Transcription
Written lies can never hide the truth written in blood. In a village, the villagers were burning crosses. A father felt that the villagers had gone mad. But his younger brother asked, "Big brother, why are we so poor?" The elder brother said, "What is there to ask? The nobles are responsible for fighting, and the peasants are responsible for paying taxes. Isn't that how it is?" "But, what I don't understand is the clergy." The clergy said, "As long as you live diligently, humbly, and simply, you will receive salvation." We believed these doctrines, so we paid church taxes. But what about those clergy? They preach poverty to us, yet they buy and sell church offices for profit. They feast all day with our taxes. They even get drunk and act wildly in taverns. They even buy the children of the poor. Why does the church need luxurious and dazzling decorations? Why do believers need to be divided into upper and lower classes? Why, when we face this situation, can we only remain silent and obedient? Although the elder brother understood his brother's questions, he believed that violent means would only deepen the division within the C Church. If this continues, everyone in the village will become a heretic. The younger brother understood. "It seems we still cannot understand each other." He pulled out a dagger and slashed at his elder brother. After his elder brother died, he looked at his elder brother's wife and son. The mother voluntarily stabbed the younger brother with a knife and then told her son to escape. While the two were struggling, the son successfully escaped. The scene shifts to a carriage, where the detained heretic, Schmidt, is being taken for interrogation at the Inquisition. Schmidt is a member of the "Heretic Liberation Front." They attack Inquisitions everywhere to liberate heretics. Schmidt's squad is a particularly radical one. The Inquisitor asks, "Do you want to kill God?" Schmidt replies, "No, you are already killing God. First, I believe God exists. Second, my goal is to resurrect God, who has been defiled by humanity. Third, for this purpose, I am working to weaken the orthodox C Church. I think you should also know that the authority of the orthodox faction is shaking. Not only us, but the times are also pursuing reform." He is not just a heretic; he wishes to deny everything about the C Church. He believes in no religion equally. He says he is a naturalist, but he is not. He will explain his beliefs later. He believes God exists in nature. Everything created by humans is an obstacle to God's existence. The Inquisitor finds this disgusting. So many people have been killed for blind faith and fallacies. Regardless, you have been captured. But Schmidt says, "The advantage is mine." The Inquisitor thought he was bluffing, but when they removed his hood, they found a helmet underneath. "Well, let's begin." Schmidt's two accomplices rush into the Inquisition. The Inquisitor immediately calls the guards to protect himself. The guards arrive quickly, and they are outnumbered. The Liberation Front has three objectives: First, suppress the guards with three against ten. Second, retrieve a certain item from the storage room below them. Third, retreat. Retreating through the main gate is too troublesome, so they need to create a new exit. This sounds very difficult, so they need a smart, efficient, cautious, and groundbreaking solution. Ladies and gentlemen, do you know gunpowder? The guards in the rural Inquisition do not. The people from the Front explain: "Simply put, with a 'boom,' three problems can be solved." Then, he throws a torch, and with a 'boom,' gunpowder, formulated by this person named Frey, is very successful. The three from the Front use shields to block the explosion, and all the guards are blown to death. A large hole is also blasted into the ground and walls. They remove their helmets. "We are going to move the Earth." The three obtain the target item and prepare to flee. As they leave, they encounter three heretics who have been liberated and want to join the Liberation Front. But Schmidt requires them to pass a test before joining: hold the Bible and say, "I do not believe." However, the heretics only oppose the orthodox faction, not the C Church, so they cannot do it. But Schmidt wants to destroy the C Church. Only by thoroughly destroying the impure framework created by humans, in God's natural order, can humans survive. But the heretics believe this is no different from being beasts. Schmidt says humans are no different from beasts. We are not inherently capable of properly using our intellect. Half-baked reason only produces fallacies, and fallacies produce tragedy. The heretics cannot accept this idea and part ways with the Liberation Front. On the carriage, Schmidt and Frey are discussing the book they retrieved. Frey has read the book, and it indeed states that "the Earth is moving." Schmidt asks if it mentions Ockham or Badeni. Frey says no. They are taking this book to give to the leader of the Liberation Front. Frey asks where the leader is now. Schmidt says he cannot say until they arrive. This book is now the Liberation Front's most important mission. Soon, the carriage arrives at the target abandoned village to resupply before continuing their journey. After settling into an abandoned house in the village, Schmidt goes to get the