Power Breakfast - Rabbi Yacov D. Schmahl - Lotto and Halacha - March 1st, 2015

And the obvious choice for this title was connected to Purim because Purim is this week and Purim is Al-Shame, which is which is to do with the with the Goral, the Goral which Haman threw. So it's somehow connected to to this week's events.

And to start, the question is, is one allowed to buy a lotto ticket? Which means to say that the person fills in a certain amount of numbers on a little piece of paper, and then he registers these numbers. And sometime later, there's an organization which chooses numbers somehow or other. And if you're lucky and your numbers are the right numbers, then you win the big prize.

Um, we have a Mishnah in Sanhedrin which says as follows: The Mishnah is discussing people who are not kosher to give testimony, to be witnesses according to Jewish law. And the Mishnah says, these are the people who are not kosher to be a witness: Hamash, somebody who plays Koviya.

Now, the Gemara explains that this Koviya is it's a way of betting where a person would, uh, they would two people would agree to throw something like a piece of walrus or a piece of bone, or nowadays it could be a dice. And they agreed that if it falls on one side, one person will get the money, or if it falls on the other side, the other person will get the money. There was sort of a betting system. So the Mishnah says clearly, people who are meshakeh, who use this betting, who play with this, uh, Koviya, are not allowed to be kosher witnesses. They're not to be judges.

And the Gemara continues, Meshakeh, what's wrong with doing that? What's wrong with a harmful game of, uh, playing like that? So the Gemara says, there's a discussion between Rava and Rav Ashi. Rava says that the reason why it's not kosher for witnesses is, mishum, the if you have an agreement is not a valid agreement. What does that mean? So Rashi tells us straight away, a person doesn't willingly give this away. He's relying on something which might not happen. So he thinks that he can win. Uh, sometimes he loses.

So Rashi tells us that the problem with Asmachta is that you have an agreement where you hope one thing. You hope you're going to win the bet, and sometimes you lose. And therefore, the person who agreed to pay, if I make a bet with you and I say, if it falls on a six, I'll pay you a hundred dollars, and it falls on a five, and I lose, I'm not really happy to pay you. It's just something which I hoped wouldn't happen. And therefore, my word to you that I will pay you if it doesn't fall on the six, or whatever the agreement may be, is not something which is binding upon me. And similarly, if you would, uh, if I would win, you wouldn't have to pay me either.

And if nevertheless, you pay the person who's taking the money is taking it against the real free will of the person who's giving it. It's not like actually so far as putting your hand into somebody's pocket and picking out his wallet. That's definitely Gazella. But this is something like Gazella because the agreement between the two parties is not actually a true binding agreement. And therefore, if somebody constantly plays like that, he is being going against the the Torah of stealing. And therefore, a person who steals is possible for Adus. That's the idea of Rava to explain the Mishnah.

Rav Ashi, however, says, no, that cannot be the reason why a person should be possible for Adus, should be a knowledge from being a kosher witness. He says, Koviya hai, that sort of game is not considered to be the problem of Asmachta. And Rav Ashi will soon tell us why.

So, what is the true reason why a person whose meshakeh is actually not not kosher for witness? Because he's not, it's talking about somebody who constantly spends and wastes his time with this sort of sport. And he's not actually somebody who's being used to behaving like the normal way of behavior. Normal way of behavior is a person should go to work. And since this person is spending his time playing cards or dice or whatever it may be, he's not a person who's oystered with the forthcomingness of the world. He's not doing anything for the world in general. And therefore, he's somebody who doesn't take life seriously. Because otherwise, he would be an honest working person. And since he doesn't do that, we cannot trust him when it comes to giving witness. That he might, we can't be contrasted. He'll tell the truth always. We might, we're worried that he, for a few pennies, he might say false witness because he's not somebody who takes the whole idea of of the world system, the world's, uh, going in a certain way. He doesn't take that seriously. Therefore, he's possible for Adus.

