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为什么今天会有人来找本·朗要钱呢?我想我骨子里就是一个建造者。我对那些正在创业的人们抱有很大的同情心。而且我认为我自己在做很多事情,这些事情可能会很有帮助,无论是寻找联合创始人、招募人才、获取早期用户,还是思考如何建立你的社区。这些都是我个人投入大量时间的事情。而且你知道,我只是希望作为一名投资者,能在我这边提供良好的服务。
非常高兴能邀请我的老朋友本·朗来到“投资”节目。很难称他为老朋友,因为本还非常年轻。但我们认识很久了,我们很快就会谈到这一点。本,你为什么不告诉大家你是谁呢?当然,我是本,我和妻子住在特拉维夫。我在美国湾区和纽约长大。我在拉斯读高中,之后搬到这里并在军队服役。现在已经在科技行业工作了一段时间。而且你知道,我是一个骄傲的犹太复国主义者,骄傲的犹太人。
你是如何进入科技行业的?我高中时就开始在eBay上卖东西。我想我祖父给了我一些他的相机设备去卖,我对此非常感兴趣。我开始在Craigslist上发广告,并在街上发传单,说“嘿,我帮你卖东西”。那时候卖东西还是很困难的,是的,不像现在这么简单,你不能像现在这样直接把东西放到Facebook Marketplace上。所以我开始只是帮助人们做这些,从中抽取佣金,并试图扩大规模。
你也负责打包和运输吗?你把它打包好送到邮局吗?是的,哦,是的,当然,我在我的卧室里做这些。我卖收藏品和电子产品,你知道,负责所有的运输。我每天放学后都在我的小卧室里做这些。你从中赚钱了吗?是的,我的意思是,你知道,这可能比我本来可以做的,比如割草,要好。是的,没错。是的,我之前也遛过狗,在某个时候,我觉得这个更赚钱一点,也更有趣,因为你知道,我必须学习如何推销自己并获得客户。从遛狗者到eBay卖家,这真是一个独特的职业道路。好的,但请大家了解一下你现在在做什么。
所以,是的,当然,嗯,我在Notion工作了五年。Notion是一个生产力工具,公司和个人用它来做项目管理、笔记、任务。我加入时,它大约有15个人,是湾区一家相当小的公司。我大部分时间都在纽约远程工作,然后也在以色列远程工作。而且,嗯,我在那里度过了一段非常棒的时光,从事社区营销工作。你的角色是什么?我是说具体点,我们稍后会详细谈谈你的角色。我的意思是,我们称之为社区负责人,但我认为这代表了很多事情,因为这些年来我参与了各种各样的工作。但实际上,我和我建立的团队所思考的很多事情,都是关于我们如何支持我们的用户群,帮助Notion扩展和成长,帮助人们教授Notion,你知道,就是帮助我们更快地成长。
你为什么离开?我为什么离开?嗯,主要是因为我想在以色列待更多时间。而且你知道,随着公司发展到大约600人,我们在以色列并没有真正的业务。而且你知道,这使得管理团队变得越来越有挑战性,嗯,我在某个时候不得不做出决定,优先考虑在这里生活。
你现在在做什么?现在我主要做天使投资。嗯,我已经做了几年了。我最初是帮助一位创始人进行他的天使投资。嗯,一个很棒的人,我想我们都认识,叫克拉克。我做了几年,然后我开始自己投资了一点。嗯,又做了几年,然后大约一年前我募集了一个小型的微型基金。嗯,所以现在我主要从那个基金里投资。
好的,既然我们已经差不多了解了你所有的生平,差不多了,嗯,我们能告诉大家我们是怎么认识的吗?是的,当然。那么我们是怎么认识的,本?我想我们是在,嗯,我正在努力回忆那个Facebook帖子的事件顺序。我想你当时发布了一个关于创建以色列初创公司地图的挑战,然后我看到了,我想我把它建起来了。我想那时我还在军队里,嗯,我觉得那是个很棒的主意。我想你那时可能还在参军之前,我记不清了。而且,嗯,所以是的,我发布了它,嗯,我想它获得了一些不错的关注,然后我们就见面了。我记得你给了我一箱酒,对吗?我记得你当时还没到法定饮酒年龄,对吗?我为任何能制作出以色列初创公司视觉地图的人提供的奖品是一箱酒。我还请来了酿酒师,来自Tiny Winery的亚姆·科恩来颁发。他来做了这个演示,嗯,恕我直言,我不太确定你当时是否已经开始刮胡子了。很有可能,我想我爸爸比我更喜欢那酒,他是法国人,他懂好酒。那时候我可能还没喝过几口酒。是的,但我想我们就是这样认识的,就像这些随机的事情之一。然后我当时发现,你不仅仅有这个地图项目,你还有一个关于鹰嘴豆泥的项目,所以你为什么不告诉大家关于鹰嘴豆泥的事情呢?
