mentioned tonight and inshallah continue their learning journey on every topic. There's more to be discussed. No Shia scholar or Sunni scholar can represent the 1400-year scholarship that exists in both schools of thought. And so this is an attempt. It is a humble attempt. And so this is on behalf of the audience. I'm mentioning that this should not be the end all be all for you. Let me go one step further for those who watch the recording later, even for other scholars who might watch this. And I think in some senses, this might be an event, in some senses, the first of its kind. Uh, but my goal inshallah is for this to become a template that is utilized by other scholars and inshallah other scholars can reach out to their Shia and Sunni counterparts and have similar conversations. This is just one piece of a bigger puzzle inshallah. Um, having said that, let me just touch on, uh, what Yasid also kind of touched on. I think fundamentally, there's three levels of interaction between the two schools of thought. At the first level, you have bare minimum tolerance. Even that is missing in some parts of the world. Even that, and certainly on social media, right? If you visit TikTok, uh, she, you know, TikTok this. Okay. No, cuz she doesn't waste his time on this stuff. Okay. But if you go on Instagram, TikTok, just look at the comment section. I don't see a lot of tolerance there. You don't see a lot of respect when it comes to our differences there. That's the bare minimum. I think if we take steps in that direction, just that will be very valuable. By the way, then comes level number two. We discuss our differences and we actually get into some of the theological differences, which is what you will witness tonight inshallah in a minimum in a minimal or in a limited manner. And then thirdly is this, the U word. Okay, unity. That I think is an ideal. I don't think we're close there yet, but it can happen in glimpses. It can happen in glimpses. You know, we're trying to vote this person in. We're trying to working together for a particular cause. I will end with this and pass it back to you inshallah. Just like Sheh Yaser said, I do not believe in this concept of Shia and Sunni being kind and friendly and cordial together only when there is a common enemy. He already touched on this. No. And what I understand from the teachings of, just from my own perspective, is that this closeness, this nearness exists regardless of whether there is a common enemy or not. Of course, when there's a common enemy, the need is of course emphasized even more and even bigger. So, inshallah, I hope that tonight is a step in that direction.

>> Thank you. Before we get into the nuance of today's conversation, I think it's very important to define terms like what is a Shia and what is a Sunni and what makes him so unique? Um, Shikaster, I'll ask you first.

>> Start with >> Okay, alternate be fair.

>> Thank you so much. Yeah. So, um, there's a lot of technical, you know, terminology and so on and so forth. I think for the simplicity of our discussion, when we talk about someone who is sh, we are talking about someone who believes, of course, in the oneness of Allah subhana wa tala first and foremost. He believes in the prophethood of the messenger of Allah. And he also, so, you know, she, we have this habit every time the name comes. So I'm going to ask the Shia crowd tonight because we're going to be mentioning our prophet a lot. So what we'll do is we'll do one loud salawat inshallah. So I'm going to keep mentioning inshallah. So hopefully that will one at the beginning and one at the end inshallah, otherwise we won't get to any topic. So, uh, the prophethood of our beloved messenger and of course the day of judgment. And also the idea that the messenger of Allah, by the command of Allah subhana t, appointed a successor, uh, for himself and then also from his lineage, other individuals. So this idea that obeying or having loyalty to this successor and his, uh, it is obligatory to act upon his teachings is fundamentally what someone would come into the fold of Shiism. Of course, Shiism is not a monolithic, the same way Sunnism is not a monolithic. There are branches, there are different understandings, there are different strands. But I think this element is probably the core element.

