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So, have you ever heard the saying, "Don't take candy from strangers"? A phrase warning children to never accept sweet treats from unknown people. Today, we're covering the case that that phrase originated from.
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Today, we're covering a vintage case that involves the first missing child to make national headlines. A child whose memory eventually became honored by the creators of The Charlie Project, a website dedicated to highlighting cases of missing people from the United States. This case surrounds the disappearance of a little boy who, like I indicated during my opener, was abducted because he was promised candy from someone he didn't know, leading to the known saying, "Don't take candy from strangers." It's also the first missing person's case involving ransom letters. There is so much to unpack with this case, but first, a word from today's sponsor.
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This is the unsolved disappearance of little Charlie Ross. Charles Brewster Ross, affectionately known as Charlie, was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on May 4th of 1870, to parents Christian Kimble Ross and Sarah Anne Lewis Ross. At the time of this case, Charlie and his family were living in Germantown, Pennsylvania, a well-to-do section of Philadelphia. It was one of those areas where if you knew a family lived there in a beautiful home, as the Ross family did at the time, you would most likely automatically assume that that family was wealthy. That assumed wealth, many believe, is the reason this little boy from this family was targeted. This family, though, was not as financially stable as many assumed. The family owned a dry goods store, but the stock market crash of 1873, the year before this case, had extremely affected their funds. This family, once wealthy, was then in a pretty large amount of debt. The Ross family, I do have to mention, was a large family. Based on findagrave.com, at the time of this case, the Ross children included, of course, Charlie. Then there was Augustus, Henry, Sophia, and Walter, all older than Charlie, and Mary Ann and Ann, who were both younger than Charlie. Later, the family welcomed Winslow, who tragically passed away at six months, and William.
Now, let's get into the day and discussion. The day of the disappearance, on Wednesday, July 1st of 1874, four-year-old Charlie and his older brother, five-year-old Walter, were playing outside in the front yard of the Ross family mansion at 529 East Washington Lane. All of a sudden, two men approach the young boys in a horse-drawn carriage. The boys were not afraid. They recognized the men immediately. The two men had brought them candy every day for the past five days. This time, the two men offered them candy and also firecrackers. Being two young, trusting boys, two boys who had received candy before from these men, they believed they had good intentions and that the two of them would, in fact, be given candy and firecrackers. The boys hopped in the buggy, and the four of them rode off into town to a local store. As they drove further away from the home, though, Charlie began to cry. He wanted to go back home. They arrived at the store, and the two men gave Walter 25 cents to go inside and pick out some firecrackers and candy.
Now, indubitably, the goal of these two men was to separate the two boys so they could, without causing a scene, kidnap the youngest, which is exactly what they did. As Walter was inside the store choosing what firecrackers and candy that he wanted, the carriage rode away with little Charlie Ross inside. Walter left the store and didn't see the carriage anywhere. At this point, he was terrified and confused. Their father, Christian, returned home from the family store a little after 6:00 p.m., and he wasn't worried when he didn't spot his two young boys anywhere on the property because a maid informed him that she had seen the boys playing outside hours before. Christian figured that Charlie and Walter may have just wandered off and were playing somewhere in the neighborhood, maybe with some local children. Christian headed inside the home and got some chores done. Hours passed, though, and he still had not seen Charlie and Walter. They hadn't returned home, so he decided to go look for them in the neighborhood. This is when he was informed by a neighbor, Mrs. Kitt, that before Christian returned home from work, she had seen the boys talking to two unknown men in a horse-drawn carriage, and the boys eventually left with these men. Christian, being a concerned father, frantically contacted local authorities about his two missing boys and continued searching and questioning neighbors and people in town. He received help from members of the community willing to help in the search. He questioned everyone he came across to see if anyone had seen the two boys. Fortunately, one person reports differ. Some claim it was a neighbor, some claim it was a complete stranger. Either way, someone did find Walter and reunited him with his father. Christian was, of course, beyond thankful to have his son back, but still, where was his other son? Where was Charlie? This was the start of a mystery now spanning over a century and a half.
