Transcription
[Music] is land es el resultado Dean hot spot un punto Caliente korekado host Ament a la dorsal meso Atlantica que se para la placa spec tonica's euro a sciatica inert americana unki evidences de un actividad volcanic a frequent a entenza des del mio say no y principio del priyo si no hay he owns experiment Erin her up Sione's mucho más reciente como por ejemplo está allá en mil novecientos a Penta 3k trehalose ojos del mundo traslation del Volcan eldfell k mark area sua storia is - here graffia para see [Music] [Applause] [Music] [Music]
estamos en una pequeña isla we cerca de la Isla principal de la mia aqui the most boy example of the commotion Foreman is left ball Canada's domestic in este lugar lies Lhasa for mother por una omission balcanica the uma fischeri su marido a former party the grand fissure a lo largo de l'atlantique emilia in el pasado de manera episode iike catastrophic CI motivo lava balcanica k i'm a few dollars per feces a cool area for mother una Salida zlotys in korean ottoman lies la principales run subglacial eruptions or submarine often the initial phase of the eruption forms what we call pillow lava so it will form a pile of of lava that actually can't really flow because it's underwater so it will crumble and develop and pillows little pillows now that's usually the initial phase of these subglacial and submarine eruptions but as the eruption progresses it becomes more explosive and magma and starts fragmenting and forming ash and volcanic sediments the pile on top of the pillow and as the eruption progresses you know parts of these pillows actually started fragmenting and breaking in and they these are introduced into into the no action in sediments that kind of will follow and flow down the slopes of the volcano and here you see no fragments of pillow pillow lava introduced into another fine-grained of volcanic ash of this sedimentary rock here how a class type so if I show you here for example this is a know a piece of a high low class site you see it's well cemented it it has become rock hard rock and this is just means that the ash has been altered and we call this process of alteration Halligan ization when you when you alter the volcanic glass into this brownish hard rock that you see here but notice that there are larger grains within the sediment and these are and pieces of lava that were incorporated into into these volcanic ash and sediment and transported in density currents or other types of processes that eventually generated these these rock here it's interesting that when how a class type is hardened it will resist erosion and that's why you see that this this cliff here and all these cliffs you have beside behind me and they are preserved because the process alteration that hardens the rock and prevents erosion [Music]
en mil novecientos assente a trace el mundo presidential Nacimiento una nueva Isla volcanic ax C to Adam o Sesenta quiero Metro steel Acosta surah an nisa sir say como fue posterior mentes Amada en referencia assert El Gigante de fuego de la meto lohia Nordica hace un t/o cement a to da de por la practica hace comunidad de volcán or logos existent in Islamia tres cuatro años eruption various is las bikini inform our own already door del caño volcanic o.k do regina Cersei pero en la batalla contra el tiempo el poder Oso poder o sido de las olas poco poco cada una de gigas addis aparecido SAR say por su parte cuenta con algunos ventajas para resist eerily incessant a pack a Del Mar para ser hecho suficiente para guarantees are so exist NC a-- para siempre [Music]
now the process of alteration that alters the volcanic ash and transforms it into hard rock or the process of Palawan ization was thought actually earlier to be a very long process but in a search eruption 1963 we did see a volcano emerge from the sea and in the magma interacted with the seawater explosively and accumulated informed actually an island of volcanic ash like this and within two years that pile of ash had been actually started showing signs of alteration of polygon ization and today actually over 90 percent of that island is altered or Paladin eyes so that actually it shows that this process of alteration is a rapid process and follows as a continuation of hot waters percolating through the the ashes and and bringing the alteration and in the case of soot see the tooth cone that is actually today Paul organised is most likely to resist wave erosion and as the island shrinks with time that part of the volcano which is hardened into Holocaust I is most likely to to resist them be preserved so search they since it since they cease it emerged from the sea it has actually decreased about fifty percent since 1963 and predictions say that only the core of the island will be preserved in about 100 years from now and that Cersei will at some point just look like the other islands there are around the Westman Islands only with how a class I'd core and that seems to be the future of searching Larrick C&K for Mozart say no fue la primera nila will team approve any antes de las multiple say Sora's que Foreman el sistema volcanic assume Moreno de leur GPL ago divestment al Sur de Colombia en min Laurie siento Satan tetris la pequeña población de hey my la única es la pobla de DiSpirito Alec a serial a pyramid or mudada de su Astoria a la una cincuenta Y Cinco de un free event a tres de niro una