Now, why a contour of Ashi playing with dice, let's consider it, or betting today is not a problem of Asmachta? Why isn't it? At the end of the day, the person is not really willingly giving his money away. He's only giving his money away because he lost. But in preference, he would definitely prefer to to win.

So Rashi explains us that is not Asmachta. What is considered is somebody, uh, who accepts upon himself to do a certain work. In the olden days, maybe nowadays as well, the time of the Gemara, there was an agreement. The person had a field and he would like, as it were, rent it out to somebody else to work the field. And he said to the person, you work in my field and we share a certain way the profits. A certain, it's called an Oris. You take the field, I get, uh, 30, 40, 50 percent according to our agreement. And the person who takes the field and accepts upon himself to work, yeah, he says that if I don't work, if I decide to go on holiday and I leave the field just, uh, fallow and I don't work it, I will pay you full money. He said, I'll pay you a large amount of money.

So the worker who accepts upon himself to be the manager of the field and to work it and to bring the profit the way he should do, says, if I don't keep my word, I'll pay you a large amount of money, much more than he really would have had to would have come out of the field itself. That is an Asmachta. A person is exaggerating. He says, if I don't work, I pay you 10 times the amount of of what usually will come out of the field. Then it's an Asmachta.

But in our case of playing dice, when a person has nothing to rely on, there's no way that you can say when I'm throwing the dice, or I can say when I throw the dice, I'm I presume I'm going to win. There's no presumption. You can't say I rely that I'm going to win. And that what I didn't win, that wasn't really in the realm of my thoughts because nobody can say that he knows which way the dice is going to fall. It's a complete, complete fate in the hands of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The way the dice is going to fall.

If a person says, if I don't work, then I'll pay you a large amount of money, so the person can say, look, I exaggerated. I intended to work. I'm not somebody who does nothing. I intended, I agreed with you to take on your field to work it as it should be done, to plow and sow and all the rest of it, and reap, and then we will share the profits. I said it to in order to encourage myself not to be lazy. I said, if I don't do it, I'll pay you 10 times the amount. That's an exaggeration. I didn't intend being lazy. I was always relying on the fact that I'd be a normal person. So there, a person can say that exaggeration is what's known as Asmachta.

But if a person has nothing to rely on at all, when I'm betting with you, who, which way the dice will fall, there's absolutely no way I can say I relied that I was going to fall on the six. You have a one in six chance that it's going to fall on anything else but the six. I believe was it one and five, um, I think it's called what comes out. Now, so therefore, because we're talking about somebody who has nothing else to do besides playing dice, that's what he does all day. So since he's a person who's not being, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh,1. And the obvious choice for this title was connected to Purim because Purim is this week and Pur1m is Al-Shame, which is which is to do with the with the Goral, the Goral which Haman threw. So it's somehow connected to to this week's events.

And to start, the question is, is one allowed to buy a lotto ticket? Which means to say that the person fills in a certain amount of numbers on a little piece of paper, and then he registers these numbers. And sometime later, there's an organization which chooses numbers somehow or other. And if you're lucky and your numbers are the right numbers, then you win the big prize.

Um, we have a Mishnah in Sanhedrin which says as follows: The Mishnah is discussing people who are not kosher to give testimony, to be witnesses according to Jewish law. And the Mishnah says, these are the people who are not kosher to be a witness: Hamash, somebody who plays Koviya.

Now, the Gemara explains that this Koviya is it's a way of betting where a person would, uh, they would two people would agree to throw something like a piece of walrus or a piece of bone, or nowadays it could be a dice. And they agreed that if it falls on one side, one person will get the money, or if it falls on the other side, the other person will get the money. There was sort of a betting system. So the Mishnah says clearly, people who are meshakeh, who use this betting, who play with this, uh, Koviya, are not allowed to be kosher witnesses. They're not to be judges.

And the Gemara continues, Meshakeh, what's wrong with doing that? What's wrong with a harmful game of, uh, playing like that? So the Gemara says, there's a discussion between Rava and Rav Ashi. Rava says that the reason why it's not kosher for witnesses is, mishum, the if you have an agreement is not a valid agreement. What does that mean? So Rashi tells us straight away, a person doesn't willingly give this away. He's relying on something which might not happen. So he thinks that he can win. Uh, sometimes he loses.