是的,我想那时我真的很喜欢做一些副业项目,那在某种程度上是我的爱好。在某个时候我还在军队里,显然我大部分时间都在情报部门,但我想当我休息的时候,我只是在捣鼓这些不同的副业项目。所以我组织了一场黑客马拉松,我想那实际上是以色列的第一次,我们称之为“以色列创新”。而且,嗯,这个想法是,嗯,让人们致力于能够以不同视角展示以色列的项目。嗯,这真的是黑客马拉松刚刚兴起的时候,我想这大约是2011年,那时还没有很多黑客马拉松。而且,嗯,所以很多人都致力于令人难以置信的项目。嗯,我想做我自己的个人项目,所以我最近偶然发现了这个叫做“国家日”的节日,我想“哦,这太酷了,你知道,我们也应该有我们自己的版本”,所以显然,你知道,鹰嘴豆泥就是它的等价物。嗯,所以我,嗯,我买了kum.com,嗯,建了一个小小的,你知道,简单的网站,我编造了一个日期,5月13日。而且,嗯,然后你知道,一个月后它就自己火起来了,我没有,我,我老实说我只是忘了它,但它就是火起来了。
“火起来”是什么意思?它是怎么发生的?嗯,我想有人把它发到了一个素食主义者通讯里,然后从那里它就开始在Twitter上疯传,这些不同的名人也开始分享它。而且,嗯,从那以后每年它都变成了一个真实存在的东西,就像你在谷歌上搜索“鹰嘴豆泥日”,它看起来就像一个真实存在的节日,它只是一个完全随意设定的日子,背后没有任何东西。
那么鹰嘴豆泥日的仪式习俗是什么呢?人们,我的意思是,网站上说,比如早餐、午餐或晚餐吃鹰嘴豆泥,或者我想是以上所有,你知道,分享照片,人们就是这么做的。我的意思是,这些年来我觉得最酷的事情是看到所有这些不同的鹰嘴豆泥活动和节日发生。所以,就像我想现在在迪拜已经连续好几年,在5月13日都有这些大型的鹰嘴豆泥节,在5月13日,是的,是的。而且,嗯,而且GQ和Cosmopolitan等杂志上都有关于如何吃鹰嘴豆泥的文章,嗯,甚至我想一两年前,还有一次关于加沙最好的鹰嘴豆泥地方的旅行,所以它现在的影响力非常大,这真的很有趣。
有贺曼卡片吗?我不认为有,不。但它在所有那些网站上,比如“国家日”、“国家日历日”,有很多这样的网站记录着每一个可能的节日,它在所有这些网站上。而且,当你回想起来,比如“好吧,这只是一个黑客马拉松的,嗯,项目玩笑”,现在它无处不在,你是怎么看待这个的?你会说我们生活在一个多么奇怪的世界里吗?你会说“哇,我在世界上做了一件大事”吗?你会说“哇,嗯,这太不可思议了”吗?你对自己说什么?我的意思是,妈妈,GQ,你会说什么?
不,我,我,我老实说,对我来说,这就像一个很好的提醒,就是你可以,你可以很容易地产生影响。就像我想,我想你,你知道,这不是一些,我想很多人认为产生影响要困难得多,你知道,需要多年的努力,而这只是一个两小时的项目,对吗?而且我想,我想,嗯,对我来说,这总是一个很好的提醒,这就是为什么我总是告诉人们,你知道,如果你做一些有创意的事情,想出你自己的利基市场,无论它是什么,你真的可以做一些有影响力的事情。
你注册了鹰嘴豆泥日的商标吗?不,我没有,但我有一个非常有趣的故事。我实际上和Sabra为此大吵了一架,因为他们赞助了它好几年。你什么意思?他们赞助了它是什么意思?他们会赞助它,就像成为网站上鹰嘴豆泥的官方赞助商一样,他们会在联合广场举办这些活动,所有这些疯狂的鹰嘴豆泥,嗯,节日,就像疯狂的鹰嘴豆泥活动。而且,嗯,几年后他们问我是否可以买下它,而且,嗯,我有点觉得他们出价太低了,所以我说不。然后第二年,他们在同一天推出了“国家鹰嘴豆泥日”,而我一直称之为“国际鹰嘴豆泥日”。所以他们就开始发布所有这些公关,你知道,公关稿,说现在是“国家鹰嘴豆泥日”了,而且,嗯,我一直称之为“国际鹰嘴豆泥日”,所以我们为此有点小争执。而且我想他们最近停止了,但是,嗯,但他们试图像劫持我的鹰嘴豆泥日一样,这感觉并不好。他们退缩了吗?是的,他们最近退缩了。
那么当你侵犯商标时会发生什么?人们会像扔西红柿一样吗?或者根本就没有商标?所以,嗯,我不知道,我不知道,我也不认为我真的能注册一个食物节日的商标,而且我也从来没有真正花足够的时间去研究它。所以如果你建议鹰嘴豆泥日的下一步是什么?国际鹰嘴豆泥日?它会变成什么样?我的意思是,我每年可能只花大约两个小时在上面,所以没有投入太多精力。
不过,感觉这里有一个机会,就像你想象在特拉维夫的海滨大道上举办一个国际鹰嘴豆泥节,或者。是的,我的意思是耶路撒冷有市场,通常大多数餐馆都会举办活动,他们会发放促销代码,这很酷。嗯,我一直认为有一件事会很酷,那就是把来自不同背景的人们聚集在一起,你知道,一起吃鹰嘴豆泥,并为那些通常可能不会交谈的人们创造对话。我想现在离它还有大约两个月,我认为在中东的这个时期有一个机会,你可以把很多人聚集在一起,一起吃他们所说的“白色鹰嘴豆泥”,你知道,配上皮塔饼之类的,或者洋葱片,是的。嘿,如果内森斯能举办热狗大胃王比赛,你也能举办鹰嘴豆泥大胃王比赛,你可以想象那会是什么样子,我想它会做得很好。所以,如果你在一个月的黑客马拉松中做到了,那么从现在起两个月后应该会有别的东西,是的,你说得对,你说得对,今年就是大胃王鹰嘴豆泥比赛的年份,是的,迪拜、阿布扎比、黎巴嫩,我们把所有人都请来。我的意思是,我喜欢那样,我喜欢那样。谢谢。那么你打算怎么做呢?好的,好的,是的,你说得对,我受到了启发。
好的,所以从,你知道,从鹰嘴豆泥到Notion的急转弯。我,我真正想深入探讨的是,我想鹰嘴豆泥是建立社区的一种方式,但我想让你告诉我你在Notion担任社区负责人的工作。我认为这很重要,嗯,有几个原因。一个是,嗯,购买流量或购买广告,他们称之为需求生成营销,嗯,在线营销似乎在谷歌和Facebook上由于各种原因正在走向尽头。而且感觉人们对社区建设作为一种市场进入策略很感兴趣。所以请从你刚开始在Notion工作的时候讲起,是的,关于担任社区负责人。