>> Uh, just a comment on the salawat. By the way, Sunnis obviously also do this. Uh, the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam said that whenever who is the most, he asked the Sahabah, who is the most miserly? They said, who is the most miserly? He said, the one who when my name is mentioned, does not say salam upon me. So the Sunnis also say salam, but we do it quietly. So don't think that this is something that divides. It's just how it is done. In fact, in no problem, we say it loud, no problem as well. So we also say the salat, but we say it's every time the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam's name is mentioned, we also say the salat. So what is the definition of a Sunni? Sunni is a short, uh, shortened version of the term, and the term means that Sunnis obviously are one of the branches of Islam. So obviously they believe in all of the things that Muslims believe in. But then they also add that our methodology for worshiping Allah subhanahu wa ta'ala is based upon the Quran and the sunnah of the prophet wasallam as preserved in his traditions, as preserved in his sayings. So we do not believe that there is any one divinely appointed person. Rather, we believe in the collective of scholars. The prophet sallall alaihi wasallam said in a hadith in our tradition that the scholars, the scholarly class, not collectively, the scholars are the inheritors of the, uh, prophet Muhammad sallallahu alaihi wasallam. So we believe that, uh, the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam left us the Quran and his sunnah, and collectively the scholars then interpret that. And we tolerate a vast array of differences within legal issues and even within aspects of theology. But obviously, certain beliefs would then can be considered to be outside of Sunnism. And obviously, the belief in imama here is where the dividing line would happen. The divinely appointed single person called the Imam versus the collective group scholarly effort. This is where I think one of the main differences would be between the Sunnah and the Shia.

>> Shikmati, I want to kind of double click on something that you said, um, about this concept of imam. I think there's a perception that imam is a continuation of the prophethood. Um, can you explain to us what imam is in the Shia paradigm?

>> Uh, yeah. So, I mean, we, it depends how we, uh, define imam. Yes, we do believe that the guidance that an imam offers, which I'll discuss a little bit more in detail, what that looks like exactly, is in some senses the, uh, continuation of the guidance of Allah subhana wa ta'ala. But of course, it's different from the revelation and the guidance of the messenger of Allah in ways that, inshallah, I'll discuss. So fundamentally, the role of an imam is four main roles. There's other categorizations. By the way, in a lot of what I'm discussing tonight, there's a lot of minority opinions. I'm not going to have time to get into all of that because it's a, we won't get through our discussions. There are four main roles that an imam plays. The first of those four roles is going to be, uh, he is a source of religious knowledge and religious guidance. When the ummah, for example, wants to figure out how did the messenger of Allah pray, they would come to ask this individual. When they want to understand what is the sunnah of the messenger of Allah, they would come to ask this individual. It doesn't mean things like history don't play a role. They do, of course, but of course, what he says has the final word on these types of things. So in that first role, which is guidance, offering religious knowledge, the role of the imam, and this is a very important detail, and this will answer your question about the separation. The role of the imam is within a particular framework and within a particular scope. He's not going to go beyond that scope. And that scope is his role as a, and as a someone who is doing of the faith that the messenger of Allah has already brought to us. So the messenger of Allah, you know, his life comes to an end. Immediately, the they put together the verses of the Quran because they automatically know with the end of the life of the messenger of Allah, there is no more verses of the Quran. This is done. So now they are going to take these verses of the Quran with some on the, the when this it was exactly done, but generally speaking, they're going to put it right. And now you're going to have a right. So the understanding is revelation in terms of the verses of the Quran is done. Therefore, when the Imam wants to offer guidance, he will only operate within the scope of the principles that the Quran first and foremost has put forth, and then of course, what is established from the messenger of Allah. Okay. In this, we have a number of narrations called the narrations of presenting. So what this means is that if there is a narration that, uh, uh, you know, indicates that what the imam is saying, meaning it's attributed to him, that the imam is saying something that is outside of the fold of the Quran, meaning it contradicts the verses of the Quran, or it contradicts something that we know for sure from the sunnah of the messenger of Allah. This narration is set aside. It is rejected. Okay. The number of narrations we have on the topic of the this presentation, meaning you put it up against the standard of the Quran, is a multitude of narrations. It's not one or two narrations. Of course, of course, like all schools of thought, there is debate on the interpretation of the verses of the Qurans themselves. So, one scholar will look at a, at a verse and say, this hadith is against this verse. Another scholar might look at the same verse and say, "No, no, this is not against that verse." So these, these differences of opinion, of course, exist, and they exist in all schools of thought. But this is the scope in which the imam can operate, basically, which means he can never do nas, he can never come forward and say, this Quranic concept, it doesn't exist anymore. He is not allowed to do this. When I say not allowed, it means he won't do this, okay? Now, these are details we'll leave it for another time. So role number one, guidance. Role number two, political leadership. And this is what in the Sunni school of thought, typically we hear of as caliphate. And when we say, we are predominantly referring to the political role of this individual. For us, the reason why the history of early Islamic history is quite important is because figuring out if this family has successorship or not is not just going to play a role on the political side. I mean, this is a question I get from a lot of our youth. These are things that happened 1400 years ago. Why even, why do we even have to discuss this stuff? The answer is because for us, the imam is not just a political leader. If he was just a political leader, we'd say it happened 1400 years ago and we're done. He is also a guide when it comes to how I'm supposed to pray right here and right now. How I'm supposed to fast, how I'm supposed to get married, how I'm all of these things. Okay. So this is the political leadership. Role number three is that the imam is a role model. He takes the prophetic model and he manifests it and shows us what the prophetic model would have looked like in different times and in different eras. And so I'll come back to this issue. Of course, today, you guys know is the anniversary of the Nikkba. May 15th is the anniversary. We are now at the 78th, if I'm not mistaken, anniversary of the neckb, right? All of these things that we've witnessed, especially in the past two to three years. So for us, for example, when Karbala comes up, and we'll discuss Karbala a little bit later, when Karbala comes up, that is seen as a prophetic model, as in, this is how the messenger of Allah would have acted. This is how he would have dealt with oppression, you know, if he was in that particular situation. Role number four, and I'll pass it on, inshallah, is that we have a role for the imam called the taqini role, meaning it is part of she belief, and in a multitude of narrations, that in every era and in every time, there is a representative of Allah who lives amongst the people. And that person, when the messenger of Allah was alive, of course, is our beloved messenger. And after him, it is, of course, the imams of the. So these are predominantly the four roles of an imam. Yes.