So Rashi tells us that the problem with Asmachta is that you have an agreement where you hope one thing. You hope you're going to win the bet, and sometimes you lose. And therefore, the person who agreed to pay, if I make a bet with you and I say, if it falls on a six, I'll pay you a hundred dollars, and it falls on a five, and I lose, I'm not really happy to pay you. It's just something which I hoped wouldn't happen. And therefore, my word to you that I will pay you if it doesn't fall on the six, or whatever the agreement may be, is not something which is binding upon me. And similarly, if you would, uh, if I would win, you wouldn't have to pay me either.

And if nevertheless, you pay the person who's taking the money is taking it against the real free will of the person who's giving it. It's not like actually so far as putting your hand into somebody's pocket and picking out his wallet. That's definitely Gazella. But this is something like Gazella because the agreement between the two parties is not actually a true binding agreement. And therefore, if somebody constantly plays like that, he is being going against the the Torah of stealing. And therefore, a person who steals is possible for Adus. That's the idea of Rava to explain the Mishnah.

Rav Ashi, however, says, no, that cannot be the reason why a person should be possible for Adus, should be a knowledge from being a kosher witness. He says, Koviya hai, that sort of game is not considered to be the problem of Asmachta. And Rav Ashi will soon tell us why.

So, what is the true reason why a person whose meshakeh is actually not not kosher for witness? Because he's not, it's talking about somebody who constantly spends and wastes his time with this sort of sport. And he's not actually somebody who's being used to behaving like the normal way of behavior. Normal way of behavior is a person should go to work. And since this person is spending his time playing cards or dice or whatever it may be, he's not a person who's oystered with the forthcomingness of the world. He's not doing anything for the world in general. And therefore, he's somebody who doesn't take life seriously. Because otherwise, he would be an honest working person. And since he doesn't do that, we cannot trust him when it comes to giving witness. That he might, we can't be contrasted. He'll tell the truth always. We might, we're worried that he, for a few pennies, he might say false witness because he's not somebody who takes the whole idea of of the world system, the world's, uh, going in a certain way. He doesn't take that seriously. Therefore, he's possible for Adus.

Now, why a contour of Ashi playing with dice, let's consider it, or betting today is not a problem of Asmachta? Why isn't it? At the end of the day, the person is not really willingly giving his money away. He's only giving his money away because he lost. But in preference, he would definitely prefer to to win.

So Rashi explains us that is not Asmachta. What is considered is somebody, uh, who accepts upon himself to do a certain work. In the olden days, maybe nowadays as well, the time of the Gemara, there was an agreement. The person had a field and he would like, as it were, rent it out to somebody else to work the field. And he said to the person, you work in my field and we share a certain way the profits. A certain, it's called an Oris. You take the field, I get, uh, 30, 40, 50 percent according to our agreement. And the person who takes the field and accepts upon himself to work, yeah, he says that if I don't work, if I decide to go on holiday and I leave the field just, uh, fallow and I don't work it, I will pay you full money. He said, I'll pay you a large amount of money.

So the worker who accepts upon himself to be the manager of the field and to work it and to bring the profit the way he should do, says, if I don't keep my word, I'll pay you a large amount of money, much more than he really would have had to would have come out of the field itself. That is an Asmachta. A person is exaggerating. He says, if I don't work, I pay you 10 times the amount of of what usually will come out of the field. Then it's an Asmachta.

But in our case of playing dice, when a person has nothing to rely on, there's no way that you can say when I'm throwing the dice, or I can say when I throw the dice, I'm I presume I'm going to win. There's no presumption. You can't say I rely that I'm going to win. And that what I didn't win, that wasn't really in the realm of my thoughts because nobody can say that he knows which way the dice is going to fall. It's a complete, complete fate in the hands of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The way the dice is going to fall.

