Transcription
PSM was okay. Okay. This time quite easy, I should say. Not moderate. I should say. Not moderate. Yes, sir. I am young, actually. Uh, sir, PSM was quite easy this time. It was actually easy, not moderate, I should say. Out of the 19 questions, around 15 were easily attemptable by anyone and everyone, and I'm sure other four also most of the students have attempted correctly.
Let's quickly go through the questions, friends. Let's look at the first question. Uh, here they were asked the incidence rate. So quickly we apply the formula: total number of new cases upon total population at risk. 10 had already developed measles earlier; that means they were no longer susceptible, so 90 were susceptible, and it is calculated per thousand, so that will come to 22.2, but they asked in percentage, so that will come to 22.2%. Please remember those who have developed measles earlier or got the measles vaccine are always immune; they are no longer susceptible, and the denominator of incidence always includes the at-risk population only.
This question was on the dependency ratio, again a repeat question, such an easy question. Dependency ratio is non-earning upon earning population. Non-earning is below 15 and above 65, so a total of 6,200,000 divided by the remaining 15 to 64-year population, that was 12,000. So this was a direct question, direct formula, easy; 66. So we can call it as 66 non-earning depend on 100 earning for survival. If you remember, we took the same example in main videos also and mission classes also; the answer came 66.
Question three: organize the following steps in the correct sequence. I think again I should say this was one of the easy questions. Remember when we discussed the classification of epidemiological studies in mission classes, main videos, or rapid revision videos, you must have remembered what was the first thing. The first thing I always mentioned was make a hypothesis. Possibly smoking is the cause of lung cancer. Possibly the INICT exam is going to come very easy. Right? So make a hypothesis. Then you draw your research objective design. How am I going to do it? Should I take a cohort study, case control, cross-sectional, ecological? Then select your population and finally do data analysis. So choice number C, your research study always starts with a research question. So you need to have a question in front of you first, then you proceed forward with the study design.
Question number four: find the incorrect combination. This was a fairly easy question. Biostatistics I think was very easy this time. Mean and median are not measures of dispersion; they are measures of central tendency. Standard error represents one of the types of variation or dispersion. The coefficient of correlation that we find through a scatter diagram is a relationship between two quantitative variables. And skewness is when data is not symmetrical like a normal distribution; it is asymmetric. Right? So that was an easy question. We were asked to find out the incorrect combination.
Okay, students, in this question, there was confusion. So please let me know. Two types of questions were told to me by the students. One was maintaining the medical records. The second question was data security and privacy because your answer will depend on this. So could you please kindly confirm in the chat box? I'm looking at the chat box. Okay. Skos was moments; that is correct. Can you tell me about what was in this question? Maintaining the medical question? Maintaining the medical records or the data security and privacy? If it was related to security, then in the main videos, if you remember the National Digital Health Mission, this is responsible for data security overall; for maintaining medical records, your favorite body, the national medical commission, is the answer. So depending on the language of the question, maximum students are saying data security was asked. So we now have the national health authority, national digital health mission, right? Mission, right?
Okay. Quartiles, tertiles are measures of this; we have discussed this in our mission classes, live classes, rapid revision everywhere. It is locations. So quartiles, tertiles, pentiles, and centiles. These four examples I gave you, right? So let's move further.
Which of the following is not a component of RMS CH plus A strategy? Again, in mission classes, we discussed this. So students who have attended the mission classes in detail, I'm sure they must be feeling happy today, right? So reproductive health, which will include family planning, maternal health, newborn health, child health, plus A is adolescent health. So depending on the choices, you'll mark the answer. In case any choice is not matching, as of now, friends, don't worry; the idea is to get the question correct. Any choice I have missed somewhere, I will leave my mobile number with you. Please feel free to WhatsApp the correct choice or the language of the question. It is my personal number, in case I have missed somewhere. Right? We will correct the language of these questions subsequently. This is based on what students have told me.
As per the MTP act of India, two doctor's opinions. This I think we have discussed; low risk below 20 weeks, 20 to 24 weeks, two doctor's opinions are required for doing MTP, right? Okay, the same question was there, then another; there were two questions from the MTP act of India because they asked the minimum age for undergoing MTP, so what the MTP act says. Dr. Ratul will also confirm this. We'll go by the forensic answer ultimately. Actually, the minimum age for undergoing MTP is 18 years. But in cases of minors, then consent has to be taken from the legal guardian, and students told me that actually the consent was nothing was mentioned about the consent in the question. So friends, look at the minimum age; generally, it is 18 years, but below that also it is permissible. No defined lower limit I could find in the MTP act of India. Still, it is 18 years; below 18, it can be done with the consent from a legal guardian. This we have to remember.
There was a question on Mahakuma. What was the purpose of mobile medical vans? Older question; remember the mobile medical unit was asked in INIC a few years ago. So this is the same. See, this question you can solve logically also. It will not be to reduce the number of health workers. Why will we quarantine hundreds and thousands of people? Yes, it can give us some information on the early outbreak of diarrhea, respiratory infection. But the mobile van unit we have discussed in levels of prevention. What is the major purpose? Secondary level of prevention to diagnose with lab tests, and they are fully equipped to give primary care as well as management of common emergency problems. This you have to remember, right? Right?