prepared supplies. Frey remains in the room, continuing to check the book's contents. Suddenly, someone appears behind him with a sword. He thought Frey was a ruin thief and wanted to hand Frey over to the bishop. Frey has no choice but to put the book in a drawer and go with the person. But as soon as they leave the room, Frey is killed from behind by Schmidt. They discover there are people from the church and turn back to save Frey. If they want to get the book back, they need to hurry. But they encounter church people again midway. Frey says there are too many people, so it's better to retreat first and retrieve it later, as it's hidden in the room. The church people quickly return to report intruders. Bishop Anthony arrives here. The scene shifts. Duraka's father leaves behind only a pile of blood money as his遺物. The villagers say, "Your father is definitely in heaven; these are all God's will." Seeing the rising sun behind him, Duraka only feels disgust. Many years later, Duraka draws a map and gives it to the village chief, hoping the chief will listen to him. Duraka has thought of a more efficient way for the village to earn money: capitalism! Currently, the whole village shares the money equally, but some people will definitely be lazy. To make people more motivated, rewards should be given based on merit! This will accelerate competition among everyone and yield better results. The village chief is grateful for Duraka's help. He redraws the map of the abandoned village from memory, collects cloth, and promotes the division of labor among villagers to make production more efficient. Because he has made it so that villagers no longer have to steal or hunt, the village is prosperous enough. But we are already prosperous enough. We cannot be greedy. What is the point of earning more? Therefore, profit is a gift bestowed by God, and no one can monopolize it. It must be shared equally, and we must love our neighbors more. Duraka does not understand why. The village chief says it is God's teaching. But Duraka says this alone is not enough money. Money, to him, is security. But the money Duraka earned in the village is not enough to erase his anxiety about death. At night, Duraka brings food to his uncle. He finds that his uncle is stealing wine again and feigning illness to avoid work. Duraka asks his uncle what is wrong with his grand plan for capitalism. His uncle says the village has too few people, and doing this will cause the community to collapse. Even with more people, there will be conflict due to the wealth gap. The problem is that there is no mechanism to help the weak. Freedom without ethics is chaos. When a group operates, special attention must be paid. Duraka is worried that his fate might end like this. His uncle says no, you have faith, and your faith will guide you forward. It is not yet time. Duraka is encouraged and leaves his uncle's tent, walking towards the river. Seeing the rising sun in the sky, he only feels it is dazzling and hateful. When he was young, Duraka would cry by the river in the morning because his father died in the morning. Everyone said his father went to heaven. If he cried in front of everyone, it would seem like "God's will" was false. So his uncle comforted Duraka, saying: "God does not exist. There is no evidence of God's existence in the world. Those who do not believe in God actually have more choices. From now on, you no longer need to worry about God. And you must never let God deprive you of control over your emotions and the meaning of your existence. Second, think. To do this, learn to read and write. Not to be learned, but to learn to think. Transform information into knowledge. In this process, you will accumulate intellect. With intellect, you will gain the courage to stop and the boldness to move forward. By thinking in a godless world, you can generate faith. With faith, you can overcome anxiety and stop crying." After comforting him, his uncle leaves. Duraka looks at the money his father left behind and thinks. His father died hunting. The reason he went hunting was that he couldn't survive without hunting. If he had more money, he wouldn't have to do dangerous things. If he had more money, his father wouldn't have died. Lack of money only makes people unhappy. Lack of money makes people vulnerable. So I will work hard to earn money until the anxiety in my heart disappears. This is Duraka's faith. Here, Duraka's character is clearly designed as the opposite of Ockham. Ockham is male, does not value material possessions, believes in God and wants to go to heaven, and dislikes the night sky. Duraka is female, believes earning money is important, does not believe in God, and dislikes the morning sun. Why set up a completely opposite person? It is because of what Ockham said at the end of the second chapter: The essence of entrustment is to hand over to others whose inheritance is unknown. Therefore, the protagonist of the third chapter is a person completely opposite to the second chapter. At night, his uncle's addiction to alcohol leads him to a nearby abandoned village to find wine. He has a private wine cellar in the basement of a house in the abandoned village. He immediately drinks on the spot. But at this time, people from the church arrive because they have all discovered the wine in the basement. So they bring Bishop Anthony