>> Uh, Shakasha, I wanted to ask you, what is, uh, the viewpoint of the Sunni tradition on the on immedat?

>> So, one of the main things that I think we need to be very explicit about is that the perception of early Islam between the Sunnah and the Shia is very different. And if the average Sunni and the average Shi were to write down what they know of the first 20, 30, 40, 50 years, it is as if you are reading two completely different histories. So when you engage with dialogue, you need to understand your perception of early Islam is not the perception of the person you're talking with, in all likelihood. Right? And this is not the time to get into more details of which version is that. That's beyond the scope of this. You just need to understand that how each side views the first 30, 40, 50 years is literally at odds with one another. You would not recognize the other side. Only those who studied oh, see, oh, that's what they say. So from the perspective of Sunni Islam, if Allah had willed to have an im, it is not rationally impossible. Allah can do as he pleases. And having the presence of a divinely ordained imam is something within the purview, the permit of what is theologically permissible. But from the Sunni paradigm, there's no evidence from the Quran, from the sunnah as is interpreted by Sunni Islam, because obviously how you interpret is all, and from early history as well, that from our perspective, there's simply no evidence to suggest such a figure or such a concept. And again, with respect, we have to, we have to be firm but respectful. Obviously, there are many verses in the Quran that are used to prove this concept. That's great. Just understand, and I want to be technical here, your understanding of an evidence is not the same as the evidence. It is your understanding of the evidence. So when you quote an evidence and in your mind you are extrapolating the final point, do understand the same person can look at the same evidence and extrapolate a different point. So you need to be a little bit more understanding of how dialogue works, how psychology works, how anchoring our biases works. All of these are concepts that are universal in all aspects, not just sectarianism. And so how a verse of the Quran is first interpreted to you is how you understand it, basically, for the rest of your life. Right? So when you quote evidences that are Quranic or evidences, they're from the books of our own traditions. See, can't you guys see it's so obvious, right? And I get that. Just understand, we read the same Quran, we read the same books of hadith, right? And our perception of what is to be extracted is not the same. So to simplify, theologically, if Allah had willed there to be an imam, there would not be a problem for us to accept that. It doesn't go against any aspect. But we don't find in the Quran or in the Sunnah as we understand it, or in the events of the first 30, 40, 50 years, and again, I want to understand this again, we're not having a debate, but it is important to understand from our perspective, the actions and the, uh, the, the, the life of himself indicates for us that there was no concept of this im. That's from our perspective. And I say this because a lot of misunderstandings occur as if we are anti or anti. No, the, and the, know this term. The no longer exist as a on earth. This is a factual statement. The used to exist. The were a thriving community, especially under the um. But that version of Sunnism, it was one extreme version. No longer exists. You will not find a single scholar that is now in the technical sense. So our respect of all of the Sahab, we're going to get there. I know that especially includes Ali. It includes him. And so from our interpretation of his life, we do not view him as having believed himself. This is again our view. I know we do not view him as having believed that the prophet divinely ordained him to be the theological imam. I.e. maybe he felt he was better qualified because again, for us, imama is not the same. Is not the same. And kilafa can be contested. We don't have a problem saying you can have two people contesting the kalafa. They're both good people. That's not a problem for us because remember, for us, is not divinely ordained. So if felt that, hey, maybe I should have gotten the role, that's totally permissible. But that's not from our interpretation, im divinely appointed. So understand, this is really the fundamental difference between our two strands. And if you look at how each one views early Islam, you're not going to agree with the other side, but you will empathize a little bit. We're not rejecting the status of no, as you should all know. We consider him to be of the greatest of the, and of the. We give him the, the blessings that we believe Allah and his messenger bestowed upon him. But the concept of im, we do not derive it from the book that we read. We do not derive it from the tradition that is ours. And we also don't derive it from early Islamic history. So this is where the fundamental difference occurs.