是的,我的意思是,我想加入Notion的一个有趣之处在于,我实际上并没有真正申请,也没有工作,也没有职位描述就加入了Notion。所以我实际上很早就通过Product Hunt接触到了Notion,嗯,我试用了几次,觉得它真的很酷。我想我大概试了四五次才上手,然后我在Twitter上分享了我的Notion设置,很多人觉得很棒,问我是否可以分享更多我的Notion页面。而且,嗯,所以,嗯,人们也开始分享他们的。所以我又做了另一个小副业项目,我建立了一个网站,人们可以在上面分享他们如何使用Notion,这在Notion有模板库之前,在他们有模板之前。而且,嗯,我把它发布在Product Hunt上,叫做notionpages.com,它获得了不错的关注,每月开始有两三万的访问量。而且,嗯,我玩得很开心,我开始购买更多的Notion域名,我买了allthingsnotion.com、notionforbusiness.com。我为Notion用户创建了一个Facebook群组,我开始帮助人们熟悉Notion,这只是我变得非常热情的事情,因为我认为如果通过帮助他们,嗯,使用Notion,我就可以改善人们的生活。嗯,而且,嗯,我就是这样认识团队的,我,我,我在某个时候给创始人发了邮件,问“嘿,你对API有什么计划?”,然后我们就开始聊天了。而且我,我告诉他们我会,你知道,你想不想出来玩?我下周会在旧金山。我实际上并不打算去旧金山,他们说“当然,过来喝茶吧”。而且,嗯,所以我订了旅行,而且,嗯,我去了那里,我遇到了卡米尔·里基茨,她刚离开First Round,她创办了First Round Review,嗯,他们的博客。而且我,嗯,我,嗯,所以我在她工作的第二天就认识了她,她,嗯,所以我们,你知道,我们聊着天,而且,而且我想也许第二天我就开始和她一起做Notion的模板库了,那基本上就演变成了我加入公司。嗯,所以没有真正的面试过程,或者,你知道,嗯,工作申请过程,它真的只是非常自然地发生了,因为我真的很喜欢Notion,而且看起来有很多很好的合作方式。所以我做的前两件事是,一是Notion的模板库,我们开始众包人们通过Notion构建的模板,二是建立一个大使计划,因为我们的假设是,如果外面有像我这样疯狂到花这么多时间宣传Notion的人,那么一定还有其他人也想做类似的事情,所以我找到了一些人,一个在日本,一个在韩国,他们都在做类似的事情,然后我们开始建立这个,嗯,计划,以使能和赋能人们传播Notion。
给我更多关于大使计划的细节,我认为它非常重要,而且这是一个令人难以置信的故事,对吧?就是你在做这个,韩国有人在做这个,日本有人在做这个,你碰巧找到了他们,现在他们变成了大使,所以请深入谈谈大使计划。是的,所以我们基本上认为,如果我们能找到一些这样的人,把他们聚集在一起,让他们互相启发,并且也给予他们Notion团队的全力支持,那么我们就可以尝试,我们可能会把这变成一个我们可以不断复制的东西,并继续吸引更多这样的人,并赋能越来越多的人成为Notion的传播者。
嗯,所以它最初只有几个人,我真的在Notion的早期花了很多时间与这些人交谈,与他们成为朋友,弄清楚我们可以做些什么来支持他们。你想让他们做什么?所以这些人自己,有些人一直在组织Notion活动,有些人一直在写关于Notion的书,有些人已经开始了关于Notion的YouTube频道,各种各样的事情,基本上任何与谈论Notion、传播Notion或教授Notion有关的事情,这些都是我们看到的两种主题。而且,嗯,所以随着这些人,你知道,不断发展,我们开始看到越来越多的人对Notion感到兴奋,希望在他们自己的语言或国家做类似的事情。而且,所以我们实际上,大概一个月后,我们就在Notion的Twitter上发布了一个表格,问人们“嘿,你想成为Notion的大使吗?”而且,而且在那时Notion开始变得非常非常热门,嗯,我想有几百人申请了,所以我只是浏览了这个表格,寻找那些似乎对Notion最热情的人,其中一些来自我们还没有大使的新地区,我们建立了一个计划来帮助他们,赋能他们,让他们感到,你知道,特别。
这个项目有哪些细节让他们感到特别或被赋能?比如我们会,嗯,那时没有人真正能接触到Notion的团队,你知道,如果你想,如果你必须,如果你有任何问题,你都必须通过支持渠道联系。而且,嗯,所以人们,嗯,所以我们所做的,我们没有,我们做了,我们会和我们的团队,和我们的创始人一起做AMA(Ask Me Anything)活动,例如,人们对此非常兴奋,我确信这也是很棒的产品反馈,对,完全是。嗯,但这对Notion来说是全新的,做这样的事情。嗯,我们会,嗯,我们会让他们提前体验我们正在开发的新功能。嗯,我们会,嗯,我们会给他们寄送周边产品,这是我们以前从未做过的事情,所以我们是第一次制作周边产品,人们感到,你知道,非常兴奋能成为其中的一部分。嗯,所以我们一直在思考我们可以用什么方式,我们,你没有付钱给他们,对吗?不,我们从没有,我们没有付钱给任何人做这个,是的,是的。我认为这是一个人们容易忽视的重要事情,那就是有些人对产品非常热情,他们认为我必须付钱给他们,或者我必须找到有影响力的人并付钱给他们,但如果你构建了一个足够好的产品,并且你可以让人们参与到社区中,让他们提供反馈,让他们感到被鼓舞、被赋能,并成为比他们自己更大的事物的一部分,他们实际上会出于热情做很多工作。
是的,完全同意。我很好奇,你有没有见过哪些公司在这方面做得特别好?我认为我们投资组合中的RiseUp在这方面做得非常非常好。他们有,嗯,我不知道现在有多少大使,但就是那些热爱产品的人,喜欢能够在一个月结束时,嗯,银行账户是正数而不是负数。嗯,他们已经成为热情的传播者,他们为我们做媒体宣传,他们主动联系。我想对其中一些人来说,有一些激励措施。嗯,但你知道,仅仅是成为某个事物的一部分,并成为财务健康和财务福祉的大使,已经成为,嗯,一个重要的因素。我们公司现在有一个Sequence,似乎正在酝酿中。嗯,我还在Wix董事会的时候,Wix也对设计师做过类似的事情,Appo模板和一些其他东西。所以是的,我以前见过它奏效,但我认为只有少数公司能做得非常好,Notion显然是其中之一。
所以你在Notion创建了模板,然后作为Notion的员工,你把它做成了一个模板库。为什么那如此重要?