If a person says, if I don't work, then I'll pay you a large amount of money, so the person can say, look, I exaggerated. I intended to work. I'm not somebody who does nothing. I intended, I agreed with you to take on your field to work it as it should be done, to plow and sow and all the rest of it, and reap, and then we will share the profits. I said it to in order to encourage myself not to be lazy. I said, if I don't do it, I'll pay you 10 times the amount. That's an exaggeration. I didn't intend being lazy. I was always relying on the fact that I'd be a normal person. So there, a person can say that exaggeration is what's known as Asmachta.

But if a person has nothing to rely on at all, when I'm betting with you, who, which way the dice will fall, there's absolutely no way I can say I relied that I was going to fall on the six. You have a one in six chance that it's going to fall on anything else but the six. I believe was it one and five, um, I think it's called what comes out. Now, so therefore, because we're talking about somebody who has nothing else to do besides playing dice, that's what he does all day. So since he's a person who's not being, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh,1. And the obvious choice for this title was connected to Purim because Purim is this week and Purim is Al-Shame, which is which is to do with the with the Goral, the Goral which Haman threw. So it's somehow connected to to this week's events.

And to start, the question is, is one allowed to buy a lotto ticket? Which means to say that the person fills in a certain amount of numbers on a little piece of paper, and then he registers these numbers. And sometime later, there's an organization which chooses numbers somehow or other. And if you're lucky and your numbers are the right numbers, then you win the big prize.

Um, we have a Mishnah in Sanhedrin which says as follows: The Mishnah is discussing people who are not kosher to give testimony, to be witnesses according to Jewish law. And the Mishnah says, these are the people who are not kosher to be a witness: Hamash, somebody who plays Koviya.

Now, the Gemara explains that this Koviya is it's a way of betting where a person would, uh, they would two people would agree to throw something like a piece of walrus or a piece of bone, or nowadays it could be a dice. And they agreed that if it falls on one side, one person will get the money, or if it falls on the other side, the other person will get the money. There was sort of a betting system. So the Mishnah says clearly, people who are meshakeh, who use this betting, who play with this, uh, Koviya, are not allowed to be kosher witnesses. They're not to be judges.

And the Gemara continues, Meshakeh, what's wrong with doing that? What's wrong with a harmful game of, uh, playing like that? So the Gemara says, there's a discussion between Rava and Rav Ashi. Rava says that the reason why it's not kosher for witnesses is, mishum, the if you have an agreement is not a valid agreement. What does that mean? So Rashi tells us straight away, a person doesn't willingly give this away. He's relying on something which might not happen. So he thinks that he can win. Uh, sometimes he loses.

So Rashi tells us that the problem with Asmachta is that you have an agreement where you hope one thing. You hope you're going to win the bet, and sometimes you lose. And therefore, the person who agreed to pay, if I make a bet with you and I say, if it falls on a six, I'll pay you a hundred dollars, and it falls on a five, and I lose, I'm not really happy to pay you. It's just something which I hoped wouldn't happen. And therefore, my word to you that I will pay you if it doesn't fall on the six, or whatever the agreement may be, is not something which is binding upon me. And similarly, if you would, uh, if I would win, you wouldn't have to pay me either.

And if nevertheless, you pay the person who's taking the money is taking it against the real free will of the person who's giving it. It's not like actually so far as putting your hand into somebody's pocket and picking out his wallet. That's definitely Gazella. But this is something like Gazella because the agreement between the two parties is not actually a true binding agreement. And therefore, if somebody constantly plays like that, he is being going against the the Torah of stealing. And therefore, a person who steals is possible for Adus. That's the idea of Rava to explain the Mishnah.

Rav Ashi, however, says, no, that cannot be the reason why a person should be possible for Adus, should be a knowledge from being a kosher witness. He says, Koviya hai, that sort of game is not considered to be the problem of Asmachta. And Rav Ashi will soon tell us why.