>> I'll touch on that. Just like sheh said, a lot of times people look at the same verse of the Quran and have very different understandings. So of those verses, you know, if you see a Shia quote 3333 to you, it's very different from when a Sunni quotes 3333. Okay? Okay. So when a Sunni typically, I'm saying, quotes 333, usually he's talking about why are you doing, you know, referring to like the way one would dress, right? For no, 3333 is talking about an elevated status of the B. So yeah, just like sheh is saying, we look at the same verses and from those same verses, we have different understandings.

>> Going deeper in consequential figures in Islamic history. Um, I know we we touched up on it a little bit on the concept of Sahabas. Um, obviously, this is a very tense point.

>> Um, Shik Mati, I want to ask you first. Um, what is the status of Sahaba in the Shia paradigm? And, um, their ideas of that, you know, we hear in public about insulting the Sahaba and slandering the Sahaba. Um, can you explain and clarify like those viewpoints?

>> Yes. So obviously, this is probably the most sensitive thing we're going to discuss tonight. Right. Um, the first time I sat down with Yaser, he gave me a list. He said, these are the three things that is a a sticky point between Shia and Sunni, right? And there was two others, uh, that kind of we'll touch on tonight. And then he said, uh, you know, the first one was the Quran, if I'm not mistaken. The second one was, you know, the status of im and I, im, so on and so forth. And third one was the approach to the Sahabah. Right? So I understand that this is a sensitive topic. And so I'll, I'll go through this through, uh, multiple points inshallah. So first and foremost, I think, uh, one thing that is is a common misconception and especially is important in the way this question is framed is the question always comes forward, why do the Shia have a negative view of the Sahabah? How many Sahaba do we have? They're in the thousands, right? When came around, the messenger of Allah was surrounded by thousands of individuals. And I'm using the, the Sunni, uh, definition of sahabi, you know, so someone who saw the prophet and died upon the faith of Islam, right? So hundreds, thousands of Sahaba. The way the question is posed, and I'm not referring to Kaman here, uh, you know, Kaman tonight is playing the role of Pakistan, right? So he, wait, who's Trump here? What is that supposed to? Yeah.