我想,我的意思是,它之所以如此重要,是因为Notion作为一款产品,它就像一个空白画布,所以人们来到Notion时会问自己:“我该用它做什么?”是的,所以Notion很早就开始提供模板,但在某个时候我们意识到,使用Notion的人可以创建,你知道,无限多的模板,而我们自己永远无法创建。所以一旦我们建立了这种联系,我们就能够基本上给潜在的Notion用户提供机会,去尝试任何他们感兴趣的用例。我的意思是,现在可能已经有成千上万,甚至几十万个模板了,所以,嗯,在这一点上,也因为已经,你知道,几年过去了,嗯,当你搜索,你知道,各种用例时,你都会找到一个Notion模板,这对于SEO来说非常强大。
人们为模板付费了吗?所以早期没有,在某个时候,人们实际上开始自己为模板收费,所以他们会把模板访问权限放在一个Gumroad页面上,比如说,人们必须支付10美元才能获得那个链接的访问权限,然后他们就可以复制它。那实际上,它就像完全或有机地变成了一个巨大的事情。现在有人每年赚几十万美元,我实际上就在几周前在新加坡遇到一个人,他,嗯,22岁,他19岁时开始,没有受众,他只是在早期在Twitter上发布关于Notion的推文,嗯,当时他实际上,嗯,嗯,在新加坡军队服役。现在他在Twitter上有30万粉丝,Tik Tok上有40万,Instagram上有40万,他每月可能只靠销售Notion模板就能赚三四万美元,他围绕它们建立了一个完整的受众。所以这个整个像生态模板网站,不,不是来自Gumroad,或者他通过自己,通过他的平台,通过Notion平台,各种地方分发它,但是,嗯,但他已经建立了一个,他基本上是乘着这股浪潮建立了一个,你知道,令人难以置信的业务,他现在22岁。太棒了,让你想起了高中时做eBay卖家,是吧?让你想起了高中时做eBay卖家。
我的意思是,我真希望我当时在,嗯,卖Notion模板,我认为那比卖,嗯,收藏品要刺激得多,利润也高得多。是的,那太不可思议了。你认为是什么让Notion社区如此有粘性?为什么人们如此热情?为什么他们如此融入这个社区,因为它充满活力?
是的,我想,我想归根结底,产品就是,你知道,让这一切成为可能的原因。我认为部分原因是Notion你可以用它做任何事情,你知道,有无限多的用例,所以总是有东西可以谈论,总是有不同的用例可以谈论,模板可以谈论。嗯,它也像是一个,它可能是一个有挑战性的产品,所以人们总是有问题,人们总是想帮助其他人。嗯,所以它创造了这样一个机会,可以围绕Notion进行大量的对话。我认为对于那些,你知道,更受限制、用例更少的产品,你真的没有机会这样做,所以我认为Notion有点幸运,产品确实促成了这一点,这与我认为典型的产品思维背道而驰,典型的产品思维是尽可能让产品易于使用,尽可能正确。Notion并不容易使用,我不是一个好的Notion用户,我为自己说话,是的,嗯,对我来说太复杂了,是的,嗯,但正因为那种空白画布的东西,人们才涌现出来。让我感到惊讶的还有,Excel大部分没有模板社区,虽然有一些东西,但没有像Notion那样容易混合搭配的商业或商业社区。
是的,所以我想我们总是会谈论的一个事情就是宜家效应,你知道,当你去宜家,你买了那些零件,你必须把它带回家自己组装,对吧?所以就像我也不太擅长那个,所以有些人不喜欢,有些人喜欢。而且我认为喜欢那样的人,他们实际上可能比直接购买,你知道,预制产品更喜欢那个产品,因为现在他们,他们实际上投入了时间,投入了精力去学习如何建造它,你知道,也许乐高是另一个很好的例子,乐高可能更容易一点,你知道,实际上谢谢你,是的,是的。所以花时间实际建造一些东西,你知道,它可以是很有意义的,所以如果你能,我想Notion有点像把这个概念带入了软件。
为什么它不同?为什么Notion和Excel在这方面如此不同?Excel真的没有社区。
是的,我的意思是,有一些Excel网红,我见过人们在Tik Tok和其他地方,你知道,做这个,他们有相当大的受众。我想我们以前称那些人为投资银行家培训师,是的,是的,是的。我,我的意思是,我想,嗯,Excel,我想Excel只是没有,我不知道,你知道,它也只是没有,你知道,品牌、故事,它真的没有什么,就像,对,谁会想围绕一个微软产品创造那种东西呢?我,我想它只是缺少了,那么故事是什么?这是什么?为什么Notion与微软不同,除了微软已经存在了50年这个事实之外?那么Notion有什么特别之处?故事是什么?