The news of the disappearance spread quickly, and there was only one person at the time that wasn't aware Charlie was missing: that was his mother. Sarah was out of town receiving care for an illness, and Christian didn't want to worry her. He was hoping to honestly find Charlie before she got home. Sarah, though, would see an advertisement for their son's return in a newspaper two days after the abduction. She returned home immediately. Christian, though, questioned his son Walter, as police would as well, and wanted to know what these two abductors looked like. Walter would say that one of the men was thin and wore a straw hat. He said that the other, he remembered, had a very odd nose. They were both Caucasian, one seeming older than the other. Two days after the abduction of his son, and the same day Sarah learned that her son was missing, Christian would receive a ransom letter to his store, the first letter of what would eventually be 23 letters in total. These letters were all poorly written, with words misspelled all throughout them, which could have been done purposely, or possibly the abductors did struggle with spelling and grammar. This is unknown throughout history because later on, there would be a lot of people who would take inspiration from this case and kidnap children and send ransom letters. They would purposely misspell words to throw off the parents or authorities. On the screen is the original spelling in the first ransom letter. It's a bit difficult to understand, but it basically says that Christian will have to pay a large sum of money to get Charlie back, not to get police involved in any way, and that they will reach out in a few days with further instructions. On July 7th, another crude letter came in. This one stating $20,000 was required to be delivered to them for Charlie's safe return. $20,000 in 1874 is roughly half a million dollars today. Police urged Christian to not communicate with the kidnappers directly and to not pay them anything. Authorities feared that if the abductors did receive the money, they would go on to kidnap more children in the hopes of further financial gain. Put yourself in his shoes. He wanted his child back, but he didn't know what to do because he didn't want to put other children in harm's way. The kidnappers did say that they would kill Charlie if he did not cooperate. So, at this point, he honestly had no idea what path to go down to get his son back.
Over the next few weeks, the next few months, Christian would receive quite a few letters, and like I said before, 23 in total. They told him in one ransom to communicate with them through the Philadelphia Public Ledger, which is a local newspaper, and that's what he decided to do. Anything that he had to say to the kidnappers was printed in this local paper. The reason that he started communicating with the kidnappers is because it got to a point where he felt like if he didn't communicate or answer back to them in some manner, that they were just going to give up and do something to Charlie. Authorities continued conducting daily searches with the help of locals. They were searching abandoned buildings, railroad depots, cars, parks, bodies of water, businesses, boats, dumpsters, anywhere a small child could possibly be hiding or being hid by two kidnappers. Eventually, even the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, a private police service founded in 1850 in Chicago, Illinois, was put on this case. Pinkerton would go on to print hundreds of thousands of posters and flyers, some sources say millions, for Charlie's case to put around different communities in the hopes someone would come forward with information regarding his whereabouts and the identities of the men who took him. To say that the search for Charlie Ross was an extensive one would be an understatement. By August, police became so desperate to locate the missing boy that they started conducting searches of people's homes in the area. They went home to home, searching every single room. Still, they found nothing.
As the search continued, more and more ransom letters came in to Christian, all saying relatively the same thing and all very misspelled. Parents in Philadelphia during this time were terrified that one of their children was going to be next. They begged authorities to release the ransom letters in full in the papers, but authorities refused. On July 24th of that year, the mayor's office announced a $20,000 reward for information leading them to the men who abducted Charlie, the same amount the kidnappers were asking from the Ross family to get Charlie back. Christian would actually be reached out to by P.T. Barnum of Barnum and Bailey Circus via telegram. The telegram read: "If you will meet me at my home here before Monday, I will pay your expenses both ways. I will pay a large reward, and I think I can get Charlie, if alive." P.T. offered to pay $10,000 of the demanded $20,000. There was a catch, though. If Charlie was returned home, P.T. wanted Charlie to travel with him in his circus. With the way that the story spread nationally, P.T. knew he would make a hefty income from traveling by putting Charlie in his show. He knew thousands upon thousands of people would want to see the boy who had been abducted in Philadelphia. Christian was appreciative and accepted the offer but stated he would rather eventually pay the money back than have his son in the circus. Christian spoke with authorities, and they decided that they needed to try to pay up the ransom because searching was getting them nowhere and ultimately causing more harm than good. Yes, there were a lot of people who wanted to help in the search, but dozens of people were coming forward with dollar signs in their eyes. They just wanted the money. Some parents even dressed their children up to look like Charlie and brought him into the station, saying that they found the lost boy. I realize that times were tough. It was after the stock market crash of 1873, and if you know anything about the Great Depression, which would happen many years later, a lot of people were selling their children. So, as desperate as it was at the time for a family to make money by doing this, it isn't extremely surprising to me. Like with any case, supposed psychics also wrote in, saying they were given information from beyond the grave of where the little boy was. Some people saying he was still alive, some people saying he was killed. People also wrote in with conspiracy theories as to what happened or who was responsible. It was complete chaos, and the Ross family, they just wanted Charlie back.