So, what is the true reason why a person whose meshakeh is actually not not kosher for witness? Because he's not, it's talking about somebody who constantly spends and wastes his time with this sort of sport. And he's not actually somebody who's being used to behaving like the normal way of behavior. Normal way of behavior is a person should go to work. And since this person is spending his time playing cards or dice or whatever it may be, he's not a person who's oystered with the forthcomingness of the world. He's not doing anything for the world in general. And therefore, he's somebody who doesn't take life seriously. Because otherwise, he would be an honest working person. And since he doesn't do that, we cannot trust him when it comes to giving witness. That he might, we can't be contrasted. He'll tell the truth always. We might, we're worried that he, for a few pennies, he might say false witness because he's not somebody who takes the whole idea of of the world system, the world's, uh, going in a certain way. He doesn't take that seriously. Therefore, he's possible for Adus.

Now, why a contour of Ashi playing with dice, let's consider it, or betting today is not a problem of Asmachta? Why isn't it? At the end of the day, the person is not really willingly giving his money away. He's only giving his money away because he lost. But in preference, he would definitely prefer to to win.

So Rashi explains us that is not Asmachta. What is considered is somebody, uh, who accepts upon himself to do a certain work. In the olden days, maybe nowadays as well, the time of the Gemara, there was an agreement. The person had a field and he would like, as it were, rent it out to somebody else to work the field. And he said to the person, you work in my field and we share a certain way the profits. A certain, it's called an Oris. You take the field, I get, uh, 30, 40, 50 percent according to our agreement. And the person who takes the field and accepts upon himself to work, yeah, he says that if I don't work, if I decide to go on holiday and I leave the field just, uh, fallow and I don't work it, I will pay you full money. He said, I'll pay you a large amount of money.

So the worker who accepts upon himself to be the manager of the field and to work it and to bring the profit the way he should do, says, if I don't keep my word, I'll pay you a large amount of money, much more than he really would have had to would have come out of the field itself. That is an Asmachta. A person is exaggerating. He says, if I don't work, I pay you 10 times the amount of of what usually will come out of the field. Then it's an Asmachta.

But in our case of playing dice, when a person has nothing to rely on, there's no way that you can say when I'm throwing the dice, or I can say when I throw the dice, I'm I presume I'm going to win. There's no presumption. You can't say I rely that I'm going to win. And that what I didn't win, that wasn't really in the realm of my thoughts because nobody can say that he knows which way the dice is going to fall. It's a complete, complete fate in the hands of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The way the dice is going to fall.

If a person says, if I don't work, then I'll pay you a large amount of money, so the person can say, look, I exaggerated. I intended to work. I'm not somebody who does nothing. I intended, I agreed with you to take on your field to work it as it should be done, to plow and sow and all the rest of it, and reap, and then we will share the profits. I said it to in order to encourage myself not to be lazy. I said, if I don't do it, I'll pay you 10 times the amount. That's an exaggeration. I didn't intend being lazy. I was always relying on the fact that I'd be a normal person. So there, a person can say that exaggeration is what's known as Asmachta.

But if a person has nothing to rely on at all, when I'm betting with you, who, which way the dice will fall, there's absolutely no way I can say I relied that I was going to fall on the six. You have a one in six chance that it's going to fall on anything else but the six. I believe was it one and five, um, I think it's called what comes out. Now, so therefore, because we're talking about somebody who has nothing else to do besides playing dice, that's what he does all day. So since he's a person who's not being, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh,1. And the obvious choice for1 this title was connected to Purim because Purim is this week and Purim is Al-Shame, which is which is to do with the with the Goral, the Goral which Haman threw. So it's somehow connected to to this week's events.

And to start, the question is, is one allowed to buy a lotto ticket? Which means to say that the person fills in a certain amount of numbers on a little piece of paper, and then he registers these numbers. And sometime later, there's an organization which chooses numbers somehow or other. And if you're lucky and your numbers are the right numbers, then you win the big prize.

Um, we have a Mishnah in Sanhedrin which says as follows: The Mishnah is discussing people who are not kosher to give testimony, to be witnesses according to Jewish law. And the Mishnah says, these are the people who are not kosher to be a witness: Hamash, somebody who plays Koviya.