我的意思是,我想除了产品本身,Notion的品牌,比如它的趣味性,嗯,美学,我想所有这些东西结合在一起,创造出一种真正让人们,嗯,让人们产生共鸣的东西。就像当我遇到人们时,他们要么不理解Notion,要么热爱Notion,对吧?就像没有中间地带。有讨厌你的人也很好,因为,是的,伊恩,这意味着你创造了一些人们,你知道,人们真正关心,或者他们不关心的东西。嗯,所以,所以我想,我想你,你知道,人们对Notion有这种情感上的联系,就像我早期开始使用它时也感受到了这种情感上的联系,我觉得我可以在视觉上呈现我的大脑,美学方面对我来说真的很有效,而且,而且我想人们只是很高兴能花时间,你知道,围绕它进行连接,而在Excel中,你只是,你并没有真正感受到那种感觉,它只是一个,这是否意味着你可以很好地可视化你的大脑?
所以对我来说,我早期使用Notion的用例就是把我的所有笔记和想法都放进这个Notion数据库里。那就是我早期使用它的方式,所以我感觉我终于能够在Notion内部可视化我的大脑了。所以我想,你知道,人们使用它,人们用它做任何他们想做的事情,那只是让我非常兴奋的特定用例。
如果你没有Notion,你会用什么?我之前一直在用,嗯,Wonderlist,后来被微软收购并关闭了。嗯,而且,嗯,我想我试过几次Evernote,但对我来说从来没用过。是的,对我来说也没用。我也试过Evernote,什么订阅对我来说有用?是的。所以Notion就像是第一个真正,真正,真正对我很有用的生产力应用。我用Google Docs和麦克风,嗯,还有Mac备忘录,就这些,我的很简单,是的,是的。我,我的意思是,我想只要对你有效就行。我的意思是,我认识很多人,他们就是用那个,而且,我应该再试试Notion吗?我应该回到那个吗?我想我的搭档,这里每个人都用它,每个人都用它,就像我是个异类。我不认为如果一个东西对你不起作用,你可以强迫自己去使用它。我,我,我很欣赏这一点,是的。我绝对认为如果像Apple备忘录对你有效,那么,你知道,就坚持用那个,就像它,它,我们需要记住事情。我正在努力弄清楚我应该,我的意思是,你如何使用,你如何保持你的Apple备忘录有条理?你有什么办法做到吗?不,我非常杂乱无章。你见过我的桌子吗?我在脑子里整理,我不喜欢用数字工具来整理我的。那很了不起,直到我忘记事情,但你知道,我的大脑我认为不是以有条理的方式运作的。是的,是的,我,我对我来说不行,因为我太杂乱无章了。这可能会很难。我的意思是,如果它对你来说“点击”了,它可能会改变你的生活,你可能会回头看,想“我以前是怎么活的?”但如果它没有,你可能无法强迫自己。所以肯定有一个学习曲线,所以如果你没有花几个小时真正尝试学习它,我知道这需要很多时间,你可能,你可能就是无法掌握它。有一个学习曲线,嗯哼。好吧,不会发生的。我不知道,我不知道。
所以今天有创始人来找你,说“嗯,我有了这个产品,我想围绕它建立一个社区”。你说我,你问我问什么?
我,我通常喜欢了解人们对它的看法,使用它的人怎么看它,它对人们有什么作用,它有什么意义。就像我,我不喜欢为了创建社区而创建社区的想法,我想,我想很难强迫它。我认为如果你以一种不真实的方式去做,它就不是,所以它需要自然涌现,你需要先看到它的迹象,正是围绕着,我想,我想那是最重要的事情。所以,所以我会更倾向于去了解,你知道,从已经使用产品的人那里,什么让他们兴奋?他们是否有任何迹象?是否有任何信号表明人们真的想谈论这个?他们想花时间,他们想教别人,他们想围绕它建立联系?使用产品的人之间是否有共同的兴趣和价值观?对我来说,这就是我会寻找的东西。我认为这,我的意思是,我认为这也完全是因公司而异的,所以,在你有一个产品在市场上之前,你可能无法开始考虑社区策略,因为你需要看看它是否会自然地涌现出来。
我想如果它是,如果它是围绕一个产品建立的,我想,我想那可能就是你需要做的。再次,我认为有一些方法可以围绕不一定基于产品的事物创建社区。就像我几年前与一家公司合作,那是一家尚未推出产品的公司,他们向IT领导者销售,我们只是试图接触尽可能多的IT领导者,以获取他们对即将推出的产品的反馈。而且,嗯,你知道,我,我,我面临同样的挑战,比如还没有产品,那么人们会围绕什么建立联系呢?而且,嗯,我所做的就是花了很多时间与不同的IT领导者交谈,问他们“嘿,什么让你兴奋?你把时间花在哪里?嗯,你知道,你和其他IT领导者在哪里建立联系?”而且我,我当时发现的一件事是,IT领导者真的很喜欢,嗯,谈论他们正在使用的产品,他们喜欢,他们喜欢那种类似于Product Hunt的,喜欢发现新事物、新工具,他们对此很感兴趣。所以所做的就是,我,我,我雇了一个承包商,我们建立了一个,嗯,有点像Product Hunt,但只是针对IT人士的,我们称之为IT Kit。而且,嗯,我们我策划了这些我曾与之交谈过的IT领导者提供的初始产品列表,我把它们添加到了网站上,我们还添加了一个小小的点赞功能。而且,而且通过那个,因为,嗯,它在很多IT社区中传播开来,我们能够从IT人士那里收集到几千个电子邮件地址。这又是,这就像是产品发布前,但归根结底,它也是同样的想法,就是与这些IT领导者交谈,了解,你知道,他们有哪些共同的兴趣、共同的价值观、连接他们的事物,然后为他们构建一些东西,并为他们提供服务。
澄清一下,当你说“和他们交谈”时,你是说真的和他们交谈,而不是发短信或电子邮件?是的,不,我的意思是,就像在Zoom上闲聊,喝咖啡,就是那个意思。在Zoom上闲聊和喝咖啡一样吗?我的意思是,它只是,它,它更容易。我,它肯定不一样,但如果你没有选择。除了Notion,你还见过哪些其他很棒的社区公司?我认为Figma绝对是顶级的公司之一,我一直对他们印象深刻,我认为他们做得非常非常出色。
除了他们还有谁?我得想想其他的,有趣的是,我很快想不出什么。那很有趣。我,我的意思是,我正在努力思考除了Figma之外,真正顶级的公司,我总是把Figma看作是一个令人难以置信的例子。嗯,在以色列我没有看到太多达到那个水平的公司。嗯,我的意思是,在某个时候,我认为肯定有一些公司在加密货币领域做着有趣的事情,我想是因为我一直觉得非常,你知道,社区导向。你在这段对话中多次提到Product Hunt,这很有趣。Product Hunt有什么作用?你喜欢Product Hunt,对吧?