Fisher Asiya Brio en el lado este de la Isla del Volcan eldfell entran eruption at on so no o NK no metro del centro de la ciudad y lo siento metros delay Glacia principal en las horas ideas que seguir on el miedo say poder o de gran parte de los habitants ke raba demente abandonar Allah Allah pero otros okay component Conde pasado planned a scopic a un seiniger own acept r la destruction completed a la tierra que habían Jurado gar del cuarto y por vecas a via sill resistance DCD Aaron entonces agir una raised a howl at de noche vumbi Aaron agua del Mar Paran free RL flow coda lava P de tener sua von c'est tres meses de incessant a lucha casa milà Gras cement a los pozos flucos de lava finally tuvieran en la calidad los vesti hosed estaba Tasha Quaid inverse el general Puerto de lights left faux fur mondo una incredible a Victoria pero record and a lost a men Lewin esperados tipo de dos que estos eventos puede llegar a ser [Music]
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posterior as a tapas colony salad we passed to algunos our boosters profits and taller de La Roquette mineral distr presented in Acapulco para que la vie Sinise's pueden finalmente for Magnus la resistant al erosion serie necesario mucho más que una opción los números Jose Studios realizado sensor say de de su formation ana Rahad o nuevo stato sobre la Rapides con que estos processes pueden our say-so aprendiendo la comunidad scientifica por su ritmo evil OC dad I'm actually sitting on top of a lava flow this rock here when it came out of a crack in the earth and flowed across the surface there was obviously nothing growing on it and yet right now you can see it's it's covered with plants there are many different kinds of things there are lichens here there are mosses there are flowering plants lots and lots of different plants growing in quite quite quite an abundance around me how did they get here what what happened what what was it that allowed these plants to start growing on a surface that was sterile when it started out this is something that is called ecological succession it's the process by which plants and other organisms begin to live on on rocks and in other unoccupied areas in many places it's actually bacteria that start living on the rocks first and those bacteria can take advantage of some of the minerals that are present there on the rocks and so on and somehow or other they create a a modified environment and that allows other organisms to come along what are the first other organisms that appears that we can actually see on rocks is actually a team effort and that's these these lichens like this white stuff here that I can see in front of myself lichens we just found out and not one organism they're not two organisms there are actually three organisms and this is brand-new the third organism has just been discovered recently we knew that they are a team effort between algae and a kind of fungus and these two very different organisms get together and the fungus seems to provide the environment that allows the algae to live and the algae is a kind of plant so it can take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere and turn it into sugars which then it shares with the fungus so they help one another out it's a it's a mutually beneficial arrangement but it turns out that there is a third kind of organism involved in this and this is another kind of fungus so there are two kinds of fungus and an algae all living together and they team together so that they can live under these very difficult circumstances when they're trying to start things going as the as the lichens build up other chemical changes start happening the rock there might be some soil that's produced through erosion and other things like that and then you then you start getting other kinds of plants and there there's a very kind of defined sequence if you study these things kind of ladies right places that you mandate a monadic when ciudad de agua by did another 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poder Oh Simone practices oh yes hello Dave oh hello Roy yellow shoe you can use condom Palamos este este tipo de professor's el hecho de que una es la que parece en medio del mark on Vulcan d/a-converters en una y la llena de vida no estamos cuenta de del disegno del ovn pensaba que esta la naturaleza en la que dios puso no solamente toda la vida el principio sino que también in Rodo hollows megan is most a permit en super our los problemas que se podían de River en caso de que pues Posada lo que pasó por el picado LD loo vo todo este tipo de catastro face que no momento del modo pueden dejar la tierra completamente de sol la de o determine oddest ona's de la tierra trophy seen vida y esta pensado esta todo plan offical como para que eso se puede para que la vida puede empezar way nuevo para que podamos recuperar parte de lo que teníamos ezra's Hermosa es que los mekinese Mo's estan IE son SPC day de mekinese most emergencia que en caso de necesidad saponin en marcha para que la vida en la tierra continued a yone teen un condiciones it seems life was designed so that it could boot itself just like a computer it has a a way of starting up picking itself up by the bootstraps that's that's the the expression that we sometimes use it can start with bare rock and turn it into a verdant amazing and beautiful situation like the one you see around me [Music]