>> So, so, you know, I won't say who's Iran and who's USA. I'll just say I'm from Iran. That's it. So, alhamdulillah. So, um, yeah. So on this, on the issue of the Sahaba, the way it's posed, first point is, no, this is factually incorrect to say the Shia have a problem with the Sahaba. I think it would be factually correct, in fact, to say that the Shia have a positive view of, if not the overwhelming majority of the Sahaba. I think it would be possible to say the majority of the Sahaba. And these are, you know, we have Sahaba we may not even know their name, by the way. We have Sahaba like, you know, some of them we know their names, they weren't that well known, you know. And then we have Sahabah who are quite well-known, you know. And so you go down the list, you know, there's Bilal, there's Mikdad, there's Salman, there's Abu. It's a long list. In fact, if you go for, if you see a group of people standing at the of the of the, you know, the the grave of the grave of Hamza, yes, may Allah bless him and his soul. Yani, Hamza is a name that brings goosebumps to us, you know. And he is that person who represents that power that defended the messenger of Allah and broke the back of the messenger of Allah when the messenger of Allah lost him, you know. So that is the first point I want to make. Now, as it relates to those of the Sahabah that we do have a negative view of, yes, when we, just like Yaser said, when we look at the verses of the Quran, we don't deduce and conclude from the verses of the Quran a blanket approval of the Sahabah, as opposed to the Sunni school of thought, at least that's the dominant, uh, position, the prominent, you know, the, I, I think probably most of them or all of them, maybe she can touch on that inshallah. We don't understand it that way. We typically, those verses of the Quran are understood in the she scholarship as either referring to a group of the Sahabah, like a particular group of them, or the Quran, when it says Allah is pleased with them, it is referring to that time where they are engaging in that amazing deed that the Quran is praising them for. Yes. When they are giving to you, that means now, now in the perspective, this is just our perspective. This is not understood as an approval for the rest of the life of this Sahhabi, if he stays on the right path, yes, if he doesn't stay on the right path, he doesn't have that approval anymore, right? So this is typically how this topic is understood. Is the session over or we're continuing inshallah? See this shift is. And we're planning to have the lights on or we're going to turn them off.

>> Either way is fine. I just want to know if I hit continue or we should, uh, >> signal.

>> All right. See, this is normally when we would, we would use the salawat >> for these pauses. Is when we use the the out loud salawat. All right. So we don't understand this, uh, comprehensive approval from the verses of the Quran. Therefore, our measuring stick is fundamentally history. History. And so we use history to deduce and conclude, did this person walk in the footsteps of the messenger of Allah, or did he, for example, not do so? When it comes to a conclusion, let's say for example, as a, he looks at history and he concludes, and like sheh said, those first, uh, decades, at the very least, are very different interpretations from both schools of thought. When he looks at that portion of history, he, uh, sees someone walking away from the footsteps of the messenger of Allah, or from our perspective, disobeying the messenger of Allah. He has to do a form of disassociation. Okay. This disassociation, by the way, is something that I'm not talking about the term ta'an, because that's a set specific term. The idea of deep down in your heart saying, I reject this. This is also in the Qur'an, if I'm not mistaken. The messenger of Allah said, if you see someone doing wrong, something wrong, yes, change it with your hand. If not with your hand, with your tongue. If not with your tongue, with right, with his heart. So this disassociation happens. Now, this is the sensitive part. The way disassociation happens is the crucial point. And there are ways where we disassociate from some of the acquaintance of the messenger of Allah that are approved by our scholars, meaning they have allowed it. And there are ways that some people do this that is not allowed. And so that comes to the point of insulting. So