我,是的,我只是,我的意思是,对我来说,那是一个我感到真正有联系的社区,因为它是一个为早期采用者和建造东西的人们而设的社区,而那正是我喜欢做的事情的一部分,所以它只是我最终会去并花费大量时间的地方。
好的,所以你完成了这种转变,从一个未成年饮酒者到一名士兵,再到Notion的社区负责人,现在你是一名全职天使投资人。为什么?为什么?
嗯,我,我,我想我过去几年意识到,我真的很喜欢创业的早期阶段,对我来说,那是最令人兴奋的部分,我觉得我一直在做的很多事情可以为,你知道,早期阶段的公司增加价值。
嗯,所以与此同时,除了天使投资,我也一直在做一些自己的事情。所以,嗯,一段时间以来,我一直在为那些探索下一步的人组织这些聚会。这最初是作为“On Deck”开始的,嗯,那是美国埃里克·托尔伯格在组织Product Hunt,对吧?嗯,我想我不知道他是不是创始人,我想他像是Product Hunt的早期员工,所以他一直在旧金山组织这些晚餐,我开始在特拉维夫和朋友拉斐尔·乌赞一起做,嗯,在离这里不远的阿达姆。而且,嗯,我们这有点像同样的概念,就是把那些正在探索下一步想做什么的人聚集在一起,那些,嗯,也许是已经卖掉公司但不知道想做什么的创始人,嗯,或者想开始做事情但不知道或想加入下一个项目的运营者。
嗯,所以我实际上已经建立这个一段时间了,我把它改名为,嗯,“Next Play”。嗯,所以现在它在nextplay.so上,而且,嗯,所以它,它最酷的地方就是人们。嗯,我的意思是,我们有一个非常棒的数据库,一直在增长,里面都是那些正在探索下一步想做什么的人,而且,嗯,所以我认为这真的很棒,也是一个很棒的社区,嗯,有很多潜力,嗯,而且希望能支持我投资的公司。
写下你的第一张天使投资支票有多难?有多难?嗯,我,嗯,我做这件事的方式,我想我进入这个领域的方式是,我当时在帮助一位创始人,嗯,进行他的天使投资,而且,嗯,所以我想,你知道,我早期不必担心,不必承担风险。我想,我的意思是,当人们问我如何进入天使投资领域时,我通常会告诉他们,我想,我想那是一个很好的途径,比如尝试成为,你知道,某人的学徒,然后,你知道,避免,避免早期损失太多钱的风险。
嗯,所以我做了几年,所以他,他有点像在他那边做决定,而我只是观察和学习他在做什么。在某个时候,我,我开始也投资其中一些公司。嗯,所以我想,我想如果我没有那样做就直接进入这个领域,那会困难得多,因为我真的,我真的根本不知道自己在做什么。嗯,所以我发现那在进入这个领域方面非常有帮助。
你的第一笔投资是什么?嗯,第一笔投资是,你记得你的初恋女友吗?不,开玩笑的。你的第一笔投资是什么?嗯,我不知道,你记得你妻子的名字吗?可能,是的,可能。我正在努力准确地回忆。我记得,嗯,一些,我不确定是不是第一个,还是几个之后,但那是在以色列有一家公司叫Land,他们在做分数房地产投资。是的,我记得他们。是的,所以我想那可能是我做的第一批投资之一。
那个怎么样了?那个进展如何?嗯,他们,他们现在已经购买了几百栋建筑,而且他们开发了这个应用程序,你可以在其中,嗯,他们现在负责租金和,嗯,整个租赁过程,然后你作为,你作为一名投资者可以,嗯,可以购买,嗯,嗯,房屋的股份,是的。嗯,这,这很酷。他们,我想,你知道,随着利率的变化,对他们来说这是一个有趣的环境,但我想,你知道,我早期真正喜欢他们的地方是看到他们的Facebook群组里的人们对他们所做的事情非常兴奋,而且有很多那种早期的,你知道,兴奋的迹象,或者,你知道,围绕着拥有一个社区。
如果今天你再次遇到这样的情况,你已经做了几年了,你还会投资吗?我,我也真的很,我是创始人伊赛的忠实粉丝,我也喜欢他,是的。所以我想仅仅基于这一点,我肯定会做,是的,是的。
到目前为止你做了多少笔投资?嗯,我大概做了50到60笔,50笔。投资组合中最好的公司是哪家?可能是Deal,你早期是那里的天使投资人,不是一开始,但,嗯,我想大概是两轮之后。为什么今天会有人来找本·朗要钱呢?你的天使基金有多大?六百万,六百万,相当小,是的。我参与的第一个是七百万,是的,很棒,是的。那么为什么今天会有人来找本要钱呢?
