Transcription
Mexo Mex mexo the Grito de Dolores is one of the most important moments in Mexican history. So this is a very important but quick lecture on Mexican Independence. And when studying Mexican history, you should know the main players in the 1810 to 21 Mexican Independence Movement. Like Austine deui, first emperor, bent Guero, a military leader, Donia Joseo Ortiz de Dominguez, laora, Jose Maria Morelos e Pavon, Ido Gana, Mexican Soldier, Leona Vicaria, who supported many facets of Independence, Ignasio Aende, a famed military leader, and of course, the most famous Patriot, Father Miguel [Music] Hidalgo.
After 300 years of Cru Spanish colonialism and more than a 100 failed Independence attempts, it's Father Mel ialo, the lights of torch of Independence. Father ialo eosa, more commonly just known as Father Hidalgo, was a priest born in 1753. He's from a family of wealth and educated at UNAM, the Autonomous University of Mexico in Mexico City. He became a priest but was somewhat of a radical. This is a priest who drank alcohol, doubted his faith, doubted the Virgin birth, ignores his church duties, began making wine, which was against Spanish regulations, promoted economic justice, and believed premarital sex was not a sin. He also read B books, he danced and gambled, he challenged the Pope, he called the Spanish King a tyrant, and he had a mistress and was concerned with Earthly things like social and economic justice. He started a industry in Mexico by planting 80 mulberry trees and also implemented beekeeping, tile making, carpentry, tanning, and other economic justice measures. He became a target of the church and was put before the Inquisition in Mexico. And as a Catholic Church Church does, they simply moved what they considered was a problem. He was sent to Dolores, Mexico. Now he takes his library with him and he started a book club with locals and the people we discussed earlier, including Ignasio Aende. But he's ready for revolution. He's ready to R Spain from Mexico and they plot independence from Spain and set the date at December 8th, 1810. But someone snitches to the Spanish. Their weapons are found on September 13th. But instead of fleeing for their lives, they decide to fight. And with the banner of La the Lupe, Father ialo rang the church bell at 2 in the morning on September 16th to speak to his parishioners and called for independence with this now famous erito the does. Addressing his parishioners, indos, mesos, and a group of prisoners released from jail, he called out, "My children, a new disposition comes to us today. Will you receive it? Will you free yourselves? Will you recover the land stolen 300 years ago from your forefathers by the hated Spaniards? We must act at once. Will you defend your religion and your rights as true Patriots? Long live Our Lady of water Lupe! Death to bad government and death to the gacho penis!"
Now, this revolutionary army was a mly crew. Although mostly Indios and mysos, they were people from all walks of lives. They soon won impressive victories in Sal Miguel, Caya, Zakas, S Louis Potosi, Badid e Guan, with rans sack the city, costing 500 dead Spaniard Defenders and more than 2,000 revolutionary, mostly Indios killed. At Guan, the independent Army had swelled to more than 81,000 as they approached Mexico City and split into two groups led by Father idalgo and Aende. And at the Battle of Mont deas Cruses, Italo's Army crushed the wild CP Spaniards. But what was likely a tactical error, ialo retreated from the city, even against the objection of Aende, and the war dragged on for 11 years. They were ambushed in Gua, captured, and were marged in Chains. Ignasio Aende was executed. Yalago was also captured, but because he was a priest, he was first processed through the holy Office of the Inquisition, found guilty of heresy and and treason. He was defrocked and turned over for execution on July 30th, 181. Idalgo was executed by firing squad. He was decapitated and his head was put on a Pike in Guan at a Alonda de Grand Tias because that's what the Spanish did.
Enter Jose Maria Moros e Pavon, who was another priest and a dark-skinned myso. He rallied his troops are invoking Mexico's Mesoamerican P, invoking Muma and The Last Mashika Emperor Quok, reminding them what evils the Spanish did to Mexicans for 300 years, and it was time to avenge Spain's shameful and brutal colonization of their [Applause] motherland. Sadly, in 1815, like the independence leaders before him, Monel was captured and [Music] executed.
Enter Guadaalupe Victoria and Vicente Guerrero, who mostly led a few thousand men and guerrilla hidden run tactics that were very successful but never won any major victories. So enter Austine de St. Born in 1783. As AO, Austine was originally Pro-Spanish and actually fought against Ealo in 1810 and against Independence for a decade. He was given a Spanish Army of 2,500 men in 1820, but now favored Independence and proposed peace with Vente Guerrero, who is not entirely convinced. Their meetings developed into the 1821 Plala. The plan stated that Spain had done a great and heroic job in the Americas, whatever. But after 300 years, it was time for Mexican Independence. The plan Thea had 23 articles, but the most important articles were: one, Mexico would be an independent nation, but as a constitutional monarchy. Two, Mexico would remain a Catholic country. Three, Kos peninsulares would be treated as eals and the cast system would be abolished. To secure these articles, a new Army was created, the Tas, or the Army of the Three Guarantees, under the authority of iid's command. When Mexican Independence battles were won throughout Mexico and the highest ranking Spanish official in New Spain recognized Mexican Independence, the war for independence was over. It to be to the entered Mexico City in September 1821 as a hero, received golden keys to the city, and the 11-year Mexican Independence war was over. Inid became the first emperor, but Mexico was free from Spain. Viva Mexico! And Mexico was a brand new nation, and they would have their own problems, including being invaded by the United States of America on multiple occasions and having 55% of his land stolen by the United States. But that's another story. Thanks so much for watching this. Have a great day and Via Mexico!