to get the wine, and they happen to encounter his uncle. Anthony sees that he is a nomad and wants to arrest this low-class贱民. His uncle wants to give all the wine to the bishop in exchange for his release. But Anthony has no intention of letting him go. At the same time, the church people discover three suspicious individuals in the abandoned village. Anthony suspects they are his uncle's accomplices. His uncle says he is alone. To save his life, he offers to offer something of greater commercial value in exchange for his release. What is it? A young girl. Anthony agrees and tells him to remember to bring it tomorrow. His uncle returns to the village and finds Duraka, saying he has something important to tell him. He cannot say what it is, but this matter will change your destiny. Duraka immediately says yes upon hearing that it will change his destiny. So on the second night, his uncle takes Duraka to the abandoned village. Before the bishop arrives, he tells Duraka to wait in that house for the moment to come. After entering the house, he idly pulls open a drawer in the table and discovers a book. He opens it and reads the contents: "Heaven and Earth do not have a hierarchy." After reading it, he feels it is extraordinary. Usually, books are about religion or academic articles, but this book is more like personal thoughts, and the content is very stimulating. What is stimulating is not only the content, but this book seems to be exploring something grander. Moreover, this book can make money. Duraka immediately thinks: Everyone accepts God because everyone is uneasy about the unknown. God is a form of salvation. Besides God, are there other ways to alleviate anxiety? "Entertainment." People generally prefer simple and easy-to-understand things. Perhaps entertainment will one day become accessible and exciting. If reading can become such entertainment, then this book has the potential to make a lot of money. And it is precisely in an era when people distrust the church. This book can change people's thinking and might be accepted by the current era. But how to produce it? Hand-copying is too time-consuming, and the quality varies greatly. Is this book already famous? But the book does not mention the author or the era. It only mentions at the end: "When the time is safe, please donate the proceeds to Potocki, with his detailed address." At this moment, his uncle returns to find Duraka. Duraka comes out of the room with a candle and the book, only to find the bishop and his entourage. Duraka quickly realizes that his uncle has sold him out. He asks the bishop, "Can people from the church do such a thing?" Anthony says, "How dare a mere nomad talk back? We, the C Church, are happy to accept you nomads converting and imparting civilization." Duraka scoffs, saying that is their typical rational and superior way of thinking. Others are undeveloped inferior races, so they must be guided to the right path. In reality, they constantly reject others. We converted to the C Church generations ago, and we are still discriminated against. It is because you are always like this that the church keeps splitting. Anthony retorts: "Listening to this man, you are quite intelligent. The villagers followed your instructions to collect cloth in the ruins. Why cloth? Normally, people would look for valuable treasures first?" Duraka replies: "It takes too much time to find those treasures, and the competition is fierce. To make a big profit, gold and silver treasures themselves are not the point. Treasures only decrease with use and do not appreciate. The most important thing to get money is through production. Cloth is very convenient for this. It is easy to process into clothing, bandages, or bags. That is, it can easily become a commodity." Anthony continues to ask: "What do you think will happen to the authority of the C Church in the future?" "It will be precarious." "How to prevent it?" "It cannot be prevented. So if you want to live a wealthy life in the future, you must make plans early. Understand the trends of the next generation." "Can you foresee it?" "I don't know, but if you can't foresee it, then there is only death." Anthony turns and tells Duraka to return to the church with him, as he has something to say to him. Knowing that Anthony is the bishop of the town in the southwest, Anthony asks Duraka what the book in his hand is and tells him to hand it over. Duraka has no choice but to hand it over. But as he hands over the book, someone cuts off the hand of a church subordinate with a sword. People from the Heretic Liberation Front arrive to kill the church people around Anthony. When the church people try to counterattack, they accidentally kill his uncle. Good riddance! Seeing that the situation is unfavorable, Anthony immediately flees. After the Liberation Front wins, they ask Duraka to give the book back to them. Duraka asks what the book is. Schmidt only tells him to hand it over. Duraka continues to ask what the book is. Schmidt emphasizes that it has nothing to do with him and tells him to hand it over. He grips his sword, preparing to use force if he doesn't comply. Duraka knows he cannot miss this opportunity. "You say this book has nothing to do with me, but I'm sorry. I came today to change my destiny. 