我想,我想我骨子里就是一个建造者,所以我,我真的,我,我对那些正在创业的人们抱有很大的同情心。而且,嗯,而且我认为我自己在做的很多事情,这些事情可能会很有帮助。无论是寻找联合创始人、招募人才、获取早期用户,还是思考如何建立你的社区,嗯,这些都是我个人投入大量时间的事情,而且你知道,我只是希望作为一名投资者,能在我这边提供良好的服务。
你说你是个建造者。嗯,我总是说我没有任何管理经验的阻碍,我除了乐趣之外从未真正建造过任何东西。我,我无法创办一家科技初创公司,如果我是最后一个做这件事的人。嗯,从建造者转变为教练、顾问或投资者,这很难吗?我,是的,我想是这样。我仍在努力理解那到底是什么样子,就像它,它对我来说至少是看看什么类型,你知道,我如何。
我如何看待那种工作?我知道他们,他们,他们非常不同,这部分原因是我发现自己一直在尝试在业余时间构建一些东西,这些东西可以为我投资的公司提供价值,并希望让我成为一名更好的投资者。我认为我将永远有那种创造和构建的冲动,所以我正在尝试将这两个世界融合在一起。我还不确定这具体是什么样子。
你现在在业余时间构建什么?嗯,我认为我之前提到过,这个叫做 Next Play 的东西。嗯,我实际上正在将我在 Notion 所做的大部分工作应用到这里。所以我们有,我们有这些,我带来了其他城市的主持人,他们也在主持 Next Play 的聚会。所以我们现在正在柏林、伦敦、巴黎以及奥斯汀和波士顿设立它们。所以它正在变成一个更大的事情,我认为希望它可以成为人们在探索他们想做什么、接下来想做什么时会去的地方,无论是加入某个公司、创办某个公司。所以这是我非常兴奋的事情。我认为从中可以释放很多价值。而且人们也不知道该去哪里。现在,这就像是创始人约会的“类固醇版”。但不仅仅是创始人,甚至对于那些想成为运营商的人来说,他们想发现接下来做什么最好。但这真的很难。所以当你不知道自己想做什么时,当你想要离开,想要弄清楚接下来做什么时,这是一个非常非常具有挑战性的处境。
你没有参加所有这些晚宴,那你如何收集反馈、信息等等?嗯,现在我正在尝试建立一个主持人网络,他们都在使用相同的数据库,并且正在让更多的人来采用这个模式并应用到那里。我喜欢这个。是的,我喜欢。
你作为风险投资家的优势是什么?就像,仍然是 Ben Lang 的优势?我认为我们还没有一起做过一笔交易,对吧?我们还没有。我不确定。我也没有。我可能在我最初和 Clark 一起投资时做过一些,他可能和你一起做过一些。如果你给我带来一笔投资,我应该再给你买一箱酒。我很乐意。现在你可以喝了。是的,是的。你和你的妻子一起享用一顿美酒佳肴,听起来很棒。已婚?是的。好的。所以对我来说,仍然是 Ben Lang 的优势。我会换个说法。你和我正在竞争一笔交易。你为什么会赢过我?嗯,所以我不认为我会和别人竞争交易。不,不,你会在交易上竞争,你也会和我竞争。所以,好的。嗯,我的策略的一部分是我进行非常小的投资。所以我没有,我没有尝试,我没有领投任何轮次。我是一个只是加入进来的人,你知道,不要,不要,不要拘泥于形式,只是,好的。不,这是我策略的一部分。所以,我理想情况下,我希望成为那种,你知道,不占用太多空间的人。而且你不想有竞争力。我只是,至少现在,以我的设置,我认为我不能,因为我不会领投。我可以,你知道,我将是那个向一轮融资增加 10 万美元的人。好了,有 25 个 10 万美元,轮次还剩 10 万美元。你和我正在竞争。告诉我你为什么会赢过我?我为什么会赢过你?我认为我,我猜是因为我,因为我是一个小公司。你知道,我,我,我这样做是因为你年轻。那只是,我这样做,我独自一人这样做。所以我认为我可以,考虑到我正在处理的事情以及我能提供帮助的领域,我能够做到超级,超级积极,超级慷慨。你可以说所有这些相同的话。来吧,具体点。我的意思是,我很乐意。你希望年轻一代赢过你。这很好。你现在需要告诉我你为什么会赢过我。是的,告诉创始人。好的,让我们假设罗纳·埃里克在这里是一位创始人,你必须向他推销。给我这笔交易的最后 10 万美元。嗯,我的希望是,我已经做过几次了,就像参与了公司的建设,并且真正深入其中,我能够带来那种见解,并真正提供帮助。所以,第一,你是一名企业家,而我不是。继续。嗯,第二,我认为,我认为我正在建立的这个网络 Next Play,我认为我将能够招募早期员工,甚至在需要时找到联合创始人。而且,我认为我真的认为它有潜力成为一个非常巨大的资产,并且成为我 Next Play 这个人脉网络的一部分。是的,Isenberg 没有那个。继续。第三,我的意思是,我,我,我才刚刚开始。所以,我的意思是,我非常,我非常渴望。Eber 已经老了。继续。是的。哦,天哪,你输了这笔交易,伙计。我输了。好的。不,不,继续。我的意思是,我只是希望你实时找到你的推销。嗯,我从来没有真正,这就是问题所在。我从来没有处于需要竞争才能获得交易的境地。为什么我们要接受你的钱?你会说法语,对吧?你会说法语,对吧?我记得。是的,我会说法语。我的意思是,我早就和 Alex 是朋友了,在那之前,我曾为他介绍了很多客户。