insulting, slander, verbal abuse, these are things that the rulings of are very clear about that these are things that are intrinsically problematic and that one is not to engage in them. Now, the wordings for people who want to look it up, they can look it up. You know, I have from here, I have quotes in front of me. is a term you will find very often. When the question was posed toistani, um, and it's, it was funny for me because they said, in the question, they showed him a clip of a group of people slandering and insulting, uh, the Sahaba, and in particular the second caliph, I think it was, and the wife of the messenger of Allah. Is he said, and this became his official fatwa, this is absolutely condemned. Beyond this, let me add one more point. We also have another set of rulings from our scholars that is actually a little bit more broad than this, that goes beyond just Sahaba. And that is a set of rulings from both of these grand scholars that will tell us that anything, any action that brings about and fans the flames of sectarianism is forbidden. This is quite clear in the rulings of both of these grand maraj. I want to read just a couple lines from, and, um, you know, I found them to be very, very interesting. He says, and this was part of a longer message that he had put out a number of years ago. He says, I studied with Ahmed. He is from the of in the city of, which is in Iraq. When I used to go and sit with him, it wasn't my number one priority that, and he's not believing in the same as I. Okay, this wasn't like a thing. I treated him the same way I treat other Muslims, other. And then he continued, he said, I thought this was very beautiful. He says, the same way we used to go and visit doctors and you get sick, you visit a doctor. And the doctor, the physician was from, and because I was a student of knowledge, they would never take from me any payments. It's a Sunni doctor, but he said, you are someone who's working for the cause of the faith of, you know, the faith of Islam. I'm not going to charge you. Right? And then he continues, he says, this is the critical line. It is not allowed for us to take part in anything, even if it is a sentence or half a sentence or half a word, that will that is going to create disunity, sectarianism, sectarian hate between the two schools of thought. And one needs to stay away. Means obligatory. It is obligatory for him to refrain from inflammatory speech. Okay. So these are very clear stances that they have on this issue. Let me add two more points, and inshallah, you'll forgive me if this answers a little bit longer, but because I know it's a sensitive topic. There are also she, there are also figures in history that from the she perspective are highly revered. Right? And in fact, from our perspective, they are minab. Uh, but in the Sunni understanding, these are individuals who left this world not having believed in the message of the messenger of Allah. The dominant or the prominent example of this would be Abu Talib, the uncle of the messenger of Allah. And there, this is also the case. And we have to respect these differences of opinion. There are individuals who from my perspective are highly revered in the Sunni school of thought, you know. And I know there's other opinions about that too, but the dominant opinion, I'm assuming, would be that that he died not upon the faith of the messenger of Allah. So these differences of opinions exist, and we just have to be respectful of one another in this regard. And the last point is respecting our differences of opinion doesn't mean we don't study history, we don't critique history, we don't learn history, things of that nature. I personally have done a a 20-part series on the life of Marawi, the son of Abu Sufyan, just with the movie that came out, the series that came out, uh, from Saudi, maybe I think it was, uh, last year or maybe like six, seven, uh, months ago. I don't know if that made its round here in the North American. Not really. Yeah, I was surprised by that because the quality of the production was good. The content, I think, was, it didn't even stand up to like Sunni standards, you know, like even that, there was a lot of, uh, historical inaccuracies in it. And of course, we know she Yaser himself has done a series on the life of our beloved prophet, which is like, it's like a thousand parts. But it's okay. It's, it's 100, how many parts?