'I remember all the contents. Although not 100%, my memory is good.'" Schmidt immediately asks Frey if he remembers, but Frey has only read half of it. Although they cannot be sure if Duraka can be trusted, they have no choice but to trust him. Schmidt decides to take Duraka to see the leader. On the carriage, Schmidt asks why he is willing to travel with them even if it means burning the book. Duraka directly says it's because the book can make money, and his belief is to make money. Schmidt then says he needs to be mentally prepared. What you will see next will be very painful for the orthodox C Church. But Duraka is not a believer at all. Schmidt is overjoyed. Schmidt and Duraka both believe the church's hierarchy is foolish. The world was not created for humans. But Duraka does not believe in God. Schmidt believes that if the world exists, there must be a creator. This God has no personality and cannot be explained. He worships nature simply because he feels it is "good." He dislikes religion because religion has a logic. Humans will never know God's motives. God has already decided my destiny, but I don't know where I will be led. Therefore, he does not believe in the intellect of those who try to understand the world. But Duraka disagrees. Humans grow through theory and intellect. Schmidt believes that growth and development themselves are unnatural. Why not produce just enough for the current need? Humans want to "enjoy" unnaturally, which leads to conflict and chaos in the world. However, are there not lives saved by technology? Lives that were destined to die, why save them with unnatural power? Duraka believes this makes them slaves of God. Schmidt says, "Why not ask God who is right?" He takes out a coin and says, "Heads, I'm right; tails, you're right." The result is heads. Duraka says he does not accept it, and moreover, he will not be determined by chance. Schmidt is clearly not a naturalist here. Duraka is, of course, a materialist atheist that everyone encounters. Schmidt is more like a Spinozist pantheist. Although Spinoza would not agree with over-inferring that humans should not develop or save lives, Schmidt's worldview is Spinozist natural theology. Spinoza has a famous quote: Deus sive Natura (God or Nature). Everything that exists is in God and can only be understood through God. It is not like Japanese Shintoism where everything has a spirit, but rather that everything itself is an infinite God. He believes that the universe as a whole, the natural order, and existence itself are manifestations of God. He believes that everything in the world is one substance, which is God. A good analogy is that God is the ocean, and the computer, phone, cola, and dessert in front of you are waves. You can call them waves, but waves are also the ocean. This ocean is God. And the pantheistic God is not a personal God like in Christianity. He believes that a personal God is humans projecting their psychological characteristics onto the universe. Humans project their desires onto nature, thinking that nature also has purposes like humans. To him, nature does not exist for humans. Humans are just a limited form within nature. Naturalism, on the other hand, seems to oppose explaining phenomena with the supernatural. Therefore, Schmidt is not a naturalist. He is a Spinozist pantheist. Returning to the story, Schmidt stops the carriage. It is sunrise, and he wants to bathe in the morning sun. He can feel God from it. But Duraka only feels pain when he sees the morning sun. The morning sun shines on everything in the world without permission. Even when I want to hide or not see the sun, it still rises without permission. It rises regularly every day, and no one can escape it. It reminds me of the phrase I hate the most: "destiny." I hate the morning sun the most. He will never understand the goodness of the morning sun until he dies. Back in the carriage, Duraka asks what they want the book for. Frey says they are almost at their destination, and they should tell them the mission content. Schmidt says there are three inventions that will shake the future world: First, gunpowder; second, the compass; third, the focus of this time, movable type printing. In the past, to print books, one had to either hand-copy them or engrave them page by page on wooden boards to print. But with movable type printing, one can use movable type templates, arrange them to create a movable type plate. Apply ink and print books conveniently, quickly, and on a large scale. Produce equally qualified copies in a short time. The content, era, and technology are all complete. The purpose of the Heretic Liberation Front is to publish that book. The leader believes that by broadcasting the book's content, it will strike a blow against the orthodox C Church. However, Frey does not understand the relationship between printing books and liberation activities. Schmidt replies, "We want to liberate information. Information in the current world is imprisoned. The freedom of information is closely related to the freedom of society. Therefore, publishing, liberating information, and giving freedom are very important." The book they plan to publish is circulated among the H faction of the C Church. The H faction refers to heretical sects that have had large-scale wars with the C Church. Here, the H faction refers to the famous Catholic heretic: the Hussites, starting with the letter H in Latin. The war with