我曾和他家人一起在凯撒利亚度过安息日。你知道,我的意思是,我本可以早点进入,只是我当时还没有进行天使投资。所以,我认为这只是,你知道,我只是在那里,你知道,在尝试投资之前就提供帮助。你在你的推销中没有提到任何这些。我之前提供了客户。我投资了。而且我擅长在安息日餐桌上和人们一起闲逛,喝酒,说法语。我不知道,这些都是优势。我不知道这些会成为推销的一部分。当然,获得客户可能会成为推销的一部分。你提供早期客户。这很有效。如果我,如果你提供了,你的推销是什么?我很想听听。我老了。不,我的意思是,我已经做了很长时间了。是的。我在这方面有影响力。我认为我可以说服高管,不仅仅是早期员工,而是高管加入你的公司。如果你需要投资者网络来为你后续的融资,我有足够的经验和能力来实现这一点。我仍然会选择年轻。但是,我的友谊不够好。你多久会输掉一笔交易?和任何人?我认为我最常输掉的是我没看到的交易。这目前还可以,但。我不知道,我认为你不知道你实际上输掉了多少交易。因为很多交易你根本没机会看到。这将使这次谈话很有趣,因为它就像正面竞争。但我会在我的交易中让你参与进来。我认为你会增加一些价值。如果我能弄清楚谁特别需要社区帮助,那将非常有价值。但你告诉我,直到产品发布之前我无法弄清楚。我的意思是,我认为你可以,你知道,我认为理想情况下,有一些假设围绕着它,它将是公司策略的重要组成部分。听起来 Sequence 还没有,但理想情况下,这是他们想去的地方。我之前和他们谈过。是的,我知道。你喜欢它。是的,是的,我喜欢它。你不确定。我不是特别兴奋。我最终没有投资。但我们现在要告诉 Sequence 的人,他们有额外的动力去成功。是的,Ben 很怀疑,他不确定他能否围绕这个建立一个社区。在 Discord 中有一个相当大的社区正在形成。是的,我看到了。你认为 Discord 作为社区形成的地方,与有机形成或 Facebook 群组相比如何?我不太考虑平台。我的意思是,我总是认为如果它是有机发生的,人们自己在建立它,我认为这是最令人兴奋的。所以,如果人们,如果你有一家公司,如果你有一个初创公司,人们在你甚至没有做任何事情的情况下就创建了一个 Facebook 群组或类似的东西,那么就全力支持它。我认为与其强迫人们来某个地方,你之前提到过你在军队。我提到了安息日。你知道你想住在以色列。所以你必须决定是否离开 Notion。这显然对你很重要。你还在网上发布了自己穿着制服和参加活动的图片。你对此有什么反对意见吗?你现在是一个相当公众的人物。这个 Notion 的社区。我没有得到太多反对。我的意思是,我确实在 Twitter 上屏蔽了一些人。谁没有呢?现在是这样。这就像一个正常的,我的意思是,我认为这就像一个正常的,正常的。我之前没有那么公开,我认为在 10 月 7 日之前。但我认为现在,我尝试,你知道,我只是想让人们知道我的立场。是的,我想如果你运气好的话,你会得到 Paul Graham 的屏蔽。你屏蔽了 Roger 吗?我从未回复过他。我实际上只是屏蔽了他。我不想看到他的东西。是的,你可能会被 Paul Graham 屏蔽。是的,我,但我认为我还没有。但也许在这之后播客之后,我会。我不知道。我只是告诉人们,我的意思是,我认为只是先屏蔽他。我的意思是,我只是,也许那样更好。是的,我认为,在你的 Next Play 和 Tilby Collective 之间,无论它是什么,你都会拥有自己的社区,它和 YC 一样强大。而且 Gary Tan 在那里做得很好。是的,他太棒了。我们绝对同意这一点。是的。我认为他在很多事情上都领先。他在旧金山所做的事情也令人难以置信地鼓舞人心。你认为它会成功吗?我希望它会成功。这确实是一个好问题。所以你一直在旧金山、纽约和特拉维夫。今天建立初创公司的最佳地点是哪里?建立初创公司的最佳地点是哪里?我的意思是,我认为它们非常不同。我的意思是,我显然有偏见。如果你能住在以色列,住在特拉维夫,或者任何地方,我,我,我肯定会这么说。你知道,我认为,我认为,如果你没有机会住在以色列,我可能仍然会说旧金山,因为我认为那里的人才网络仍然是无与伦比的。我认为人们喜欢说纽约也有,但老实说,从我遇到的初创公司来看,它们似乎无法招募到同等水平的人才,这很有趣,对吧?虽然,你知道,当我开始这项业务时,纽约什么都没有,就像一片荒漠。现在它很热闹。是的,是的,特别是如果你是以色列人,你必须,你知道,自带。纽约更好,因为你节省了 6 小时的旅行和 3 小时的时差。你也这么认为吗?绝对。是的,对于以色列人来说,绝对。我认为,我的意思是,在科罗之后,似乎也有很多人搬到了纽约,并且想留在那里。我是说,来自湾区的人。但我感觉最近,至少在我周围的圈子里,很多人实际上已经搬回了旧金山。是的,是的,科罗之后。而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而且,而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