>> 104 parts. And I'm glad to say I've watched all 104 parts of Sheh's, uh, series. So inshallah, I'll pass it on. Um, so Shikar, uh, obviously Sunnis have a deep reverence for the Sahaba.

>> Yeah.

>> But how does a Sunni tradition balance that with honest criticism?

>> So, I like the fact that we are discussing very sensitive topics and we are trying to demonstrate that there are differences and we have to deal with these differences as they are. Whether we like them or not, these are sensitive differences. They're emotional differences. And even though, so my expertise is theology, technically speaking, this is not the biggest difference between Sunni and Shia. It is the concept of imama and whatnot. But realistically and practically, this becomes the biggest difference because the average Muslim doesn't know the concept of im or this is not something. But the average Sunni is taught to love Abu Bakr. And obviously, that is not the same with not just this, but it's not just a private issue, but many strands, uh, obviously fatwa is not followed by all, as you know. So many strands and many, uh, preachers and clerics do make it a point to say things that from the perspective of Sunnah, it's, it's jarring to say the least. Like this is, they've because remember, remember the anecdotes and incidents that are familiar with since their children are completely absent from our understanding of early Islam. Understand this point, right? We don't view Abu Bakr and, uh, with any lens of negativity. And much of what is ascribed to them, uh, in other sources, we don't view them from our sources. They're not found there. And the one of the most controversial issues, and I will say because it is going round here and there, uh, in English as well, uh, the quote unquote infamous incident of the attack on Fatam's house. I can assure, assure you, the average Sunni has never even heard, much less would believe of this incident, whereas this is standard in. I need you to understand when people have different views, obviously their judgments are going to be different. Which one is right and wrong is beyond the scope of this lecture. But obviously, believe their version is right. Believe their version is right. They both can't be right. This is where the differences occur. So from our perspective, the claim that in particular Abu Bakr actively opposed a command that was given by the prophet sallallahu alaihi wasallam is not something that we can reconcile with our image of them. It goes against the entire history of their lives as we understand it. And so to claim that again, after the prophet passed away, they flipped around, obviously, this is the whole point of controversy. So for us, we do not view with any level of sympathy or positivity, much less, much less, much less accusations of that's where again, the disagreements will happen. And I hope that the fatwa of ayatani is applied more and more because that is a very pragmatic fatwa. Uh, but from our perspective, to answer your question, for us, we are not claiming that the Sahabah are mum. This is not at all the case. Rather, the Sahaba are human beings, and they can and they will make mistakes. They might even commit sins. But number one, one thing that normative Sunnism has agreed upon. Number one, no companion, nobody who sees the prophetam as a Muslim and dies as a Muslim will intentionally fabricate against the prophetam. That is a level that is normative for us. I.e. to say the prophet says this and he's lying. That is something that goes against our theology. Number two, the senior Sahabah, and without a doubt, the sensitive issues between us two trends deal with the senior Sahabah. We're not dealing with the, the, the more minor ones. In, we are dealing with the one who, uh, for us, is the, the main companion and his daughter. So for us to, to claim that or to sympathize with the claim that they disobeyed the prophet wasallam, it's not something that we can in any sense open the door for. So this is one of those issues where we're going to have to understand there is a fundamental divide in this area. There's no way to really reconcile. This is where it gets personal in the sense it is very painful for the average Sunni to hear or to hear people whom their entire lives, and again, I want you to understand, the goal of this conversation is not just to explain, it is so that you begin to empathize. Imagine yourself as a Sunni who has never heard any of the anecdotes that perhaps are familiar with, and the first exposure to isam of people who are just presented to them as the best of the best. That is the perception that most have of because those are the clips that go viral. I know they're not following Sistani's fatwa, but those clerics, their vulgarities and the anger and whatnot, those are the, the clips that go viral in Sunnah and they're like, "Why, why are you guys full of so much hatred?" And of course, we understand history that I agree with. We understand why. But the average Sununda is like, "Look, this is, 1400 years ago. This is a figure we respect. We admire. Why are you going out of your way to show so much hatred?" And because our perceptions of history are so different, this is where the controversy occurs. But to go back to your specific question, to criticize a political opinion of a companion is not problematic. But to claim that the senior companions intentionally disobeyed the messenger sallallahu alaihi wasallam, that is theologically problematic. It's not just politics anymore. So, for example, I, I'm just giving a hypothetical example. In the of, he might have made a decision about how to treat a certain tribe. Okay? Whether to do do this or that with a certain tribe. If a later historian says, you know what, maybe he should have done that with that tribe. No big deal. No Sunni is going to say that this is this is blasphemy. This is heresy. It's a, it's a sassy matter. But to impugn the overall desire to follow the prophet amongst the people who associated with him, and again, we're not getting into debates, I need you to understand this point. For us, as it is also, and I know this isn't so, you have to, from our perspective, it is also impinging the very person sallall alaihi wasallam who chose them to be companions. Do you see the point here? I know that's not, I'm not accusing, but understand from's perspective, the people whom the prophet chose to be his closest through his life is automatically a validation for them.

And the claim that the minute he passed away, they just flipped is not just negative on them. It is also, I mean, the one who chooses the entourage or the team, the one who chooses the people in the company, you know, that's also a responsibility. So for us, we don't, we don't go there, and it is not something we're going to entertain. And that's where, again, it does become sensitive, and it is what it is.