the Hussites was the Bohemian War. Huss was a theologian at Charles University in Prague. He criticized the corruption of the Catholic Church at the time. He opposed the church selling indulgences or using religious authority to amass wealth. He believed that the authority of the church should be the Bible, not the clergy. Later, Huss was burned at the stake. Therefore, the nobles of Bohemia clashed with the church and went to war. The Hussites can be considered the first shot of the Reformation. A hundred years later, Martin Luther's Reformation movement founded Protestantism. Many of his ideas were inspired by the Hussites of that time. One important ritual was that commoners could receive communion. Christianity has a ritual called the Eucharist. Simply put, during worship or Mass, there is a ritual where small pieces of bread and a little wine are given to believers. The bread symbolizes Christ's body, and the wine symbolizes Christ's blood. That is, it is actually eating the body of Jesus... Modern churches, because some people are sensitive to gluten, also have Gluten-Free communion wafers... This ritual is related to Jesus distributing bread and wine to his disciples at the Last Supper. But in the Middle Ages, communion was not given to commoners. Because commoners were clumsy when eating, it would disrupt the ritual and the sacred body. The Hussites believed that everyone could receive communion. The fact that you receive communion at church today was initiated by Huss. Therefore, the Hussites used the chalice as a symbol, which is that cup of holy blood wine. So the Bohemian War can also be understood as the Holy Grail War. Interestingly, the first internal shot against religious corruption was by the Hussites. Although they were later suppressed, centuries later, as a member state of the Soviet Union, the first internal shot against corrupt Soviet rule also came from the same place: the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia. Although both were eventually suppressed by the Soviet Union, coincidentally, both protests against corruption occurred in Czechoslovakia. Therefore, the Hussite Wars and the Prague Spring are important parts of the current Czech national narrative. Returning to the story, the carriage soon reaches its destination. They finally meet the leader of the Heretic Liberation Front, Yolanda. This episode is from volume six of the manga "The Earth - On the Movement of the Earth -". When I read the manga and learned that Yolanda was the leader of the Liberation Front, I was shocked. Yolanda chose to oppose the church because of what the church did to him and Ockham and Badeni. This is Yolanda's Ockham's Razor: "Unless necessary, do not increase entities." Ockham's Razor shaves off unnecessary assumptions in theories. Therefore, his nominalism believes that universals are just nouns, and nothing else. Yolanda's life has always been limited by unfounded assumptions, from being discriminated against for being a woman in research to being tortured for the heliocentric theory because it did not align with the bishop's wishes. Yolanda's life has been hindered by unnecessary assumptions. Compared to Duraka, it is clear that Yolanda was designed this way. In Duraka's story, her gender did not affect anything. Although Anthony is a scoundrel, he did not ignore Duraka because of her gender. After their first conversation, it is clear that he wants to use her as his own, not to kidnap her or do anything strange and inappropriate. In the village, it is clear that the village chief did not ignore her opinion because she was a woman. By the way, the nomadic people Duraka is discriminated against are clearly the Roma people. Her words are not ignored because of her gender. But Yolanda is the opposite; her story is established because of her gender. The author designed Yolanda differently because Yolanda represents people trapped by different assumptions. The part where Badeni posed a question in the middle of the second chapter shows how Yolanda was trapped by assumptions and broke through societal assumptions about women. The announcement board question was answered by herself. At the end, when the heliocentric theory was killed by the Inquisitor, it was because religious assumptions dictated that the heavens moved, not the Earth. Therefore, in the third chapter, she becomes the leader of the Heretic Liberation Front to break through the church's assumptions. She is like Ockham's Razor, shaving off assumptions that hinder her pursuit of truth. If the assumption of being a woman hinders her search for truth, she shaves off the assumption about women. If the church's assumptions hinder her search for truth, she shaves off the church's assumptions. Therefore, she forms the Heretic Liberation Front to remove the church as an obstacle to truth. At this point, let's look back at when Badeni and Yolanda first met. Badeni said Ockham's nominalism is very radical. Yolanda responded: "Pursuing truth also requires a fearless spirit." Combining Ockham's ideas with the Heretic Liberation Front, you will understand the author's arrangement of ideas and foreshadowing. A fearless spirit combined with Ockham's ideas leads him to challenge the church through the heretical liberation movement. That is why I said at the time that the initial self-introduction reflected Yolanda's choice.