Transcription
Assalamu Alaikum Wa Rahmatullahi. Imam Nawawi's 40 Hadith. From these, today we will discuss the fifth Hadith. The fifth Hadith is mainly about Bid'ah. This Hadith discusses a Hadith from the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) regarding when something new is introduced into the religion. If we look at the Hadith directly, we will see that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, Ummul Mu'minin Umm Abdullah Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "Whoever introduces something into our religion that is not part of it, then it will be rejected." Bukhari and Muslim, in another narration in Muslim, it is said, "Whoever does an action that we have not commanded, then it will be rejected." If we look at the meaning, it is said that Ummul Mu'minin Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) narrated that she said the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said that whoever introduces something new into our religion that is not part of the religion, then it will be rejected. In Bukhari and Muslim, it is said in another Hadith in Muslim Shareef that whoever does an action that we have not commanded, then it will be rejected. So, here we see that in this Hadith, which Imam Nawawi has narrated, it is said in Bukhari and Muslim Shareef that anything new introduced in matters of religion will not be acceptable. And in Muslim Shareef, there is a Hadith of the same kind where it is said that any action done in matters of religion other than what has been commanded will not be acceptable. So, regarding the narrator of this Hadith, the first thing we discuss is who narrated the Hadith and from where it was taken. Regarding the narrator, we see that it was narrated by Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her), and when mentioning Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her), first we see it is said, Ummul Mu'minin. What does Ummul Mu'minin mean? Ummul Mu'minin means "Mother of the Believers," meaning the mother of the believers. Where did this title come from? We see that all the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) are called Ummul Mu'minin, and Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Himself gave this title in Surah Al-Ahzab. Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala gave this title to all of us Ummul Mu'minin, meaning all the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), to honor them. Through this, we see their high status from Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala. Then we see that Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) has a Kunyah. Kunyah means a nickname. In Arabia, we see it was customary for everyone to have a Kunyah or nickname, which usually comes from "Umm" or "Abu." Meaning, the mother of so-and-so, the father of so-and-so, named after their child. So, Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) was called Umm Abdullah. We know that Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) did not have any children of her own. So, what does it mean to call her Umm Abdullah? Abdullah is her nephew. Abdullah ibn Zubayr (may Allah be pleased with him) was the son of her sister Asma (may Allah be pleased with her). So, Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) once said to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), "Everyone has a Kunyah, but I don't have one." Then the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) said, "Alright, let your Kunyah be after your nephew Abdullah; you are Umm Abdullah." From there, we see that Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) was later known as Umm Abdullah. So, another identity of Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) that we know is that she is respectfully called As-Siddiqah bint As-Siddiq, meaning she is the truthful one, the daughter of the truthful one. And she had another nickname or title, which can be called Al-Habibah bint Al-Habib, meaning she was the beloved daughter of the beloved one. This means that the person most loved by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), and as the daughter of Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him), Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) was also very much loved by the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). And we know that among the wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) was a very dear person to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him). So, we see this through various incidents that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) liked Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) very much, and when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was asked who his most beloved person was, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) replied, Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her). Then, when he was asked who among men was most beloved to him, he said, his father, meaning Abu Bakr (may Allah be pleased with him). Regarding Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her), it can be said that she was born into Islam; when the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was born, her entire family had accepted Islam. She was married to the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) at the age of six. So, there are many different accounts regarding this. However, we can say that according to the customs of that time, marriage at this age was not very incongruous. According to the prevailing rules of that time, marriage at this age was not something new. And she came to the household of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) at the age of nine, and her marital relationship with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) was very beautiful, and we know that she was very intelligent. She had a beautiful relationship with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and her memory was very sharp. When Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) was 18 years old, the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) passed away, and he passed away in the lap of Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her). And her grave was also in the house of Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her). After that, she lived for 48 to 50 years, and her funeral prayer was led by Abu Hurayrah (may Allah be pleased with him). And we know of a significant incident in the life of Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) where slander was spread in her name, and in that context, verses of the Quran were revealed. In that case, we see that Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Himself revealed verses of the Quran regarding Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her), and Allah Subhanahu Wa Ta'ala Himself declared her purity. And we see that even after the death of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) continuously strived for the knowledge and propagation of Islam, and many people learned about Islam from her. And she taught about various matters of Islam to various Companions and their subsequent generations. Regarding the Fiqh and the personal life of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), she continuously taught about it throughout her life, and we know that approximately 1210 Hadith have been narrated from her, and most of those Hadith have found a place in Bukhari Shareef and Muslim Shareef. So, from the incidents in the life of Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her), we see that along with her own strong desire for knowledge, she also greatly enjoyed imparting knowledge. Hisham ibn Urwah, who was a prominent narrator of Hadith, said, "I have not seen anyone with more knowledge of the Quran, knowledge of obligatory deeds, knowledge of Sunnah, poetry, history, lineage, meaning knowledge of relationships, and judgment, and medicine than Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her)." I once asked her, "What about medicine? How did you learn about medicine, Auntie?" Then she said, "When I was sick, I learned from the medicine that the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) used to give me, and I also learned from the medicines he used to give to others." So, from this, we see that just as she had a desire to learn, she also taught them to others. So, Ayesha (may Allah be pleased with her) spent a significant part of her life with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), and along with that, she learned from him, and she was a Hafizah of the Quran. And two other wives of the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him), Hafsa bint Umar and Umm Salama (may Allah be pleased with her), had also memorized the Quran. So, from her desire to learn, she had considerable knowledge of the Quran and Sunnah and other Fiqh, which she later taught to others, and she continued to disseminate this knowledge throughout her life. And the source of this Hadith is said to be Bukhari and Muslim, and both are reliable Hadith books. These two are collectively called Muttafaq Alayh, meaning that reliable Hadith are narrated in them, and this Hadith has been taken from there. Regarding the importance of this Hadith, it is said that these two Hadith, this Hadith is extremely important, and the first Hadith, which we know as the first Hadith of Imam Nawawi, where the importance of intention is discussed, and this fifth Hadith, these two are called the basic foundation, and everyone should know these two Hadith. It is said that the basic foundation of Islam is built by combining these two Hadith.