Multiple attempts were made to deliver the $20,000 to the kidnappers, but each time, the men never showed. Eventually, after 23 ransom letters, all communication stopped. The family, obviously, was completely devastated, and authorities felt like they let the family down. Around this time, police in New York received a promising tip. William Westervelt, an experienced criminal motivated by the reward and basically only the reward, informed Superintendent George Walling that his brother-in-law, William Mosher, and a friend named Joseph Douglas matched the descriptions of the kidnappers provided by Walter Ross and eyewitnesses who had seen the men in the vicinity of the boys. Walling also discovered that William Mosher's brother-in-law was a former police officer who had been dismissed for corruption. Walling proposed to reinstate Westervelt's position if he agreed to make contact with his brother-in-law and act as a spy. He was going to give him his job back if he only helped them catch these men suspected of the kidnapping and hopefully finally get Charlie back. Westervelt accepted this incredible offer. However, after reaching out to the kidnappers through his sister, he began playing both sides and shared confidential information regarding police activities with his brother-in-law and Joseph. Authorities in New York and Philadelphia decided to keep these new developments private so no one from the public interfered with their goal of catching these two men and, of course, hopefully finding Charlie. Police really thought they had their men, but they had to be smart about it.
Events, though, would not play out how they anticipated. Around 2:00 in the morning on Monday, December 14th of 1874, in Bay Ridge, Brooklyn, New York, an area roughly 96 miles northeast of Germantown, the home of Judge Van Brunt was burglarized. The judge's brother, named Holmes, lived next door and rallied up some men to stop the intruders of his brother's house. The group entered the home, shooting the two men who were robbing his brother. One of the men was killed instantly. The man who was killed instantly was William Mosher. The other man with him was Joseph Douglas. Most newspaper reports claim it was only two shots that were fired: one that hit and killed Mosher, and the other that hit Douglas, who did not die immediately. He stayed alive for roughly an hour while a doctor was on his way. Exactly what Douglas said while he was down dying is unknown, but we have a rough idea according to the witnesses who were present at the time. Obviously, everyone at this time was very worked up and not in the right frame of mind to go grab a pencil and paper and to write down what Douglas was saying. But basically, Douglas said that they were the ones who abducted Charlie, and that Mosher had a wife and six children, and that he didn't know if Charlie was with the other children or not, or where Charlie was. It is reported that Douglas stated Charlie would be returned to them in a few days. It seems that Douglas was pretty insistent that only Mosher knew where the boy was. Before the doctor or authorities got to the residence, he died from his injuries. As he was dying, though, he begged for a minister so he could make good with God. Based on reports, Mosher had recently been in jail in Freehold, New Jersey, for burglary, but he escaped. It seems both men had run-ins with the law, and authorities in Philadelphia had been on the hunt for them, hoping to question them in person regarding Charlie's disappearance. Unfortunately, the burglary and their deaths happened before they were ever really able to do that.