Okay. Then there's a question on a medical officer at PHC collecting data for disease burden. You divide diseased people into mild, moderate, and severe groups. Groups. Groups means traits or layers. You are doing stratification, and after that, you are selecting units from each group. Now you're doing sampling. So this is stratified random sampling. Stratified random. Stratified random sampling.
Best timing for copper 380 insertion. Please could you please confirm was this actually asked in the question? Good question, good compliance. Was this the exact language of the question? I'm looking at the chat box, friends. I'll give 15 seconds because there is a delay in the live transmission always. Okay, if it was multiple options in this particular question, then we know this is done immediately postpartum and within the first 7 to 10 days of the menstrual cycle; this is considered best. So if a multiple response option, this question was there. So the RCS program says best is within 48 hours of delivery. But we can also do it immediately postpartum and within the first 7 days of a menstrual cycle.
According to the RCH program of India, not given to a child with; if we have discussed already in the admission classes, if there is an immunodeficiency, the vaccine contraindicated is live attenuated vaccines. So MMR is live attenuated; it is contraindicated; others are reasonably safe to be given. Right? Okay. Okay.
This was a question from communicable disease vector-borne diseases. I told you that the rickettsial disease table we have to remember; the question will come on either the vector or the reservoir. So we know Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a tick, rickettsial pox is a mite, epidemic typhus is known as louse-borne typhus, endemic typhus or murine typhus is known as flea-borne typhus. So this is C, D, A, and B. Choice number C. The order of the choices, of course, may be different. This is what students have told us. Right? Okay. Blackfly, in case it was in the choice, one of the students is asking about blackfly; if it was there, it is the vector of a disease which does not exist in India: onchocerciasis. Among all the vectors, blackfly has the highest flight range also, of 100 miles. Miles. Right.
Which of the following is not a high-risk group for HIV? Friends, this was an easy question. Repeat question from the previous paper. If you attended the INIC session yesterday, this was there in that session also. Long-distance truck drivers, according to the National AIDS Control Program, are the bridge population. When we look at these three high-risk groups, how do they transmit the disease to the general population? It is via the bridge population. So long-distance truck drivers come in contact with commercial sex workers, and these are the bridge population. They take back the infection to their spouses, back to their homes. Right? Okay.
Definition of blindness. One of the easiest questions. Less than 3/60 after best possible correction. Definitely. This is the same definition in the national program for the control of blindness, visual impairment, as well as the WHO definition currently. Right. Right. Okay.
In a group of patients with diabetes, look at the question; their weights were compared before and after. When we look at a quantitative variable like weight, what are we looking at? Metric data. So the best measure of central tendency is the mean. So you are comparing the mean before and after an intervention. So this is a paired student t-test. If they tell you diabetes in males versus diabetes in females, we are comparing their weights, then it will become an unpaired student t-test. If they compare the proportion of diabetics before intervention to after intervention, that is a sign test. If they compare the proportion of diabetes in males versus females, that will become a chi-square test, right? Okay.
So I'm sure everyone has attempted all these questions so far easily and correctly. Okay, friends, this you will have to help me with quickly. I'll wrap up the session. There was some question wherein the choice Ayushman Arogya Mandr was given. So can you tell me if there was a question on this, friends? Okay, in this question, if there was a group of 100 patients, if the sample size is mentioned and the choice also mentions the z-test, then the z-test is going to be a better answer. This we have discussed, right? Okay. Okay, there was no question on Ayushman Bharat Mandr. Okay, I delete this question. Otherwise, it is the new name of the health and wellness center at many places.
Was there any question on prevalence? Could you please confirm? I quickly wrap up the session. If the sample size was not mentioned or even if the sample size was mentioned and only the paired student t-test was in the choice, then paired is a better answer. Okay, there was a question on hypertension. Friends, I'll make, uh, structure the question with your help. I'll leave my number with you. There was no question on prevalence, only on incidence.
Was there any question on HPV vaccine strains? In case it was there, we have discussed; the most common in India is 16 and 18. 6 and 11 is the second most common; 31 and 33 is the third most common, so we have Cervarix, which is bivalent; we have Gardasil, which is quadrivalent; we also have India's own vaccine, Cervac, which is quadrivalent, and we have a nonavalent vaccine, Gardasil 9, also, which includes 45, 52, and 58 strains also, right, in case there was a question on human papilloma vaccine viral strains.
Was there a question on the Western blot assay? I presume it was more of a microbiology question or a biochemistry question. What I can tell you from the national health program, AIDS control program, is it is based on proteins. We discussed, if you remember in class, it is a protein-based test. So Southern is for DNA, Northern is for RNA, and Western is for protein. Right?
Okay, friends, in case you find any other question from RCT trials, health and disease screening, healthcare systems, international health, planning, management, communication, environment, nutrition, please you can send the question to my WhatsApp number; audio, text, written on paper, as a photograph is also sufficient. And friends, I believe you have done amazingly well in the paper. PSM was easy as expected this time. I wish you all the best. May you score marks much more than what you are expecting. Thank you so much.