Transcription
Hey hey hey! What the heck? What the heck? Sorry guys, my name is Ana and this is Close Up Application. Yes, I've heard your cry. You are saying you want more of geography. And yes, 2023 matriculants passed! 89% of South African matriculants passed! Wow, that is amazing, guys! Thanks, a round of applause! And unfortunately, 11% didn't make it. You definitely do not want to be part of that 11%. How can you not like this video? Subscribe to my channel because we are moving to what we call mid-latitude cyclones.
Why am I teaching that? Because I'm from South Africa and this weather condition usually occurs in my country. Yes, we are affected by this weather condition. All right, first, we have to understand what is a mid-latitude cyclone. The definition. Make sure that you run off to your room, bring that scrapbook, put it on top of your lap, and write this definition. What is the definition? The definition says, a mid-latitude cyclone, there are low-pressure weather conditions which occur in winter between 30 to 60 degrees and they move eastwards, or you could say, from west to east. All right, let's write it down. I said it's a low-pressure weather condition which occurs in winter between 30 to 60 degrees latitudes and they move eastwards. Yes, how did I find eastwards? This is our direction. You write your cross and you say, "Never Eat Sour Worms." I've spoken about this on my first video.
All right, so how do we understand or break down this? We first understand that this is a low-pressure weather condition. What is low pressure? Low pressure simply means there is rising air. Meaning, this weather condition is associated with rising air. And we know in the Northern Hemisphere, the air rises anticlockwise, or they could say counterclockwise. And in the Southern Hemisphere, the air rises clockwise. All right, now we know that this weather condition is also associated with rising air.
All right, then secondly, when is it occurring? Where does it usually affect this country or this? When does it usually affect South Africa? We say in winter. It affects South Africa in winter. All right, now that we know the season in which it occurs, we have to understand where is it occurring. It is occurring between 30 to 60 degrees. Right, this is our other. Under 30 to 60 degrees, hence it is called the mid-latitude because it happens in between the two middle latitudes. And the 30 and the 60 are the middle latitudes, hence it's called the mid-latitude cyclone.
Then lastly, our other mark is this one, eastwards. How is it moving? It's moving eastwards, or you could say from west to east, from west to east, or you could just simply say eastwards. All right, why does it move eastwards? Mainly because of the wind which we call the westerlies. If you don't understand the winds, you have to watch the video I dropped before this one because it speaks more of the wind movement and air circulation around the Earth. All right, so let's continue.
Now that we understand this whole definition, almost everything about the mid-latitude cyclone, we now have to understand the formation. How does it form? It has what we call five stages. It is very important to understand all five stages. I once heard one YouTuber saying, "No, it's very important to watch the mature stage or to understand the mature stage." Because yes, the mature stage is usually the most important one, but then we have to understand from stage one, the initial stage, until the last stage, which is the dissipating stage. Right, so stay tuned, like this video, comment, and my guy, subscribe!
Okay, okay. As I've said, we have five stages. The first one is called the initial stage. This is where everything starts. Right, we know what this is. This line, this line is the latitude which is called a 60-degree latitude. You understand what I'm saying? This 60-degree latitude line is called a polar front. Right, this line is called a polar front, or this latitude line is called a polar front. So under the polar front, we have polar easterlies. I remember I taught you about easterlies. If you do not remember, watch the video I dropped before this one. And we know that easterlies, this is how they are moving. Right, this is how the easterlies are moving because I said they are named from where they are coming from. Why are they easterlies? Because they are coming from the East, moving to the West. They are called easterlies. Don't mind if they are going west, but then they are called easterlies because they are coming from the East. Right, so these are what we call easterlies. Right, these are easterlies. And on top of the polar front, we have tropical westerlies. I spoke about tropical westerlies and I'm speaking about them again. So the tropical westerlies, this is how they are moving. Right, okay.
And as the summer season begins to end in South Africa, the winter season begins to approach. How does it approach? The polar easterlies coming from the polar high-pressure belts. We did learn about that. You must watch the video I dropped before this one. The easterlies, the polar easterlies will now start to move further north towards the polar front. The polar front, it is the latitude of 60 degrees. So the easterlies will begin to move further north. That will force the westerlies, the tropical westerlies, to move further south. So these air masses will now be moving in a parallel direction, but then not mixing. This is the first stage, which is called the initial stage. Right, this is what I call, not I, this is what is called the initial stage. This is where everything begins.
Then the second stage is what we call the wave formation stage. So obviously, if this begins to happen, this air starts to move further north and this westerlies start to move further south. This is how it looks like. It looks like this. Right, so this is the wave formation stage. Why does it look like this? Because the polar easterlies have obviously uplifted the polar front or the warm air. So that will obviously cause what? It will cause the warm air that is obviously underneath to rise in a sharp and a speedy manner. So in this area, we will now have a low pressure. So looking at each and every mid-latitude cyclone, you will always find a low pressure under there. Remember, what do we call this? The wave formation stage. Right, the wave formation stage.