Authorities contacted the Ross family and informed them of what happened to the two men who had been persons of interest in their son's case. The family was completely shocked. Authorities arranged to have them come to New York City so Walter could verify if Mosher and Douglas were, in fact, the two men who picked him and Charlie up in the carriage. Walter positively identified the men as being the men who took them to the store that day for firecrackers and candy, which authorities believed subsequently meant that these were the two men who had abducted Charlie. Walter had described the older man's nose as being odd. Being only a child, he referred to it as a "monkey nose." This was what he was quoted saying. He said that the nose resembled the nose of a monkey. It seems that the cartilage in Mosher's nose had been destroyed, which ultimately disfigured his nose a bit. This deformation was believed to be due to either syphilis or cancer, based on reports. They were also able to verify that the handwriting of Mosher matched the handwriting of the ransom letters. The fact that Douglas was being quite transparent about what happened, answering questions and wanting forgiveness at the end of his life, it is assumed he was telling the truth that he really didn't know where Charlie was. Also, it is believed Mosher wrote the letters, so how much of a part did Douglas really play in the kidnapping besides helping Mosher originally? We may never know.
With Mosher and Douglas dead, authorities decided to look at the only person they knew who was still alive who may have had some connection: Mosher's brother-in-law, William Westervelt. Walter, though, was insistent that he had never seen Westervelt before and that there were only two men in the carriage that day, and those men were Mosher and Douglas. Westervelt was tried in 1875, the following year, for kidnapping. He was found not guilty but was found guilty for a lesser conspiracy charge. He served six years behind bars at Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary. Westervelt claimed until the day that he died that he never had any part in Charlie's abduction, but while he was behind bars, he did tell Christian that the only thing he did know was that Charlie, at the time of Mosher and Douglas's death, was still alive. Hearing this, of course, gave Christian some hope that he would see his son alive again at some point. Unfortunately, that would never happen.
As we know, before Charlie was abducted, the Ross family was already struggling financially, but they wanted to keep the search going for Charlie. So, Christian decided to raise money by publishing a book. In 1876, two years after the kidnapping, Christian Ross published "The Father's Story of Charlie Ross, the Kidnapped Child," in the hopes to raise more money to continue searching and also to spread word of the case even more. This publication did get the public interested in the case again, but within two years, people started to forget about the missing boy from Germantown. Christian decided to republish the book two years later, in 1878, and began giving lectures, mostly in Boston, Massachusetts. Christian and Sarah spent the rest of their lives searching for their son, hoping whoever he was with had kept him alive. Possibly, he was sold to a family who had no idea that he was a stolen child. Maybe they never came across an article about it, which would have been surprising considering how talked about this case was in the late 1800s. I couldn't really find any information about whether they questioned Mosher's wife or not, and if any of the kids had anything to say, but I'm going to assume that they did and didn't find Charlie anywhere in the Mosher home. Both Christian and Sarah passed away as a result of heart failure, but at separate times. Christian passed away in the year of 1897 at the age of 73, and Sarah in 1912 at the age of 78. In total, the Ross family spent approximately $60,000 searching for their son through the years and interviewed 573 boys, teenagers, and young men claiming to be Charlie. Even after Christian and Sarah passed away, Charlie's siblings continued the search.