Now, the Gemara explains that this Koviya is it's a way of betting where a person would, uh, they would two people would agree to throw something like a piece of walrus or a piece of bone, or nowadays it could be a dice. And they agreed that if it falls on one side, one person will get the money, or if it falls on the other side, the other person will get the money. There was sort of a betting system. So the Mishnah says clearly, people who are meshakeh, who use this betting, who play with this, uh, Koviya, are not allowed to be kosher witnesses. They're not to be judges.

And the Gemara continues, Meshakeh, what's wrong with doing that? What's wrong with a harmful game of, uh, playing like that? So the Gemara says, there's a discussion between Rava and Rav Ashi. Rava says that the reason why it's not kosher for witnesses is, mishum, the if you have an agreement is not a valid agreement. What does that mean? So Rashi tells us straight away, a person doesn't willingly give this away. He's relying on something which might not happen. So he thinks that he can win. Uh, sometimes he loses.

So Rashi tells us that the problem with Asmachta is that you have an agreement where you hope one thing. You hope you're going to win the bet, and sometimes you lose. And therefore, the person who agreed to pay, if I make a bet with you and I say, if it falls on a six, I'll pay you a hundred dollars, and it falls on a five, and I lose, I'm not really happy to pay you. It's just something which I hoped wouldn't happen. And therefore, my word to you that I will pay you if it doesn't fall on the six, or whatever the agreement may be, is not something which is binding upon me. And similarly, if you would, uh, if I would win, you wouldn't have to pay me either.

And if nevertheless, you pay the person who's taking the money is taking it against the real free will of the person who's giving it. It's not like actually so far as putting your hand into somebody's pocket and picking out his wallet. That's definitely Gazella. But this is something like Gazella because the agreement between the two parties is not actually a true binding agreement. And therefore, if somebody constantly plays like that, he is being going against the the Torah of stealing. And therefore, a person who steals is possible for Adus. That's the idea of Rava to explain the Mishnah.

Rav Ashi, however, says, no, that cannot be the reason why a person should be possible for Adus, should be a knowledge from being a kosher witness. He says, Koviya hai, that sort of game is not considered to be the problem of Asmachta. And Rav Ashi will soon tell us why.

So, what is the true reason why a person whose meshakeh is actually not not kosher for witness? Because he's not, it's talking about somebody who constantly spends and wastes his time with this sort of sport. And he's not actually somebody who's being used to behaving like the normal way of behavior. Normal way of behavior is a person should go to work. And since this person is spending his time playing cards or dice or whatever it may be, he's not a person who's oystered with the forthcomingness of the world. He's not doing anything for the world in general. And therefore, he's somebody who doesn't take life seriously. Because otherwise, he would be an honest working person. And since he doesn't do that, we cannot trust him when it comes to giving witness. That he might, we can't be contrasted. He'll tell the truth always. We might, we're worried that he, for a few pennies, he might say false witness because he's not somebody who takes the whole idea of of the world system, the world's, uh, going in a certain way. He doesn't take that seriously. Therefore, he's possible for Adus.

Now, why a contour of Ashi playing with dice, let's consider it, or betting today is not a problem of Asmachta? Why isn't it? At the end of the day, the person is not really willingly giving his money away. He's only giving his money away because he lost. But in preference, he would definitely prefer to to win.

So Rashi explains us that is not Asmachta. What is considered is somebody, uh, who accepts upon himself to do a certain work. In the olden days, maybe nowadays as well, the time of the Gemara, there was an agreement. The person had a field and he would like, as it were, rent it out to somebody else to work the field. And he said to the person, you work in my field and we share a certain way the profits. A certain, it's called an Oris. You take the field, I get, uh, 30, 40, 50 percent according to our agreement. And the person who takes the field and accepts upon himself to work, yeah, he says that if I don't work, if I decide to go on holiday and I leave the field just, uh, fallow and I don't work it, I will pay you full money. He said, I'll pay you a large amount of money.