Okay, and after stage two, the wave formation stage, we are obviously moving to the most important stage. I heard one YouTuber saying that, and I agree with them. The mature stage is the most important one. Make sure you fetch that script book again. Draw what I'm about to draw because the more you draw, the better you understand, and the more you will never forget. That's how I passed my geography. Make sure you fetch that script book while I'm still wiping this spot. Okay, okay.
And most importantly, the third stage, the mature stage. Yes, the mature stage. All right, I don't care if you've been listening for the whole past, I don't know, three minutes, but then make sure that you now start paying attention because this is where you get all your marks for mid-latitude cyclone. How am I going to make sure that you get them? We'll be drawing a cross-section diagram of a mid-latitude cyclone. The cross-section, that diagram that I will be drawing will not be the one that you should be throwing in your exam. I will tell you why. It begins with that line at the bottom. Right, then on the mature stage, we now know that the fronts have fully developed. Right, this is the warm front and this is a cold front. Why are they called fronts? Because they used the polar front, in which you may remember from the initial stage to the wave stage, they used the polar front in their advantage to create these air conditions. Right, so this is a warm sector or a warm front, I mean, a warm front. Then this one is a cold front. Okay, how do they exactly look like on a synoptic weather map? I'm just going to write this, even though it is not needed on your exam paper. You do not have to show that this is a cold front and this is a warm front, but then for you to understand, I have to write it. So this is a cold front. The cold front have spikes like this. Right, this is a cold front. Then here it is what we call our warm front. All right, now what do we have? We have two marks, the cold front and the warm front. What is our other mark? We know that this wind or this weather condition moves eastwards. So we are going to draw our directions that are moving eastwards and maybe write even here, eastwards. Right, now we know three things: warm front, cold front, and the direction. Right, so what happens after the warm front have passed by? Because they are moving eastwards, what will happen here? Obviously, what will happen after the warm front has passed by? Warm, light air will be left. Warm, light air will be left here. So this area will be called the warm sector. Right, so this is the warm sector. Right, in the warm sector, it is obviously the cold air approaching, or the cold front approaching. And we know as geography learners that a cold front is very heavy and it is very dense. So it will obviously uplift the warm air which was left by the warm front up. So this cold front will obviously uplift the warm air which was left by the warm front and cumulonimbus clouds will be formed. Obviously, as air rises, cumulonimbus clouds will be formed. Huge clouds will be formed. This is where once you see cumulonimbus clouds forming, you must know heavy precipitation is about to occur. Heavy precipitation occurs behind the warm front. In front of the cold front, there is what? Heavy precipitation occurring.
Then what else do we know? We know that this cyclone, it is moving on a circular like shape. And in the Southern Hemisphere, we know that air rises clockwise and Northern anticlockwise, or counterclockwise. Right, so it definitely means that where the warm air is going, there was obviously a cold front. So where the warm front is approaching, there was obviously a cold front because it is rotating. So here, that means there is a cold sector. So the warm front is approaching the cold sector as the cold front approached the warm sector. Right, this is the cold sector. Okay, so we know that if the warm, light air is approaching the heavy and dense air, cold air, obviously, it will not be able to uplift the heavy cold air towards its full potential. So it obviously will have small clouds because the warm air will rise, but then not be able to uplift a lot of air. So small clouds will be formed. And these clouds are namely stratus or nimbostratus. These clouds are associated with what we call light precipitation. Obviously, when the clouds are not that dark, light precipitation will occur. So we know that in front of the warm front, light precipitation is occurring. In front of the cold front, heavy precipitation is occurring. So if you look at this cross-section diagram which I've drawn for you guys, are you telling me that you are not getting the full 10 marks in which you should get? If not, like and subscribe so you can watch more of my videos to understand more of what I'm saying.
All right, so now we know that the warm front is our first mark, the cold sector, second mark, the nimbostratus clouds, third mark, light precipitation, fourth mark, the direction, fifth mark, the warm sector, sixth, and cumulonimbus clouds, seventh, and the heavy precipitation, eighth, and the cold front, ninth, and obviously naming the stage that this is the mature stage, this is 10 flipping marks! How come are you not getting it, guys? I'm not going to be following you around so that you could pass this year. You have to do this on your own.
All right, so now we are moving to stage number four. Guys, I'm not going to be continuing heavy on stage number four. I'm just going to say stage number four, it is where by this cold front is now starting to catch up with the warm front. So as it catches up with the warm front, it will obviously uplift the warm front a bit. So this is called the occluded or the concluding stage. You can do your research or your dictionary. I'm not your dictionary, guys. All right, so this is the fourth stage whereby the cold air reaches, or we can say, catches up with the warm front. So it looks like this. This is stage. This is cold and this is warm. It has obviously uplifted the warm. So now under here, we have what we call cold, warm, cold, warm. So it is now mixed. This is the fourth stage.
Then the last stage, which is called the dissipating stage. The last and final stage. This one, guys, is where the cyclone ends. This means that the cold front have fully caught up with the warm front and they are now combined. They have now mixed. This is how it looks like. This is the final stage, the dissipating stage, which has the cold, the warm, cold, warm, cold, warm. Right, so this is the final mid-latitude stage. And I guess you found your marks, guys. If you want to continue as you should, like, subscribe because we are moving to tropical e- oh no, no, no, tropical cyclones. Okay.