Here's the point, though. Here's the point. What are we going to do? Okay, there's a fundamental, painful reality. What are we going to do now? Are we going to constantly only mention this, or are we going to realize this is something that 1400, century, 1400 years has been differences? These controversies go back literally 1,000, at the very least 1,300 plus years. Again, from our perspective, by the way, for the record, for the record, these controversies would not go back to the time of the actual Sahaba. For us, that's, understand this point. These notions, for us, were introduced later on. Uh, I have a lecture series I've done as well on this, and again, it presents our perspective. I'm, for us, I gave a lecture, an epic about, I'm, for us, is one of our Imams. When we say Imam, we don't mean your Imam, we mean our Imam, unified together. Right? So from, and I, I'm, I'm saying this to educate you, not to try to convince you, to educate you of our paradigm. We don't believe I, Imam had the notions that many later people had. I understand to you, that is preposterous. That's fine. But understand from our perspective, these are developments that are taking place. Right? So for us, Imam Ja'far, we have a narration in our books, in our books, that Imam Ja'far was asked about, and he himself says in our tradition, that they are, these were the, the Prophet's companions. We, this is from our, our version. We thought we had more right to the politics than others. But this is not an impugning on their character. This is from our tradition, right? Uh, I forgot. I think it's in, don't quote me on that. But it is in our tradition that Imam Ja'far basically said, I'm not imputing their character. They are the companions of the Prophet. They are the, his, the people whom he appointed. We're just saying that we had more right to this matter than they did. That is what we would call what is called early. And if you know your history, or you know your, many of the Zaydis of our time still have that version of right. So from our perspective, there was no, or taking place from the, from our perspective in early Islam. And the concept itself, theologically, would not be problematic, would not be allowed. But to be very pedantic, Sunnis, listen to me carefully. I know it's emotional, well, I understand it, but I'm being technical here. To accuse the Sahaba of doing wrong is not considered kufr for us. It is problematic. It is a, I'm not going to mince my words here. It is considered to be a heresy, but it is not, and I'm being technical. I want you to understand this point here. For somebody to say there's another god besides Allah. Okay, there's no leeway here. For somebody to say there's a prophet after the Prophet. There are no two opinions. This is a different religion. But for somebody to say something bad about the Sahaba, that is painful. And for us Sunnis, that is a religious heresy, but it is not a rejection of Allah. It is not. So understand this technical point here. And that is the vast majority. And if you need fatwas, I'll quote you. And Ali, they have all given these fatwas in this regard. It's not kufr. So understand this point.

Yeah. I just wanted to touch on, and this is beyond the legal ruling that I mentioned. This is something that, and I want this generation to learn this, to pick up on this, to make it part of their lifestyle, beyond the legal ruling, and beyond the issue of unity, and beyond all of these issues. Sab and swearing at a person, insulting, this is not becoming of a believer. This is not appropriate behavior from a believer. And in our narrations, in fact, there are other rulings that sab, some, some types of sab are fundamentally haram. I'm not even talking in the concept of, in the context of the Sahaba, outside of that, and beyond that. The rest is very morally, and it shows a really low level, you know, when someone engages in this. And so when we see this happening on social media, uh, it's, it's, it's quite sad. If you actually post anything that is supposed to bring a little bit, even a little bit of harmony between the two schools of thought, you will see people in the comment section of the post are going at each other with a lot of sab. And so this is unfortunately sad. I think it's part of the reason why we have gathered here today. And I, I, I want our younger generation, my hope is our younger generation, both from the Shia school of thought and the Sunni school of thought, inshallah, understand that this is really not becoming of, uh, of any believer, for that matter, even if we're not talking about the context of the Sahaba.

Yes. I think on one side, we have these conversations of critique, and I think on the other side, we have conversations about love. Um, and it's specifically love for the, uh, the family of the Prophet. And like,

>> I thought you were getting married or something.

>> Um, and I think that, um, man, lose my train of thought. Oh, sorry.

>> You hit a sensitive nerve on the man. Seriously. Subhan Allah.

>> Look at how he's dressed. Clearly, he's like,

>> I know. I made him blush, too.

>> You were saying the commonality of loving the,

>> Yes. Thank you. But, um, like a lot of us, most of us, if not all of us, uh, don't even finish our Salah without sending blessings on the Prophet and his family, sallallahu alaihi wasallam. Um, and we have figures in our history, uh, like Imam Shafi, who's a, who's a giant in the Sunni tradition, who went and said, like, if if loving the Ahl al-Bayt makes me a Rafidi, then so be it. So my, my question to both of you is, why is it so important to love the Ahl al-Bayt? The concept of loving the Ahl al-Bayt is a point of misunderstanding amongst some people that I've met. Of the, there is no controversy about actual love. And as I said, 10, 20 minutes ago, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, the, 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