So the worker who accepts upon himself to be the manager of the field and to work it and to bring the profit the way he should do, says, if I don't keep my word, I'll pay you a large amount of money, much more than he really would have had to would have come out of the field itself. That is an Asmachta. A person is exaggerating. He says, if I don't work, I pay you 10 times the amount of of what usually will come out of the field. Then it's an Asmachta.

But in our case of playing dice, when a person has nothing to rely on, there's no way that you can say when I'm throwing the dice, or I can say when I throw the dice, I'm I presume I'm going to win. There's no presumption. You can't say I rely that I'm going to win. And that what I didn't win, that wasn't really in the realm of my thoughts because nobody can say that he knows which way the dice is going to fall. It's a complete, complete fate in the hands of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The way the dice is going to fall.

If a person says, if I don't work, then I'll pay you a large amount of money, so the person can say, look, I exaggerated. I intended to work. I'm not somebody who does nothing. I intended, I agreed with you to take on your field to work it as it should be done, to plow and sow and all the rest of it, and reap, and then we will share the profits. I said it to in order to encourage myself not to be lazy. I said, if I don't do it, I'll pay you 10 times the amount. That's an exaggeration. I didn't intend being lazy. I was always relying on the fact that I'd be a normal person. So there, a person can say that exaggeration is what's known as Asmachta.

But if a person has nothing to rely on at all, when I'm betting with you, who, which way the dice will fall, there's absolutely no way I can say I relied that I was going to fall on the six. You have a one in six chance that it's going to fall on anything else but the six. I believe was it one and five, um, I think it's called what comes out. Now, so therefore, because we're talking about somebody who has nothing else to do besides playing dice, that's what he does all day. So since he's a person who's not being, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh,1. And the obvious choice for this title was connected to Purim because Purim is this week and Purim is Al-Shame, which is which is to do with the with the Goral, the Goral which Haman threw. So it's somehow connected to to this week's events.

And to start, the question is, is one allowed to buy a lotto ticket? Which means to say that the person fills in a certain amount of numbers on a little piece of paper, and then he registers these numbers. And sometime later, there's an organization which chooses numbers somehow or other. And if you're lucky and your numbers are the right numbers, then you win the big prize.

Um, we have a Mishnah in Sanhedrin which says as follows: The Mishnah is discussing people who are not kosher to give testimony, to be witnesses according to Jewish law. And the Mishnah says, these are the people who are not kosher to be a witness: Hamash, somebody who plays Koviya.

Now, the Gemara explains that this Koviya is it's a way of betting where a person would, uh, they would two people would agree to throw something like a piece of walrus or a piece of bone, or nowadays it could be a dice. And they agreed that if it falls on one side, one person will get the money, or if it falls on the other side, the other person will get the money. There was sort of a betting system. So the Mishnah says clearly, people who are meshakeh, who use this betting, who play with this, uh, Koviya, are not allowed to be kosher witnesses. They're not to be judges.

And the Gemara continues, Meshakeh, what's wrong with doing that? What's wrong with a harmful game of, uh, playing like that? So the Gemara says, there's a discussion between Rava and Rav Ashi. Rava says that the reason why it's not kosher for witnesses is, mishum, the if you have an agreement is not a valid agreement. What does that mean? So Rashi tells us straight away, a person doesn't willingly give this away. He's relying on something which might not happen. So he thinks that he can win. Uh, sometimes he loses.

So Rashi tells us that the problem with Asmachta is that you have an agreement where you hope one thing. You hope you're going to win the bet, and sometimes you lose. And therefore, the person who agreed to pay, if I make a bet with you and I say, if it falls on a six, I'll pay you a hundred dollars, and it falls on a five, and I lose, I'm not really happy to pay you. It's just something which I hoped wouldn't happen. And therefore, my word to you that I will pay you if it doesn't fall on the six, or whatever the agreement may be, is not something which is binding upon me. And similarly, if you would, uh, if I would win, you wouldn't have to pay me either.