The next time Charlie's case was largely covered was during the 50th anniversary of his case in 1924. At the time, Walter was working as a stockbroker and stated that he and his siblings still received letters from grown men claiming to be their missing brother. In the mid-1930s, a man came forward claiming that he was, in fact, the missing boy, Charlie Ross. This individual was the most determined person in the history of this case, claiming to be him. The man's name was Gustav Blair, also known originally as Nelson Miller, but he had many aliases, which we'll discuss soon, but he was at the time going by Gustav Blair. He was from Phoenix, Arizona, and he stated that after the abduction by Mosher and Douglas, he had lived in a cave and eventually was adopted by the family that he grew up with. The thing about Gustav is that he had been trying for a few years at this point to declare himself as a part of the Ross family, as being Charlie. In 1939, though, he petitioned that the Maricopa Court recognize his identity as the missing boy. His request was actually approved. This absolutely sickened the remaining Ross siblings. They couldn't believe that the court identified this man, who definitely wasn't their missing brother, as being their missing brother. About the entire situation, Walter Ross, 70 at the time, stated, "This man's claims are entirely unfounded, and we intend to ignore the action of the court. Blair is evidently just another one of the cranks who have been bothering us for the last 65 years. The idea that my brother is still alive is not only absurd, but the man's story seems unconvincing." He went on to say, "We've long ago given up hope that Charles ever would be found alive." Walter and his siblings did not believe the man's claims for even a second and refused to interact with him, and especially not give him any part of what their parents had left them in the inheritance. It seems that this man may have been mentally unwell. We don't know, or possibly his overall goal was simply to gain fame and money, because he actually moved to Los Angeles, California, for a period of time and tried to sell his story to filmmakers. No one, thankfully, was interested, though, and he gave up on that idea completely. Gustav moved back to Phoenix afterwards and eventually, most likely due to his obsession with this case, moved with his wife to Germantown. He would return, though, to Phoenix sometime later. This man did completely take over Charlie's identity legally. That's something that I have to say, he legally became Charlie Ross, and the court was saying that they found the lost boy. After decades, today, if you go on your phone or your computer to the Ross family's Find A Grave page, this man is listed as Charlie Ross. There is also a Find A Grave page for the real Charlie, but this man has his connections on the site to the Ross family. So, if you go to this man's page, it says that all of Charlie's actual siblings are his siblings, and Charlie's parents are his parents. He was mostly known as Gustav Blair. He had married his first wife, Ida, under the name Nelson Miller, though, in 1896, because that was his original name at birth, and they had five children together. He then went on to marry his second wife, Cora, under the name Charlie Ross in September of 1939. He would pass away on December 14th of 1943, at the age of 73, still insisting until the day he died that he was the real Charlie Ross.
Charlie's brother, Walter, actually passed away on July 22nd of 1943, a few months before Gustav did, aka the fake Charlie. I call him the fake Charlie because, yes, we would discover he was, in fact, fake. Because in 2011, long after Charlie's siblings had all passed away, descendants of the alleged Charlie Ross decided to do a Y-DNA test where they focus on the Y chromosome, or the male chromosome. DNA was taken from descendants of Harrison Miller, who was believed to be the biological brother of Gustav. They grew up as brothers, and DNA was taken from descendants of Gustav Blair, who originally was Nelson Miller. The DNA test determined there was a 99.99903% chance of kinship, meaning they shared both parents, meaning that Gustav was not adopted like he said he was. After hearing for so many years this, you could call it family lore, that this relative of theirs had claimed until the day that he died that he was a missing boy, they wanted to find out for sure with a legitimate test to see if he actually was Charlie Ross. I wholeheartedly wish that DNA testing was accessible at the time that Charlie's siblings were alive, but through DNA testing, they were able to verify that Gustav was not Charlie Ross, even though he was still and is still lying under a grave marker claiming to be him. Gustav was never adopted by his family. He was born into his family. He completely made up the entire story. Why he did it is still unknown. Again, was he suffering from a mental disorder, or did he just want 15 minutes of fame? We'll probably never find out. I do get comments quite often from people asking me why I say "probably," and I say "probably" because of what we'll get into soon, where you never really know what's been left behind. Find you get what I'm saying? Like, even though this case is so old, maybe one day somebody will be renovating their home and find some sort of letter left behind from Gustav saying that he made up the whole thing. We never know.
Now, the $20,000 was eventually paid, but it wasn't to the kidnappers. It was for the ransom letters. During an auction back in 2013, a school librarian in Philadelphia named Bridget Flynn and her daughter were looking in the basement of her home for an old family drawing that they intended to print on her daughter's bridal shower invitations. As they were looking through bins of personal belongings, they found something that they didn't recognize: a bunch of letters tied together with a black shoelace. They thought they were love letters at first. Turns out, they were the ransom letters from Charlie Ross's case. Bridget told her husband, a research consultant at the University of Pennsylvania, about the letters. He did a little research and discovered their connection to Charlie's case, and they believed they were the original letters. There were only 22 letters, though, in the pile, not 23. Each letter had been numbered in pencil at the top, most likely by Christian Ross. They would discover that the fifth letter sent to Christian was missing from the stack. The fifth letter was also the only letter out of the 23 not published in Christian's book covering his son's case. Why it was left out and where it is today is unknown. A lot of people have speculated that possibly the fifth letter had contained some gruesome or personal information in it that Christian did not want let out to the public. With the letters was also a missing poster with Charlie's face on it. Bridget's husband contacted local Germantown historian Alex Bartlett, who was fascinated by the find and compared them to photos of the actual letters. He believed them to be authentic. He didn't think that it was some sort of hoax. How they got in the basement of this home, though, is a mystery in itself. The Ross mansion was torn down in 1926, and a church stands there today. Bridget's grandmother, though, was, as she said, a born storyteller, and she loved collecting rare finds. Bridget's family had been in Northwest Philadelphia since the late 1700s, so they lived there at the time of Charlie's case. She took over her grandmother's collection a year before these letters were found but never looked through everything. How her grandmother would have obtained these letters is completely unknown, and it doesn't seem like she had told anyone in the family that they were there. David Bloom, vice president at Freeman's Auctioneers and Appraisers, Philadelphia's oldest auction house, was able to verify the authenticity. He estimated their value to be between $3,000 and $55,000. They would sell at auction, though, for $116,000 with a 25% premium fee, bringing the total to $20,000, matching the original ransom amount. Two online bidders were in a match against each other, but one ultimately outbid the other, also buying the missing poster for $700. Thankfully, the buyer of the letters was not just some weirdo with a fascination of owning a piece of an American tragedy. His name has been kept from the public, but he is a collector of Germantown historical artifacts, and his goal was for them to be kept in Northwest Philadelphia. They were going to be scanned for historical Germantown archives, kept in acid-free folders and boxes, and also easily attainable for future research purposes. It always makes me very happy when I hear of a historical item being put up for auction and the person who wins the item is somebody who is actually respectful and makes sure that the item is put to good use or kept in a place where it's safe, somebody who genuinely appreciates the history of it and wants to make sure that nothing happens to it. Chris Ross, former Pennsylvania State Representative and grandnephew of Charlie Ross, stated that his parents' generation simply didn't discuss Charlie. It was a forbidden topic. He said that any physical papers from Christian still existing was completely unknown to anyone in his family. I have to say, though, and this might sound odd, as a history buff and someone whose life revolves around covering cult cases, stumbling across something like these ransom letters would be a dream. Being able to bring forward a piece of local history that many thought was lost. How interesting the letters were located in a basement in Mount Airy, which is only about a mile northwest of Germantown. It honestly really makes you wonder what else out there is just lying around in a basement or a garage or an attic, just waiting to be found. With cases like these, we can only really hope that Charlie was kept alive. I mean, look at the case of Louis Albino from last year, a boy who had been with his brother and was abducted because he was promised candy, so similar to this case, and 73 years later, he was found alive. He had been kidnapped and taken across the country, so you just really never know.
Interestingly enough, and something I feel the need to share, descendants of Gustav Blair actually created an entire website dedicated to research on the man who claimed to be Charlie Ross until the day that he died. The website is charlieross.com. According to the site, Gustav had quite a few aliases besides Nelson Miller and Charlie Ross. He had also, for periods of time, been known as C.R. Brooks and Chess Bradley. He was born as Nelson Miller on July 13th of 1874 to parents Reier and Ann Miller in the small village of Mungan Grove near the Lee County city of Dixon, Illinois. At some point between 1918 and 1920, he changed his name to Gustav Blair, and in 1939, he convinced a jury in Maricopa County, Arizona, he was Charlie Ross, the missing boy from Philadelphia. Considering that Gustav, or Nelson, or the multiple other aliases he had gone by during his life, had been originally born on July 13th of 1874, means that he had been born the same month of the same year that Charlie had been abducted. The day that Charlie was abducted, he was four years old, and Gustav, or Nelson, was 12 days away from his birth.
I want to thank you all, though, for taking a little bit of time out of your day to learn about Charlie's case. It's one that I've definitely had on my list of cases to cover for a few years now. It was just one of those cases where if you asked me about it, I only really knew the tip of the iceberg when it came to information surrounding it, but being able to sit down and actually research into it was actually very interesting just on its own. If there are any cases that you possibly want me to cover here on my channel, make sure to send those requests over to gabulosiscaserequests@gmail.com. I hope you all have an amazing rest of your day wherever you are. Stay safe, like always, and I will hopefully see you in the next one. Bye.
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