And if nevertheless, you pay the person who's taking the money is taking it against the real free will of the person who's giving it. It's not like actually so far as putting your hand into somebody's pocket and picking out his wallet. That's definitely Gazella. But this is something like Gazella because the agreement between the two parties is not actually a true binding agreement. And therefore, if somebody constantly plays like that, he is being going against the the Torah of stealing. And therefore, a person who steals is possible for Adus. That's the idea of Rava to explain the Mishnah.

Rav Ashi, however, says, no, that cannot be the reason why a person should be possible for Adus, should be a knowledge from being a kosher witness. He says, Koviya hai, that sort of game is not considered to be the problem of Asmachta. And Rav Ashi will soon tell us why.

So, what is the true reason why a person whose meshakeh is actually not not kosher for witness? Because he's not, it's talking about somebody who constantly spends and wastes his time with this sort of sport. And he's not actually somebody who's being used to behaving like the normal way of behavior. Normal way of behavior is a person should go to work. And since this person is spending his time playing cards or dice or whatever it may be, he's not a person who's oystered with the forthcomingness of the world. He's not doing anything for the world in general. And therefore, he's somebody who doesn't take life seriously. Because otherwise, he would be an honest working person. And since he doesn't do that, we cannot trust him when it comes to giving witness. That he might, we can't be contrasted. He'll tell the truth always. We might, we're worried that he, for a few pennies, he might say false witness because he's not somebody who takes the whole idea of of the world system, the world's, uh, going in a certain way. He doesn't take that seriously. Therefore, he's possible for Adus.

Now, why a contour of Ashi playing with dice, let's consider it, or betting today is not a problem of Asmachta? Why isn't it? At the end of the day, the person is not really willingly giving his money away. He's only giving his money away because he lost. But in preference, he would definitely prefer to to win.

So Rashi explains us that is not Asmachta. What is considered is somebody, uh, who accepts upon himself to do a certain work. In the olden days, maybe nowadays as well, the time of the Gemara, there was an agreement. The person had a field and he would like, as it were, rent it out to somebody else to work the field. And he said to the person, you work in my field and we share a certain way the profits. A certain, it's called an Oris. You take the field, I get, uh, 30, 40, 50 percent according to our agreement. And the person who takes the field and accepts upon himself to work, yeah, he says that if I don't work, if I decide to go on holiday and I leave the field just, uh, fallow and I don't work it, I will pay you full money. He said, I'll pay you a large amount of money.

So the worker who accepts upon himself to be the manager of the field and to work it and to bring the profit the way he should do, says, if I don't keep my word, I'll pay you a large amount of money, much more than he really would have had to would have come out of the field itself. That is an Asmachta. A person is exaggerating. He says, if I don't work, I pay you 10 times the amount of of what usually will come out of the field. Then it's an Asmachta.

But in our case of playing dice, when a person has nothing to rely on, there's no way that you can say when I'm throwing the dice, or I can say when I throw the dice, I'm I presume I'm going to win. There's no presumption. You can't say I rely that I'm going to win. And that what I didn't win, that wasn't really in the realm of my thoughts because nobody can say that he knows which way the dice is going to fall. It's a complete, complete fate in the hands of Hakadosh Baruch Hu. The way the dice is going to fall.

If a person says, if I don't work, then I'll pay you a large amount of money, so the person can say, look, I exaggerated. I intended to work. I'm not somebody who does nothing. I intended, I agreed with you to take on your field to work it as it should be done, to plow and sow and all the rest of it, and reap, and then we will share the profits. I said it to in order to encourage myself not to be lazy. I said, if I don't do it, I'll pay you 10 times the amount. That's an exaggeration. I didn't intend being lazy. I was always relying on the fact that I'd be a normal person. So there, a person can say that exaggeration is what's known as Asmachta.

But if a person has nothing to rely on at all, when I'm betting with you, who, which way the dice will fall, there's absolutely no way I can say I relied that I was going to fall on the six. You have a one in six chance that it's going to fall on anything else but the six. I believe was it one and five, um, I think it's called what comes out. Now, so therefore, because we're talking about somebody who has nothing else to do besides playing dice, that's what he does all day. So since he's a person who's not being, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, uh, 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